Review and Identification of a Livestock Sector Strategy and Programme to Address Food Insecurity and Economic Development in Somalia Submitted by: Final Report May 2009 Cardno Agrisystems Prepared for: European Commission Africa Ltd Review and Identification of Livestock Sector Strategy and Programme to Address Food Insecurity and Economic Development in Somalia Final Report – May 2009 TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page Executive Summary............................................................................................................ vii 1 Country Background................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Physical..........................................................................................................................1 1.2 Economic........................................................................................................................1 1.3 Human and Social ...........................................................................................................2 2 Livestock Sector Analysis ......................................................................................... 3 2.1 Main Characteristics and Features of the Livestock Sector...................................................3 2.1.1 Production............................................................................................................3 2.1.2 Animal Health.......................................................................................................5 2.1.3 Somali Livestock Marketing....................................................................................5 2.2 Development of the Livestock Sector (2002 - 2008) ...........................................................7 2.3 EC Livestock Sector Support (2002-2008)..........................................................................9 2.3.1 EC Policies............................................................................................................9 2.3.2 EC Interventions ...................................................................................................9 2.3.3 Other Donor Funded Projects...............................................................................10 2.4 Impact and Beneficiaries................................................................................................11 2.4.1 Data Limitations..................................................................................................11 2.4.2 Beneficiaries.......................................................................................................11 2.4.3 Impact...............................................................................................................11 2.5 Impact and Achievements in EC Funded Projects .............................................................12 2.5.1 Animal and Fodder Production .............................................................................12 2.5.2 Livestock Marketing ............................................................................................12 2.5.3 Export Development and Promotion .....................................................................12 2.5.4 Acceptability of Somalia Livestock and Products.....................................................13 2.5.5 Development of Policy and Legal Frameworks .......................................................14 2.5.6 Livestock Marketing Infrastructure and Improved Hides and Skins Recovery ............15 2.5.7 Milk Marketing ....................................................................................................15 2.5.8 Impact of EC Funded Projects on Animal Health ....................................................16 2.5.9 Animal Health Services ........................................................................................16 2.5.10 Animal Health Inspection and Certification System.................................................17 2.5.11 Training of CAHWs and INGO Support ..................................................................17 2.5.12 Vaccination Programmes .....................................................................................17 2.5.13 Laboratory Facilities ............................................................................................19 2.5.14 ECHO Funded Activities .......................................................................................20 2.5.15 Human Resources Development...........................................................................20 2.5.16 Pilot Livestock Census Project ..............................................................................21 2.6 Lessons Learnt from EC Funded Projects .........................................................................22 3 Problem Analysis .................................................................................................... 23 3.1 Livestock Production......................................................................................................23 3.1.1 Feed Constraints and Rangeland Degradation........................................................24 3.1.2 Breeding Constraints ...........................................................................................25 Cardno Agrisystems Africa Ltd Page | i REVIEW AND IDENTIFICATION OF A LIVESTOCK SECTOR STRATEGY AND PROGRAMME TO ADDRESS FOOD INSECURITY AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN SOMALIA FINAL REPORT – MAY 2009 3.2 Animal Health ...............................................................................................................25 3.2.1 Inadequate Animal Health Care Service Delivery....................................................26 3.2.2 Trypanosomosis..................................................................................................26 3.2.3 Non-Availability of Veterinary Professionals ...........................................................26 3.2.4 Inadequate Drugs, Vaccines and Associated Cold Chains ........................................27 3.2.5 Inadequate Disease Surveillance and Diagnosis System..........................................27 3.3 Livestock Marketing, Trade and Diversification.................................................................27 3.3.1 Livestock Marketing ............................................................................................28 3.3.2 Municipal Slaughterhouses...................................................................................28 3.3.3 Cross Border Trade with Ethiopian Animals ...........................................................29 3.3.4 Meat Exports ......................................................................................................29 3.3.5 International Quality Standards............................................................................31 3.3.6 Trade Sensitive Diseases .....................................................................................32 3.4 Human Resource Development (HRD).............................................................................32 3.4.1 Inadequate Trained Human Resources .................................................................33 3.4.2 STVS .................................................................................................................34 3.5 Inadequate Data on Livestock Sector and Impact of EC Funded Projects............................34 3.5.1 Livestock Data....................................................................................................34 3.5.2 Assessing Impact of EC Funded Projects ...............................................................34 3.6 Policy and Institutional Set-Up........................................................................................35 3.6.1 Public and Private Sector Institutions....................................................................35 3.6.2 Livestock Policies and Strategies ..........................................................................36 3.6.3 Coordination.......................................................................................................36 3.6.4 Implementation Modalities...................................................................................38 4 EC Somali Livestock Programme for the Period 2009 - 2013................................. 39 4.1 Overall EC Policies.........................................................................................................39 4.2 General Criteria for Design of the Programme Priorities ....................................................39 4.3 Details of Priority Programme Areas................................................................................41 4.4 Monitoring and Evaluation..............................................................................................45 4.5 EC Interventions for the First Phase Period 2009 - 2010 ...................................................45 4.6 Compatibility of Priorities with the Strategic Approach and General Principles of EC Assistance ..........................................................................................................46 4.7 Implementation ............................................................................................................46 4.8 Modalities.....................................................................................................................48 4.9 Logical Framework and Indicators for Proposed Programme .............................................49 4.10 Justification,