<p>Measurement and Analysis of <br>Walkability in Hong Kong </p><p>By: <br>Michael Audi, Kathryn Byorkman, Alison Couture, Suzanne Najem <br>ZRH006 </p><p>Measurement and Analysis of <br>Walkability in Hong Kong </p><p>An Interactive Qualifying Project Report <br>Submitted to the faculty of the Worcester Polytechnic Institute <br>In partial fulfillment of the requirements for <br>Degree of Bachelor of Science <br>In cooperation with Designing Kong Hong, Ltd. and <br>The Harbour Business Forum <br>On March 4, 2010 </p><p></p><ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">Submitted by: </li><li style="flex:1">Submitted to: </li></ul><p></p><ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">Paul Zimmerman </li><li style="flex:1">Michael Audi </li></ul><p>Kathryn Byorkman Alison Couture Suzanne Najem <br>Margaret Brooke Dr. Sujata Govada Roger Nissim Professor Robert Kinicki Professor Zhikun Hou </p><p>ii | P a g e </p><p>Abstract </p><p>Though Hong Kong’s Victoria Harbour is world-renowned, the harbor front districts are far from walkable. The WPI team surveyed 16 waterfront districts, four in-depth, assessing their walkability using a tool created by the research team and conducted preference surveys to understand the perceptions of Hong Kong pedestrians. Because pedestrians value the shortest, safest, least-crowded, and easiest to navigate routes, this study found that confusing routes, unsafe or indirect connections, and a lack of amenities detract from the walkability in Hong Kong. This report provides new data concerning the walkability in harbor front districts and a tool to measure it, along with recommendations for potential improvements. </p><p>iii | P a g e </p><p>Acknowledgements </p><p>Our team would like to thank the many people that helped us over the course of this project. First, we would like to thank our sponsors Paul Zimmerman, Dr. Sujata Govada, Margaret Brooke, and Roger Nissim for their help and dedication throughout our project and for providing all of the resources and contacts that we required. </p><p>We would like to thank the staff at Designing Hong Kong and The Harbour Business Forum for their support, insight, and assistance with the project. </p><p>We would also like to thank Brenda Fung for her time and effort spent organizing meetings, finding extra office space and collecting information. </p><p>In addition, the team would like to thank Eva Tam for her translation skills for our survey and Rita Fu, and Stone Zheng for volunteering their time to help administer the survey. </p><p>Finally, we would like to thank our Worcester Polytechnic Institute advisors, Zhikun Hou and Professors Robert Kinicki, for their generous advice and continuous support throughout this project. </p><p>iv | P a g e </p><p>Table of Authorship </p><p><a href="#3_0"><strong>Abstract...............................................................................................................................B</strong></a><strong>yorkman </strong><a href="#4_0"><strong>Acknowledgements............................................................................................................................. </strong></a><a href="#5_0"><strong>Table of Authorship ............................................................................................................................ </strong></a><a href="#14_0"><strong>Executive Summary..............................................................................................................B</strong></a><strong>yorkman </strong><a href="#19_0"><strong>1.0 </strong></a><a href="#22_0"><strong>2.0 </strong></a><br><a href="#19_0"><strong>Introduction ..................................................................................................... N</strong></a><strong>ajem,Couture </strong><a href="#22_0"><strong>Background ..............................................................................................................B</strong></a><strong>yorkman </strong></p><p></p><ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1"><a href="#22_1">U</a><a href="#22_1">RBAN </a><a href="#22_1">P</a><a href="#22_1">LANNING</a><a href="#22_1">........................................................................................................................................A</a>UDI </li><li style="flex:1"><a href="#22_1">2.1. </a></li></ul><p></p><p><a href="#22_2"><em>2.1.1. </em></a><a href="#23_0"><em>2.1.2. </em></a><br><a href="#22_2"><em>Government Policy on Urban Planning of the Harbor Front.......................................................... Au</em></a><em>di </em><a href="#23_0"><em>Vehicular Transportation............................................................................................................... Au</em></a><em>di </em><a href="#23_1"><em>Public Transit ................................................................................................................................. Au</em></a><em>di </em><a href="#24_0"><em>Foot Travel..................................................................................................................................... Au</em></a><em>di </em></p><p><a href="#24_1">W</a><a href="#24_1">ALKABILITY</a><a href="#24_1">...............................................................................................................................................A</a>UDI </p><p><a href="#25_0"><em>Definition of Walkability..............................................................................................</em></a><a href="#25_0"><em>.</em></a><a href="#25_0"><em>A</em></a><a href="#25_0"><em>u</em></a><em>di,Byokrman </em><a href="#25_1"><em>Importance of Walkin</em></a><a href="#25_1"><em>g</em></a><a href="#25_1"><em>.</em></a><a href="#25_1"><em>........................................................................................................ By</em></a><em>orkman </em><a href="#27_0"><em>Walkability Studies ....................................................................................................By</em></a><em>orkman,Najem </em><a href="#29_0"><em>How to Measure Walkability ............................................................................ Au</em></a><em>di,Najem,Byorkman </em></p><p><a href="#30_0">W</a><a href="#30_0">ALKABILITY IN </a><a href="#30_0">H</a><a href="#30_0">ISTORIC </a><a href="#30_0">C</a><a href="#30_0">ITIES</a><a href="#30_0">...............................................................................................................C</a>OUTURE </p><p><a href="#0_0"><em>Boston, Massachusetts.............................................................................................................C</em></a><em>outure </em><a href="#0_1"><em>Shanghai, China........................................................................................................................C</em></a><em>outure </em><a href="#0_2"><em>New York City, New York ..........................................................................................................C</em></a><em>outure </em><a href="#0_0"><em>Singapore..................................................................................................................................C</em></a><em>outure </em><a href="#0_3"><em>Similarities to Walkability in Hong Kong ....................................................................................... Au</em></a><em>di </em><a href="#0_4"><em>Uniqueness of Walkability in Hong Kong....................................................................................... Au</em></a><em>di </em></p><p><a href="#0_5">H</a><a href="#0_5">ONG </a><a href="#0_5">K</a><a href="#0_5">ONG </a><a href="#0_5">.........................................................................................................................................C</a>OUTURE </p><p><a href="#0_0"><em>History and City Development ..................................................................................................C</em></a><em>outure </em><a href="#0_0"><em>Land Reclamatio</em></a><a href="#0_0"><em>n</em></a><a href="#0_0"><em>.</em></a><a href="#0_0"><em>....................................................................................................................C</em></a><em>outure </em><a href="#0_6"><em>Geography ................................................................................................................N</em></a><em>ajem, Byorkman </em><a href="#0_0"><em>Attraction</em></a><a href="#0_0"><em>s</em></a><a href="#0_0"><em>.</em></a><a href="#0_0"><em>...............................................................................................................N</em></a><em>ajem, Byokrman </em><a href="#0_7"><em>Studies on Walkability in Hong Kong.......................................................................................... N</em></a><em>ajem </em><a href="#0_8"><em>Walkability in Hong Kong ..................................................................................................... By</em></a><em>orkamn </em><br><a href="#23_1"><em>2.1.3. </em></a><a href="#24_0"><em>2.1.4. </em></a></p><p><a href="#24_1">2.2. </a></p><p><a href="#25_0"><em>2.2.1. </em></a><a href="#25_1"><em>2.2.2. </em></a><a href="#27_0"><em>2.2.3. </em></a><a href="#29_0"><em>2.2.4. </em></a></p><p><a href="#30_0">2.3. </a></p><p><a href="#0_0"><em>2.3.1. </em></a><a href="#0_1"><em>2.3.2. </em></a><a href="#0_2"><em>2.3.3. </em></a><a href="#0_0"><em>2.3.4. </em></a><a href="#0_3"><em>2.3.5. </em></a><a href="#0_4"><em>2.3.6. </em></a></p><p><a href="#0_5">2.4. </a></p><p><a href="#0_0"><em>2.4.1. </em></a><a href="#0_0"><em>2.4.2. </em></a><a href="#0_6"><em>2.4.3. </em></a><a href="#0_0"><em>2.4.4. </em></a><a href="#0_7"><em>2.4.5. </em></a><a href="#0_8"><em>2.4.6. </em></a></p><p></p><ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1"><a href="#0_0"><strong>3.0 </strong></a></li><li style="flex:1"><a href="#0_0"><strong>Methodolog</strong></a><a href="#0_0"><strong>y</strong></a><a href="#0_0"><strong>.</strong></a><a href="#0_0"><strong>................................................................................................................... Aud</strong></a><strong>i </strong></li></ul><p></p><p><a href="#0_9">3.1. </a></p><p><a href="#0_0"><em>3.1.1. </em></a><a href="#0_10"><em>3.1.2. </em></a><a href="#0_11"><em>3.1.3. </em></a><a href="#0_0"><em>3.1.4. </em></a></p><p><a href="#0_12">3.2. </a></p><p><a href="#0_13"><em>3.2.1. </em></a></p><p><a href="#0_9">P</a><a href="#0_9">RELIMINARY </a><a href="#0_9">W</a><a href="#0_9">ALKABILITY </a><a href="#0_9">A</a><a href="#0_9">NALYSIS </a><a href="#0_9">..........................................................................................................</a><a href="#0_9">.</a><a href="#0_9">N</a>AJEM </p><p><a href="#0_0"><em>Preliminary Evaluation Rubric .................................................................................................... N</em></a><em>ajem </em><a href="#0_10"><em>Definitions of Preliminary Evaluation Rubric Metrics ................................................................. N</em></a><em>ajem </em><a href="#0_11"><em>Execution of Preliminary Evaluatio</em></a><a href="#0_11"><em>n</em></a><a href="#0_11"><em>.</em></a><a href="#0_11"><em>.......................................................................................... N</em></a><em>ajem </em><a href="#0_0"><em>Data Analysis of Preliminary Walkability Observations ................................................................ Au</em></a><em>di </em></p><p><a href="#0_12">S</a><a href="#0_12">URVEY </a><a href="#0_12">................................................................................................................................................C</a>OUTURE </p><p><a href="#0_13"><em>Pedestrian Route Selection at the Tsim Sha Tsui Harbor Front Surve</em></a><a href="#0_13"><em>y</em></a><a href="#0_13"><em>.</em></a><a href="#0_13"><em>....................................C</em></a><em>outure </em></p><p>v | P a g e </p><p><a href="#0_14"><em>3.2.2. </em></a><a href="#0_15"><em>3.2.3. </em></a></p><p><a href="#0_16">3.3. </a></p><p><a href="#0_14"><em>Pedestrian Perception of Walkability Surve</em></a><a href="#0_14"><em>y</em></a><a href="#0_14"><em>.</em></a><a href="#0_14"><em>...........................................................................C</em></a><em>outure </em><a href="#0_15"><em>Survey Data Processing ................................................................................................................. Au</em></a><em>di </em></p><p><a href="#0_16">I</a><a href="#0_16">N</a><a href="#0_16">-</a><a href="#0_16">DEPTH </a><a href="#0_16">W</a><a href="#0_16">ALKABILITY </a><a href="#0_16">M</a><a href="#0_16">ETHODOLOGY</a><a href="#0_16">.....................................................................................................C</a>OUTURE </p><p><a href="#0_17"><em>Final Walkability Criteria ..........................................................................................................C</em></a><em>outure </em><a href="#0_18"><em>In-depth Data Processing .............................................................................................................. Au</em></a><em>di </em><a href="#0_19"><em>Walking Map .............................................................................................................................. N</em></a><em>ajem </em><a href="#0_10"><em>Recommendation</em></a><a href="#0_10"><em>s</em></a><a href="#0_10"><em>.</em></a><a href="#0_10"><em>........................................................................................................................ Au</em></a><em>di </em><br><a href="#0_17"><em>3.3.1. </em></a><a href="#0_18"><em>3.3.2. </em></a><a href="#0_19"><em>3.3.3. </em></a><a href="#0_10"><em>3.3.4. </em></a></p><p></p><ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1"><a href="#0_0"><strong>4.0 </strong></a></li><li style="flex:1"><a href="#0_0"><strong>Results......................................................................................................................... C</strong></a><strong>outure </strong></li></ul><p></p><p></p><ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1"><a href="#0_20">4.1. </a></li><li style="flex:1"><a href="#0_20">P</a><a href="#0_20">RELIMINARY </a><a href="#0_20">W</a><a href="#0_20">ALKING </a><a href="#0_20">R</a><a href="#0_20">UBRICS </a><a href="#0_20">...........................................................................................................B</a>YORKMAN </li></ul><p></p><p><a href="#0_0">P</a><a href="#0_0">EDESTRIAN </a><a href="#0_0">R</a><a href="#0_0">OUTE </a><a href="#0_0">S</a><a href="#0_0">ELECTION AT THE </a><a href="#0_0">T</a><a href="#0_0">SIM </a><a href="#0_0">S</a><a href="#0_0">HA </a><a href="#0_0">T</a><a href="#0_0">SUI </a><a href="#0_0">H</a><a href="#0_0">ARBOR </a><a href="#0_0">F</a><a href="#0_0">RONT </a><a href="#0_0">S</a><a href="#0_0">URVEY </a><a href="#0_0">................................................C</a>OUTURE </p><p><a href="#0_0">P</a><a href="#0_0">EDESTRIAN </a><a href="#0_0">P</a><a href="#0_0">ERCEPTION OF </a><a href="#0_0">W</a><a href="#0_0">ALKABILITY </a><a href="#0_0">S</a><a href="#0_0">URVEY </a><a href="#0_0">............................................................................................A</a>UDI <a href="#0_21">I</a><a href="#0_21">N</a><a href="#0_21">-</a><a href="#0_21">DEPTH </a><a href="#0_21">D</a><a href="#0_21">ISTRICT </a><a href="#0_21">A</a><a href="#0_21">NALYSIS </a><a href="#0_21">................................................................................................................B</a>YORKMAN <br><a href="#0_0">4.2. </a><a href="#0_0">4.3. </a><a href="#0_21">4.4. </a></p><p><a href="#0_1"><em>4.4.1. </em></a><a href="#0_22"><em>4.4.2. </em></a><a href="#0_0"><em>4.4.3. </em></a><a href="#0_0"><em>4.4.4. </em></a><br><a href="#0_1"><em>Yau Ma Tei............................................................................................................................ By</em></a><em>orkman </em><a href="#0_22"><em>Tsim Sha Tsui ........................................................................................................................ By</em></a><em>orkman </em><a href="#0_0"><em>Wan Chai .................................................................................................................................... N</em></a><em>ajem </em><a href="#0_0"><em>Sai Ying Pun ................................................................................................................................ N</em></a><em>ajem </em></p><p></p><ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1"><a href="#0_0"><strong>5.0 </strong></a></li><li style="flex:1"><a href="#0_0"><strong>Recommendation</strong></a><a href="#0_0"><strong>s</strong></a><a href="#0_0"><strong>.</strong></a><a href="#0_0"><strong>........................................................................................................ N</strong></a><strong>ajem </strong></li></ul><p></p><p><a href="#0_23">5.1. </a></p><p><a href="#0_24"><em>5.1.1. </em></a><a href="#0_25"><em>5.1.2. </em></a><a href="#0_26"><em>5.1.3. </em></a><a href="#0_0"><em>5.1.4. </em></a></p><p><a href="#0_27">5.2. </a><a href="#0_28">5.3. </a><br><a href="#0_23">R</a><a href="#0_23">OUTE </a><a href="#0_23">R</a><a href="#0_23">ECOMMENDATIONS </a><a href="#0_23">.................................................................................................................B</a>YORKMAN </p><p><a href="#0_24"><em>Yau Ma Tei............................................................................................................................ By</em></a><em>orkman </em><a href="#0_25"><em>Tsim Sha Tsui ................................................................................................................................. Au</em></a><em>di </em><a href="#0_26"><em>Wan Chai ..................................................................................................................................C</em></a><em>outure </em><a href="#0_0"><em>Sai Ying Pun ................................................................................................................................ N</em></a><em>ajem </em></p><p><a href="#0_27">G</a><a href="#0_27">ENERAL </a><a href="#0_27">R</a><a href="#0_27">ECOMMENDATION</a><a href="#0_27">S</a><a href="#0_27">.................................................................................................................C</a>OUTURE <a href="#0_28">WAT R</a><a href="#0_28">ECOMMENDATIONS FOR </a><a href="#0_28">F</a><a href="#0_28">UTURE </a><a href="#0_28">I</a><a href="#0_28">MPROVEMENTS</a><a href="#0_28">....................................................................................A</a>UDI </p><p></p><ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1"><a href="#0_0"><strong>6.0 </strong></a></li><li style="flex:1"><a href="#0_0"><strong>Conclusio</strong></a><a href="#0_0"><strong>n</strong></a><a href="#0_0"><strong>.</strong></a><a href="#0_0"><strong>.................................................................................................................... N</strong></a><strong>ajem </strong></li></ul><p><a href="#0_0"><strong>References and Bibliography ................................................................................................... C</strong></a><strong>outure Appendix.........................................................................................................................................Audi </strong></p><p><strong>A. Sponsor&nbsp;Descriptions ................................................................................................................... </strong></p><p>A.1. A.2. <br>DESIGNING HONG KONG .......................................................................................................BYORKMAN, COUTURE HARBOUR BUSINESS FORUM .......................................................................................................................NAJEM </p><p><strong>B. Interview&nbsp;Protocol for Interview with Suzanne LePage .......................................................... Audi C. Interview&nbsp;with Suzanne LePage.......................................................................................... Najem D. District&nbsp;Maps............................................................................................................................... </strong></p><p>D.1. D.2. D.3. D.4. <br>GOOGLE EARTH MAP OF 16 HARBOR FRONT DISTRICTS ......................................................................................AUDI GOOGLE EARTH MAP OF THE 4 CHOSEN DISTRICTS.............................................................................................AUDI GOOGLE MAP OF THE 16 CHOSEN ROUTES.......................................................................................................AUDI YAU MA TEI DISTRICT MAPS................................................................................................................................. </p><p><em>D.4.1. D.4.2. </em><br><em>Yau Ma Tei Route 1: .................................................................................................... . B yorkman,Audi Yau Ma Tei Route 2: .................................................................................................... Byorkman, Audi </em></p><p>vi | P a g e </p><p><em>D.4.3. D.4.4. </em><br><em>Yau Ma Tei Route 3: .................................................................................................... . B yorkman,Audi Yau Ma Tei Route 4: .................................................................................................... . B yorkman,Audi </em></p><p>D.5. </p><p><em>D.5.1. D.5.2. </em></p><p>TSIM SHA TSUI DISTRICT MAPS ............................................................................................................................. </p><p><em>Tsim Sha Tsui Route 1 : . ................................................................................................ . B yorkman,Audi Tsim Sha Tsui Route 2 : . ................................................................................................ . B yorkman,Audi Tsim Sha Tsui Route 3 : . ................................................................................................ . B yorkman,Audi Tsim Sha Tsui Route 4 : . ................................................................................................ . B yorkman,Audi </em><br><em>D.5.3. D.5.4. </em></p><p>D.6. </p><p><em>D.6.1. D.6.2. </em></p><p>SAI YING PUN DISTRICT MAPS............................................................................................................................... </p><p><em>Sai Ying Pun Route 1:........................................................................................................Couture,Audi Sai Ying Pun Route 2:........................................................................................................Couture,Audi Sai Ying Pun Route 3:........................................................................................................Couture,Audi Sai Ying Pun Route 4:........................................................................................................Couture,Audi </em><br><em>D.6.3. D.6.4. </em></p>