V}W(rORATOES\ DA aAQ.RA J4 V2 88000^72098b O / UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH 1 & CI The Library RESTRD DA 880. RS J4 V.S Jeffrey, Alexander, 1806-1874 The history and antiquities of Roxburghshire and adjacent districts, from the most remote period to the ~ Date due KING PRESS NO. 303 i CO EH Fh te co t— RCl3 CDH THB HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES OF ROXBURGHSHIRE AND ADJACENT DISTRICTS, Jfrom % most %tmott ^txwb to % |tomi €imz. BY ALEXANDER JEFFREY, AUTHOR OF THE "GUIDE TO THE ANTIQUITIES OF THE BORDER," &C. VOL. II. EDINBURGH: THOMAS C. JACK, 92, PRINCES STREET. «*%« PEEFACE, In presenting to the public the second volume of the History and Antiquities of Roxburghshire, the author, while acknowledging with gratitude the kindness and encouragement with which he has been honoured since the commencement of the work, has to express regret at the long period which has elapsed since the publication of the first volume. The preparation of a work of the kind, requiring scrupulous accuracy and fidelity, is of itself a laborious task ; but, when added, as in the present instance, to heavy professional duties, only a few can appreciate the severity of the toil. The work was intended to have been confined to two volumes, but the author had not proceeded far with the present volume when he found it impossible to condense the materials within such limits, and do anything like justice to the subject. He has therefore been induced to extend the work to another volume, and the doing so, he hopes, will meet the approval of the public. The third volume will embrace the districts of Kelso, Melrose, Hawick, and Liddesdale ; the civil and ecclesiastical history of the shire; its agriculture, roads, and railways ; its botany and zoology ; notices of the eminent men who have been born or lived in the county; with a full account of the gipsy tribes inhabiting the Scots border. It is expected that the third volume will be ready for publication by the end of next year. As the author is anxious that the work should be complete as well as accurate, he has to entreat all those possessed of any information tending to illustrate the history of the shire, or of families connected with it, to communicate the same to him, without loss of time, in order that it may be used in the third volume. He has also to request those who may have noticed any errors in the volumes already published, to let him know, that the matter may be inquired into, and, if wrong, corrected in the forthcoming volume. A copious general index of every circumstance in the work will be given in the third volume. A. J. Jedburgh, Nov. 1, 1857. .. .., CONTENTS OF VOL. II. CHAPTER I. OF ITS NAME—ESTABLISHMENT AS A SHIEE—ITS OTHER JURIS- DICTIONS, REGAL AND BARONIAL. 1. Etymology of the name of Roxburgh . 1 2. The erection of the district into a sheriffdom . 5 3. The sheriffs from the 11th century to the present time 7 4. Their powers and duties under the old laws of the king- dom .. .. .. .. ..23 5. The coroner of the shire . 31 6. Regalities of the bishops and abbots, i.e., Kelso, Mel- rose, Glasgow, Paisley, and Jedburgh bailary . 33 7. Regalities of the barons : —Jedburgh Forest, Sprouston, Hawick, Liddesdale, &c. 35 8. Barons' courts . 42 9. Mote-hills of the district.. .. .. ..44 10. Courts of the Heritor . 45 11. Constables of the shire, i.e., constables of the castles of Roxburgh and Jedburgh . 47 12. Jurisdiction of the constables . 50 13. Burghs royal . 51 14. The chalmerlain . 52 CHAPTER II. OE THE BURGH AND CASTLE OF ROXBURGH. 1. Observations on the early towns . 54 2. Situation of the castle of Roxburgh . 56 3. The scenery around the castle . 59 4. Description of it . 61 .. .... .. CONTENTS. 5. The town of Roxburgh, situation, extent, and govern- ment . 62 6. The streets and lanes of the town . 68 7. The churches of the town and castle . 72 8. The Grey Friars' convent. 74 9. Hospital of the town . 76 10. Schools of the burgh . 77 11. Mills of the burgh and town . 77 12. Its market and fairs . 78 13. Roxburgh a royal residence .. .. ..81 14. Annals of the castle and burgh . 83 CHAPTER III. OF THE BURGH AND CASTLE OF JEDBURGH. 1. Its name and situation . 97 2. Streets and public buildings . 99 3. Its supply of water . 112 4. Places of worship . 113 5. Schools.. .. .. .. .. ..114 6. Libraries of the burgh . 114 7. Friendly societies .. .. .. ..117 8. Its trade .. .. .. .. ..119 9. Manufactures .. .. .. .. .. 124 10. Of the mills of the burgh . 128 11. Markets of the burgh . 130 12. Its gardens . 134 13^ The government of the burgh . 136 14. Arms of the burgh . 153 15. Annals of the burgh and castle from 830 to the present time . 155 16. Property of the burgh .. .. .. ..214 17. Families of the burgh . 216 CHAPTER IV. OF THE DISTRICT OF JEDBURGH. 1. The territory comprehends the parishes of Jedburgh, Crailing, Oxnam, Southdean, Hobkirk, Bedrule, and Ancrum, or Jedforest regality . 222 2 . Territory in early times governed by a steward . 223 3. Lyntalee the first dwelling of the Douglas in the south of Scotland . 224 4. Description of this stronghold . 225 5. Origin of the house of Douglas . 227 6. Notices of the Douglas family . 231 .. .... ...... ...... CONTENTS. Vll 7. The right of Percy to claim the territory of the Chase 240 8. Ballad of Chevy Chase does not refer to the battle of Otterburn .. .. , .. ..245 9. Fernieherst Castle . 252 10. Its situation and scenery, and localities around it . 251 11. Notices of the family of Ker . 257 12. Hundole, the ancient seat of a branch of the Kuther- furd family .. .. .. .. ..274 13. Etymology of its name, and situation . 274 14. Origin of the name of Rutherfurd . 276 15. Notices of the family .. .. .. ..277 16. Battle of the Redswyre . 282 17. The burghers of Jedburgh led by the provost . 282 18. Hunthill, or Scraesburgh . 284 19. Its situation and early proprietors . 284 20. Acquired by a branch of the Rutherfurd family about the middle of the 15th century . 285 21. Notices of the family . 285 22. Town of Scraesburgh, where situated .. .. 289 23. Its chapel . 289 24. Dolphinston Manor . 290 25. Etymology of the name . 291 26. Early proprietors . 291 27. Property of a family of Ainslie from the beginning of the 13th to the middle of the 17th century . 291 28. Old Jedivorth ; observations thereon . 293 29. Edgerstoun ; its situation and name . 297 30. Originally the property of a family of Haswell . 296 31. James Rutherfurd got a grant of it from James IV. in 1492 .. .. .. .. ..297 32. Notices of the family . 297 33. Camptoun, on the barony of Edgerstoun . 305 34. Terraces on the Stotfold Hill . 306 35. Mervinslaw ; name and description . 309 36. View from the summit of the Belling . 310 37. Southdean ; name and situation , . 312 38. Ruins of the chapel .. .. .. ..312 39. Place where the Scottish army assembled previous to entering England in 1388 .. .. .. 314 40. The parish church and graveyard . 315 41. The Wheel Causey . 316 42. Abbotrule ; name and description .. .. .. 317 43. Stryndis ; the abode of the Olivers, a noted clan of thieves in Jedforest . 319 44. Kilsyke, Ashtrees, andWoodhouse . 322 45. Bedrule ; its name and situation . 323 46. Its early owners . 323 47. Obtained by the Turnbulls about the end of the 14th century . 325 .. Vlll CONTENTS. 48. Origin of the name of Turnbull, with a history of the clan.. .. .. .. .. ..326 49. Kewcastle .. .. .. .. ..338 50. Knowsouth .. .. .. .. ..339 51. Newton.. .. .. .. .. ..339 52. Hopekirk .. .. .. .. ..340 53. Wauchope; name and situation . 341 54. Notices of the family . 341 55. The clan of Scot led by the head of this house at the battle of the Kedswyre . 342 Notices of the forts and camps on this estate . 345 57. Wolflee .. .. .. .. ..346 58. Alnecrumbe ; name and situation .. .. .. 346 59. Property of the Bishop of Glasgow before 1116 . 349 60. Bishops of Glasgow had a palace here . 349 61. Inquiry into its site . 349 62. Notices of Ancrum . 353 63. Ancrum Castle . 356 64. Its situation . 356 05. Scenery and localities around the castle . 357 66. Notices of the family of Scot, origin and descent . 359 07. Sir Michael Scot, the wizard, one of the Ancrum family 361 68 Kirklands .. .. .. .. ..366 on. Chesters, or Grange . 366 7(1. The manor and barony of Belses . 368 71. The Nisbets . 369 72. Crailing . 370* 78. Crailinghall, or Over Crailing . 371 74. Ulston; barony of that name formerly belonged to Jed- burgh monks . 372 75. Part of it, comprehending the barony of Heartrig, now belongs to Lord Chief Justice Campbell . 373 70. Bonjedworth .. .. .. .. .. 374 77. Timpendean . 374 HISTOEY AND ANTIQUITIES ROXBURGHSHIRE, &c. CHAPTER I. OP ITS NAME ESTABLISHMENT AS A SHIRE ITS OTHER JURISDICTIONS, REGAL AND BARONIAL. The scyre or division of Roxburgh undoubtedly- derived its name from the burgh and castle which occupied the rocky peninsula formed by the junc- tion of the rivers Tweed and Teviot, but the exact period when the name was imposed has not been satisfactorily ascertained. I am inclined to think that it was conferred on the castle during the end of the eleventh or beginning of the twelfth century, by the Anglo-Normans, who had at that early period found their way to the pleasant banks of the Tweed, and the soft margins of the Teviot. B ; 2 THE HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES OF The name first appears in the writs of David, the youngest son of Malcolm, who, at the death of his brother Edgar, in 1106, had assigned to him as his appanage all the country to the south of the firths, excepting Lothian, which at that time com- prehended all the territory lying on the north of the Tweed along the Forth to the Avon on the north-west, while his elder brother, Alexander I., reigned as king over the country to the north of the firths, or Scotland proper.