INTRODUCED AQUATIC SPECIES IN CALIFORNIA OPEN COASTAL WATERS -2007 Final Report September 2008 California Department of Fish and Game Office of Spill Prevention and Response Moss Landing Marine Laboratories Marine Pollution Studies Laboratory 1 AUTHORS Erin R. Maloney, Russell Fairey, Ashleigh Lyman, Zea Walton, Marco Sigala Moss Landing Marine Laboratories/Marine Pollution Studies Laboratory This report should be cited as: Maloney, E., Fairey, R., Lyman, A., Walton, Z., Sigala, M. 2007. Introduced Aquatic Species in California’s Open Coastal Waters - 2007. Final Report. California Department of Fish and Game, Sacramento, CA., 84 pp. 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study was completed thanks to the efforts of the following individuals: California Department of Fish and Game: Project Management and Reporting Steve Foss, Michael Sowby, Peter Ode San Jose State University Foundation- Moss Landing Marine Laboratories Marine Pollution Studies Laboratory: Project oversight, field sampling, literature review and data analysis: Russell Fairey, Erin Maloney, Ashleigh Lyman, Mark Pranger, Marco Sigala, Cassandra Lamerdin, Zea Walton, Paul Tompkins, Kim Quaranta, Aurora Alifano, Selena McMillan, Jon Walsh, Jason Felton, Lewis Barnett, Vince Christian. Marine Benthic Ecology Laboratory: Project oversight, training, sample transfer, sorting and gross taxonomy, data entry: Aurora Alifano, Stepheni Ceperley, Cori Gibble, Kamille Hammerstrom, Andy Hansen, Scott Hansen, Brian Hoover, Erin Jensen, Jim Oakden, John Oliver, Sierra Perry, Jasmine Ruvalcaba, Jared von Schell , Peter Slattery, Brad Travers, Susan Walker. The following individuals contributed extensively to species identification and introduction status determinations (additional information listed in Appendix A): Kelvin Barwick, Christopher Brown, Don Cadien, Jack Engle, Jeff Goddard, Constance Gramlich, Nick Haring, Leslie Harris, Gordon Hendler, Gretchen Lambert, Welton Lee, John Ljubenkov, Valerie Macdonald, Kathy Ann Miller, Dorothy Norris, John Pearse, Tony Phillips, Rick Rowe, Eugene Ruff, Jared von Schell, Greg Schroeder, Jayson Smith, Peter Slattery, Timothy Stebbins. We would like to thank Jim Carlton, Paul Fofonoff, Kathy Ann Miller, Steve Murray, Clint Nelson, John Pearse, Peter Raimondi, Mark Readdie, and Kim Whiteside for personal communications contributed. We would also like to thank Jason Herum, Karl Menard, Joe Newman, Vikki Pearse and Devin Stephens for help during field sampling, often volunteering. The following people and institutions provided vessel transportation and support to survey sites: Shane Anderson (UCSB), Eric Bloom (CDFG), Jason Chance (CDFG), Mark Crossland (CDFG), Bob Farrell (CDFG), Jeff Heitzenrater (CDFG), Dennis McKiver (CDFG), Skyli McAfee and Henry Fastenau (UCD), Steve Pengilley and Gery Cox (Tenera), Trevor Oudin (USC), Christoph Pierre (UCSB). Thanks to the following institutions for access to field sites: Bodega Marine Reserve (UCD), Point Reyes National Seashore (NPS), Fitzgerald marine Reserve (CDFG), Ano Nuevo State Reserve, Montana de Oro State Park, Vandenberg Air Force Base, Carpinteria State Park, Diablo Canyon (PG&E), Paradise Cove (private), Cabrillo Marine Reserve (Cabrillo Marine Aquarium), Dana Point Marine life Reserve (Ocean Institute), Cabrillo National Monument (NPS). Thanks to the following photographers for sharing species photographs: Leslie Harris, Gordon Hendler, Robert Keen and MarLIN, Welton Lee, Kathy Ann Miller, Gregory Schroeder, Luis Solarzano and San Francisco Estuary Institute, and Paul Valentich-Scott and the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES.......................................................................................................................................................5 LIST OF FIGURES.....................................................................................................................................................6 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................................7 OUTER COAST SURVEY SITES..................................................................................................................................10 Site Selection......................................................................................................................................................10 Point Saint George.............................................................................................................................................10 Cape Mendocino ................................................................................................................................................10 Shelter Cove.......................................................................................................................................................10 Point Arena ........................................................................................................................................................11 Bodega ...............................................................................................................................................................11 Point Reyes.........................................................................................................................................................11 Fitzgerald...........................................................................................................................................................13 Pigeon Point.......................................................................................................................................................13 Ano Nuevo..........................................................................................................................................................13 Point Sur ............................................................................................................................................................13 Point Sierra Nevada...........................................................................................................................................13 Diablo Cove .......................................................................................................................................................14 Purisima Point ...................................................................................................................................................14 Point Conception................................................................................................................................................14 Arroyo Hondo ....................................................................................................................................................16 Carpinteria.........................................................................................................................................................16 Point Dume ........................................................................................................................................................16 Point Fermin ......................................................................................................................................................16 Dana Point.........................................................................................................................................................16 Pin Rock, Catalina Island ..................................................................................................................................17 Point La Jolla.....................................................................................................................................................17 Point Loma.........................................................................................................................................................17 METHODS.................................................................................................................................................................19 SUMMARY OF INTRODUCTION STATUS DETERMINATIONS.......................................................................................19 SUMMARY OF SAMPLING DESIGN ............................................................................................................................19 Field Protocol Design........................................................................................................................................19 SUMMARY OF FIELD SAMPLING METHODS ..............................................................................................................20 Sampling Vessel .................................................................................................................................................20 Epifaunal Sample Collection..............................................................................................................................20 Infaunal Sample Collection................................................................................................................................22 Grain Size Sample Collection ............................................................................................................................22 Field Abundance Measurements of NIS Algae...................................................................................................23