. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEORGE OTIS SMITH, DIRECTOR 4O4 THE GRANITES OF VERMONT BY T. NELSON DALE WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1909 CONTENTS. INTRODUCTION ............................................................ PART I. SCIENTIFIC DISCUSSION ............................................ Geographic distribution of Vermont granites............................ General petrography of Vermont granites .............................. Biotite granite ................................................... Quartz monzonite .............................. ................. Hornblende-augite granite ........................................ 12 Geologic relations of Vermont granites................................. 13 Outline of the earlier geologic history of Vermont granites............... 16 Important geologic features at the quarries............................. 16 Double-sheet structure...................................:........ 17 Compress!ve strain ............................................... 17 Schist inclusions.................................................. 18 Contact phenomena .............................................. 20 Bethel........................................................ 20 Barre........................................................ 21 Woodbury................................................... 24 Orbicular granite................................................. 25 Delimonitization on the underside of sheets.......................... 26 PART II. ECONOMIC DISCUSSION .......... .................................. 27 The granite railroads ................................................. 27 Description of the granites and quarries................................ 27 Caledonia County ................................................ 27 Hard wick ................................................... 27 K irby ...............................:....................... 2<) Grout quarry............................................. 29 Kearney Hill quarry...................................... 31 Burke quarry .......................... ................. 32 Newark ................. 1................................... 33 Ryegate ............... I..-.-.---.------..--.----.. .......... 34 Topography ............................................. 34 General geology.......................................... 35 Description of Ryegate granite ............................ 35 Geology of Ryegate granite quarries ....................... 35 Gibson quarry ............................................ 36 Morrison quarry .......................................... 37 Italian quarry............................................ 37 Tupper quarry ........................................... 38 Rosa quarry.............................................. 38 Frazor quarry............................................. 40 Groton ...................................................... 40 Orange County................................................... 42 Topsham.................................................... 42 Randolph ....,..,..,...,... T r , r ....... ...................... .43 . 3 4 CONTENTS. PART'II. ECONOMIC DISCUSSION Continued. Page. Description of the granites and quarries Continued. Orleans County ................. ................................ 45 Newport Granite Company's quarry........................... 45 Parmenter quarry............................................ 46 Washington County .............................................. 47 Barre and Williamstown ...................................... 47 Topography ...................................... ...... 47 General geology......................... ................ 47 "Barre granite" ......................................... 50 Geology of Barre quarries....... .......................... 52 Boutwell quarry ......................................... 57 Bruce quarry ............................................. 58 Milne & Wylie quarry.....:.............................. 59 Empire quarry................................. ......... 60 Marr & Gordon quarry ................................... 61 Bailey quarry............................................. 62 Barre Granite Company's quarry.......................... 63 Anderson quarry .................................. ........ 63 Stephen & Gerrard quarry ................................ 64 Jones Light quarry....................................... 65 Barclay quarry........................................... 67 Acme Granite quarry..................................... 68 Wetmore & Morse quarry.................................. 68 Smith Upper quarry........................... ........... 69 Duffee quarry............................................ 71 Smith Lower quarry...................................... 72 Sanguinetti quarry ....................................... 72 Bond & Whitcomb quarry................................ 72 Barney quarry........................................... 74 Canton quarry........................................... 74 O'Herin quarry ......................................... 75 Walker quarry............................... ............ 76 Wells-Larnson quarry .................................... 76 Pruneau quarry.......................................... 78 Consolidated Marr & Gordon quarry....................... 78 McDonald & Cutter quarry................................ 79 Innes & Cruikshank quarry............................... 80 Capital quarry .............i............. ................ 80 Couyellard quarry........................................ 81 Mclver & Matheson quarry ............................... 81 Manufacturers' quarry.................................... 82 Barre quarry............................................. 83 Milne quarry ............................................ 83 Barre Medium quarry .................................... 84 Empire Granite Company's quarry ........................ 84 Stratton quarry .......................................... 85 Jones Dark quarry ...................................--:.* 85 Jones Small Dark quarry .................................. 86 Pirie quarry ............................................. 87 Wheaton quarry ......................................... 87 Wildbur quarry.......................................... 88 Bianchi quarry........................................... 89 Hyland quarry..............,........................._.. 89 CONTENTS. 5 PART II. ECONOMIC DISCUSSION Continued. Page. Description of the granites and quarries Continued. Washington County Continued. Cabot ....................................................... 90 Calais ....................................................... 90 General statement........................................ 90 Patch quarry ............................................ -91 Lake Shore quarry ....................................... 92 Eureka quarry........................................... 92 Woodbury................................................... 93 Topography ............................................. 93 General geology.......................................... 93 "Woodburygranite"..................................... 94 Geology of Woodbury quarries............................ 95 Fletcher quarry.......................................... 96 Woodbury Granite Company's quarries.................... 98 Carson quarry............................................ 101 Ainsworth quarry ....................................... 101 Miller quarry ............................................ 101 Drenan quarries........... .......... ................... 102 Light Granite prospect ................................... 103 Webber quarries ......................................... 103 Fryatt & Carr prospect.................................... 104 Buck Pond quarries and granites.......................... 104 Chase quarries ........................................... 104 Nichols Ledge Carter quarry .............................. 105 Windham County................................................ 105 . Dumrnerston........................ ........................ 105 General statement........................................ 105 Black Mountain quarry................................... 106 Clark quarries .............. '....... ..................... 108 Bailey prospects........................................... 108 Windsor County ............'..................................... 109 Bethel....................................................... 109 Topography and general geology........... .............. 109 "Bethel granite" ........................................ 110 Ellis quarry.............................................. 112 Woodbury Company's quarry............................. 114 Rochester.................................................... 115 Liberty Hill quarry................................... 115 Windsor..................................................... 116 Topography and general geology.......................... 116 "Windsor granite" .................I.................... 116 Mower quarry............................................ 117 Norcross quarry.......................................... 118 Characteristics and adaptation of Vermont granites ..................... 119 Classification of Vermont granites ...................................... 119 Commercial values of Vermont granites ............................... 122 Statistics of granite production in Vermont, by Altha T. Coons.......... 122 Methods in the use of explosives ...................................... 126