Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 167 First International Conference on Administrative Science, Policy and Governance Studies (1st ICAS-PGS 2017) Second International Conference on Business Administration and Policy (2nd ICBAP 2017) Analysis of Urban Heritage Management in the Heritage Area of Jakarta Old-City Diah Putri Utami Mohammad Riduansyah Anza Departement of Public Administration, Faculty of Departement of Public Administration, Faculty of Administrative Sciences, Universitas Indonesia Administrative Sciences, Universitas Indonesia Depok, Indonesia Depok, Indonesia E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Abstract—The Jakarta Old-City Area is a heritage, as stated by Françoise Choay, geographical spatial unit that has been appointed as 1992 (in [1]), "...heritage is finally an urban heritage of Jakarta. This study discusses the application of urban heritage management in Jakarta associated with modernity". Massive urban Old-City Area. This is related to the fact that Jakarta development can encourage the Old-City Area is used for many activities, including development and alteration of functions of conservation activities as a heritage area, so its urban spaces, including changes in urban management becomes crucial to notice. This study spatial functions that are part of the uses a post-positivist approach in which the theory of urban heritage management becomes the municipal history [3]. analytical basis of research findings. The data were One of the changes in the urban obtained from in-depth interviews, observation, and environment that needs attention is the literature study. The result of the study shows that change in cultural objects in the form of heritage management in Jakarta Old-City Area has urban objects of heritage. This is because not been optimal since the regulation system, community engagement, technical and financial basically heritage is not only a record of the managements are not integrated and still contain past—it is an integral part of the current and problems in each dimension. In the case of future urban identity [5]. United Nations regulatory systems, the absence of regulations that Educational Scientific and Cultural specifically regulate the management of the area Organization as in [19] also sees urban becomes the most important issue. Meanwhile, the lack of community empowerment, not based on heritage as important for a city both now community needs and characteristics, becomes a and in the future. Urban heritage, both problem in terms of community engagement. For tangible and intangible, is a source of social technical management, the control of the TSP and cohesion, a factor of diversity and a driver TACB to determine the outcome of efforts to of creativity, innovation, and urban maintain the value and characteristics of the Jakarta Old City as a heritage area is still not strong; in regeneration. addition, the financial management, in terms of the Although considered important, the existing financing alternatives, has not yet existence of the object and the area of accommodated the local economy and the heritage in a city is often being ignored, management activities of the area itself. even also damaged, destroyed, or lost. Keywords—urban heritage; urban heritage UNESCO [20] argues that the world's management; Jakarta Old-City Area heritage is in jeopardy due to armed conflict and war, earthquakes and other natural disasters, pollution, individual hunting, I. Introduction uncontrolled urbanization and uncontrolled According to [18], development is tourism development. In addition, referred to as series of efforts to pursue exponential urban growth may also threaten growth and change towards modernity in a the sustainability of the historic urban planned and conscious manner. In the landscape as in [1]. On the basis of these context of urban development, one thing problems, the concept of heritage associated with modernity is the urban conservation and management emerges Copyright © 2017, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). 306 Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 167 whose results are largely determined by the and included in a tentative list of UNESCO Government as the dominant actor [4]. World Heritage. The Jakarta Old City Area In Indonesia, the concept of heritage is is also mentioned in the Mid-Term synonymous with cultural heritage or Development Plan of Jakarta 2013-2017 as pusaka. Considering Indonesia is the largest part of the urban community's cultural archipelagic country with a rich diversity of development mission. Further explanation natural and cultural resources, and based on of it can be found in the Government Work Law Number 11 Year 2010 concerning Plan of Jakarta in 2017 where the cultural heritage, heritage management arrangement of the Jakarta Old City Area efforts are done by the government on became a development priority of West objects, buildings, structures, sites and Jakarta Municipal Administration region areas. The data from Pantau Pusaka considering the potential of the area. To Indonesia show that Indonesia still has a manage it, the Provincial Government of susceptible condition of heritage, among Jakarta established Area Management Unit others land use; vulnerable condition; poor (UPK) of Kota Tua Jakarta. management; ownership disputes; Nevertheless, the efforts of the Jakarta stolen/looted goods; damaged, destroyed, Provincial Government to manage the Old dirty, neglected, dismantled/destroyed, and City Area are still hampered by various sold goods [16]. Most susceptible problems. These issues include: first, the conditions of heritage can be found in Java less profitable Old City image; Second, lack Island because based on the data from the of supporting facilities in the area; Third, Ministry of Education and Culture of the the less supportive condition of Republic of Indonesia [15], Java has the infrastructure; Fourth, irregular traffic; most preserved cultural heritage, while Fifth, decreasing quality of the surrounding Jakarta is the province with the highest environment (air pollution and river water number of cultural objects of heritage, pollution); Sixth, the not yet integrated registering up to 28,237 objects [14]. While policies; Seventh, divided administrative Bandarin and van Oers assert that Jakarta as boundaries; and eighth, the defectively one of the mega cities experiences an targeted institution. In addition, the existing exponential increase in urbanization and problems are also associated with street urban growth. This is a challenge for the vendors with their buying and selling Jakarta Provincial Government to manage activities around Taman Fatahillah despite their objects of heritage. having been banned, parked cars and Based on the Spatial Plan of Jakarta motorcycles, and the behavior of visitors 2011-2030, there are four locations that who often throw away the garbage not in its become the areas of building and historical place around the Fatahillah Park as in [13]. objects restoration in Jakarta. They are the The management of Jakarta Old City Jakarta Old City Area, Menteng Area, area is also considered overlapping because Kebayoran Baru Area, and House of the there is no clear division of tasks and Pitung. Compared to the four, the Jakarta responsibilities. Cleaning, security, and Old City Area received more attention from parking problems often cause a dilemma the Provincial Government of Jakarta because there is no synergy between Jakarta because it is the strategic area of socio- Provincial Government, and West Jakarta cultural interest that has high historical Municipal Government, and between the value and is a reflection of historical stories, administrative village and sub-district [2]. lifestyles, culture, and civilization of Ary Sulistyo as the representative of UPK Jakarta’s society in the past. The Jakarta Kota Tua Jakarta also revealed that there Old City Area has also been designated as a are obstacles faced by UPK Kota Tua cultural heritage area. At a higher level, the related to its position which is equal to sub- Jakarta Old City Area has been proposed district. Consequently UPK Kota Tua has 307 Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 167 limited authority to coordinate with other the local level has not always been institution which is only limited to security, accompanied by a corresponding increase cleanliness, permit, data collection, and in capacity, whether institutional, technical service of information publication. Those or financial. As a result, the market will problems are seen at the level of tend to occupy the resulting vacuum, management of the Jakarta Old City area; it causing distortions and conflicts. According cannot be separated from the great concept to Bandarin and van Oers, instead of of urban heritage management. Therefore, blaming the market, it seems more this paper is expected to provide an appropriate to take a critical look at the overview of urban heritage management in ways and means of the practice of the heritage area of Jakarta Old City. conservation, with a view to innovate and update the existing strategies and tools for urban heritage management in order to cope II. Theoretical Framework with the increasing complexity and shifting Bandarin and van Oers argue that there responsibilities. is a change in the urban heritage Bandarin and