Neighbourhood Character Study for East Hampshire District Council Final Report: Classification and Description December 2018 Section 4: 4. Site Specific Character Area Studies 4.3. Southern Parishes of East Hampshire 154 4.3 Southern Parishes of East Hampshire Train Station 155 Southern Parishes of East Hampshire The Study Areas 4.3.1. The five study areas in the Southern Parishes are: 16) Catherington Lane Area 17) Lovedean Lane Area 18) Portsmouth Road, Horndean (current H9 Policy Area) 19) Links Lane, Rowlands Castle (current H9 Policy Area) 20) Southern Rowlands Castle The Landscape Character Areas of the Southern Parishes (and Townscape Character Areas) 4.3.2. The study areas lie within two Landscape Character Areas: • 10a Wooded Claylands - Havant Thicket and Southleigh Forest1 • 3f Horndean – Clanfield Edge Downland Mosaic2 4.3.3. Portsmouth Road, Links Lane and Southern Rowlands Castle are situated in 10a Wooded Claylands - Havant Thicket and Southleigh Forest. 4.3.4. Catherington Lane Area is in 3f Horndean- Clanfield Edge Downland Mosaic, and the Lovedean Lane Area straddles both Landscape Character Areas, with the Wooded Claylands at its southern end. 4.3.5. Portmouth Road, also lies within Townscape Areas WCPH06: London Road environs (Waterlooville), and the southern ends of Catherington Lane Area and Lovedean Lane Area lie in WCPH07b: Residential suburbs, Horndean- Causeway environs, as classified by the Hampshire Integrated Townscape Assessment 2010, for Waterlooville, Cowplain, Purbrook and Horndean3. 4.3.6. The Landscape Character Area of 10a Wooded Claylands – Havant Thicket and Southleigh Forest is a transitional area incorporating the low lying, clay vale and the edge of the chalk downland dipslope. It has a varied landcover dominated by woodland and including pasture, paddocks and commonland. The woodland, and smaller copses provide enclosure and a strong backdrop to views. The remnant woodland and common land represent fragments of the once extensive Forest of Bere - a medieval royal hunting preserve. The fields are small and geometric, with pasture, some managed as horse paddocks. Settlement in this landscape comprises post-1800 expansion (Rowlands Castle and Horndean), possibly originating as common-edge settlements. There is good access to this landscape and despite being adjacent to the urban edges there are opportunities to find places of tranquillity. This landscape is the opposite of that in the north-east of the District, where woodland cover absorbs development. 1 http://www.easthants.gov.uk/sites/default/files/documents/LandscapeType10WoodedClaylands.pdf 2 http://www.easthants.gov.uk/sites/default/files/documents/LandscapeType3DownlandMosaic.pdf 3 http://documents.hants.gov.uk/landscape/HICATownscapeType- WaterloovilleCowplainPurbrookandHorndean-FinalAutumn2010.pdf 156 4.3.7. The intact village of Rowland’s Castle is based at the foot of the downs, around a linear green, and has expanded with more recent edge development. Today, the area is characterised by modern suburban development in a wide variety of styles, but traditional building materials include flint, red brick and clay tiles, do occur. 4.3.8. The 3f Horndean – Clanfield Edge Downland Mosaic is a small area of downland to the west of Horndean and south of Clanfield. This landscape is informed by chalk bedrock geology but is characterised by urban fringe land uses and views to the development edge. It has a gently sloping landform with some undulations in the chalk created by dry valleys. The lower dipslope, and the built form give the area an enclosed character. The northern boundary coincides with the edge of the South Downs National Park. Some fields in arable cultivation remain around the built edge of Horndean and Clanfield. Much of the land is now used as paddocks for horse/pony grazing, particularly the smaller fields in the southern part of the area. There is relatively little woodland, but that which remains, for example Yoell’s Copse, is an important local feature. Views are typically to blocks of residential development superimposed on the chalk landform. Electricity pylons cut across the landscape north of Horndean and are a highly visible and prominent feature. There is a good rights of way network extending from the urban edge, for example linking to Catherington Down SSSI. Smaller rural roads link development. The extent of development and roads fragments the landscape into a series of smaller blocks. There are several ancient lanes through the area such as Coldhill, Ham, Crouch and Tagdell Lanes. 4.3.9. Hampshire Integrated Townscape Assessment4 gives descriptions of all the built development within the settlement boundary: “Several historic settlements have been subsumed by the suburban development of the area including Clanfield, Horndean, Lovedean and Purbrook which all had medieval origins. Cowplain and Waterlooville had appeared by the eighteenth century, both known for their public houses sited alongside the A3 – an important route between the naval dockyards at Portsmouth and London.” (page 2)5 4.3.10. From the eighteenth century, enclosures were being made within the Forest of Bere and in the early-nineteenth century large parts of the forest were sold, freeing up land for development. Initially this took the form of ribbon development alongside the A3 stretching away from the earlier settlement cores. The landscape beyond the roadside was typically enclosed with straight boundaries, and several large houses set in landscaped grounds were also built. 4.3.11. The village of Horndean expanded more rapidly in the 19th century with the establishment of a brewery, which remains a dominant landmark. Historic buildings in Horndean are consistently local red brick giving a strong uniform character. Later 4 http://documents.hants.gov.uk/landscape/HICATownscapeType- WaterloovilleCowplainPurbrookandHorndean-FinalAutumn2010.pdf 5 http://documents.hants.gov.uk/landscape/HICATownscapeType- WaterloovilleCowplainPurbrookandHorndean-FinalAutumn2010.pdf 157 housing is for the most part is suburban in style and demonstrates a wider variety in material use. 4.3.12. Development away from the A3 began to occur in the period between the wars, most notably in Purbrook Park to the east of Purbrook, and Widley grew into a substantial settlement from the diminutive core. Cowplain also grew from the original small row of buildings alongside the A3 with the addition of some side streets off, and parallel to, the main road. To the east of Clanfield a large area was set out for development, some houses being built before World War II. Post war there was a massive phase of development, which allowed the conurbation to spread across the landscape either side of the A3 from Horndean southwards, and ribbon development pushed towards Clanfield, bringing the chalkland village into the conurbation. 4.3.13. The Portmouth Road Study Area is situated within Townscape Character Area WCPH06 London Road environs (Waterlooville), which encompasses the early ribbon development of residential streets in the conurbation and focuses on London Road as it emerges from the commercial centre of Waterlooville and streets parallel or running perpendicular to it. 4.3.14. Lovedean Lane and Catherington Lane Study Areas both lie with their southern ends in the WCPH07b Residential suburbs, Horndean- Causeway environs Townscape Character Area. This is the largest townscape area within the conurbation and can be broadly described as predominantly residential development along the A3(M) transport corridor infilling between a series of earlier hamlets and villages. These, as a result, have become engulfed by 20th century residential development on a small, medium and large scale. There are various distinct periods represented from 1930s semi-detached houses and bungalows through to large areas of Radburn type planned layouts. Some of the older residential areas have experienced much piecemeal infill, which has changed their character over time. The degree of retention of natural habitats, trees and historic boundaries varies throughout. 4.3.15. The Southern Parishes, whilst dominated by 20th century suburban conurbation, still exert a rural influence in parts, with the Catherington Lane and Lovedean Lane areas, serving as complex examples of the transition between the two, where Conservation Areas and listed buildings (based on the historic settlements) are also present. Movement, Access and Settlements 4.3.16. Following is a summary of where the study areas sit within the settlement hierarchy to give a general indication of resident access to services and is intended for understanding context. It is not a complete study of access to all services, as locations of schools, open space and employment areas are only discussed (in the detailed assessments) where they are in or adjacent to the study areas and the information on journey times and distances is approximate. 158 4.3.17. Within East Hampshire District the position in the hierarchy of settlements in the Southern Parishes is as follows6: Southern Parishes Position in Hierarchy Horndean, Town Centre Clanfield, Rowlands Castle Small Local Service Centre Catherington, Lovedean Other settlements with a settlement policy boundary All other settlements Small rural villages/hamlets within the countryside 4.3.18. Other significant settlement centres in the South Hampshire sub-region are situated in the adjacent Havant Borough and in Portsmouth City. Havant Local Plan Adopted 2011, Core Policy CS4: Town, District and Local