ENHANCED DISTRIBUTED MULTIMEDIA SERVICES USING ADVANCED NETWORK TECHNOLOGIES By SUNGWOOK CHUNG A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2010 °c 2010 Sungwook Chung 2 Dedicated to my family 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank all people who provided me with their help during my Ph.D years. First of all, I would like to thank my advisor, Dr. Jonathan C.L. Liu for all his support and encouragement. Without his constant inspiration, this dissertation would not have been possible. The discussion with him on any topic has also made me pleasant and relaxed. I am also grateful to my supervisory committee members, Dr. Shigang Chen, Dr. Douglas D. Dankel II, Dr. Paul Fishwick, and Dr. Paul W. Chun for their invaluable suggestions and comments for my research. In addition, I would thank all my Korean friends and families who shared happy memories in Gainesville. Last but not least, I truly appreciate my parents, Sangkab Chung and Malnam Seo, who have been supporting me and have always stood behind me for my whole life, heartfeltly believing in me without any doubt even at a moment. I also appreciate my sister, Kyungae Chung, who has pleasantly helped me out with her warm heart all the time. I would also like to thank all my family members and friends in Korea. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................. 4 LIST OF TABLES ...................................... 7 LIST OF FIGURES ..................................... 8 LIST OF ALGORITHMS .................................. 10 ABSTRACT ......................................... 11 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ................................... 13 1.1 Overview .................................... 13 1.2 Problem Nature ................................. 18 1.2.1 Problem Definitions and Requirements ................ 18 1.2.2 Proposed Schemes ........................... 18 1.2.2.1 Design of Multiple-Loop Architecture ............ 19 1.2.2.2 An Efficient Storage Scheme ................ 20 1.2.2.3 A Practically Constructible Multiple-Loop Architecture .. 21 1.3 Technical Background ............................. 22 1.3.1 Multimedia-enabled Small Area Network ............... 22 1.3.2 Fiber Channel Arbitration Loop .................... 23 1.4 Outline of Dissertation ............................. 24 2 A SCALABLE PVR-BASED CONTENT SHARING ARCHITECTURE ...... 26 2.1 Motivation .................................... 26 2.2 Related Work .................................. 28 2.3 A Scalable TV Content Sharing Architecture ................. 30 2.3.1 Single Loop Architecture ........................ 30 2.3.2 Multiple Loop Architecture ....................... 31 2.4 Design of a Scalable Loop Topology ..................... 32 2.4.1 Linear Topology ............................. 34 2.4.2 Ring Topology .............................. 36 2.4.3 Complete Topology ........................... 37 2.4.4 Edge-Added Topology ......................... 38 2.4.5 Multiple-Interfaced Shared Disks ................... 38 2.5 Experimental Evaluation ............................ 42 2.5.1 Scalability Comparison among Different Topologies ......... 42 2.5.2 Impact of the Number of Interfaces per Disk ............. 45 2.6 Summary .................................... 46 5 3 A STORAGE SAVING SCHEME TO SHARE HD-QUALITY CONTENT ..... 48 3.1 Motivation .................................... 48 3.2 Related Work .................................. 49 3.3 TV Content Distribution Architecture for Community Networks ....... 50 3.4 Extending Content Storage Hours ...................... 53 3.4.1 Design Issues for Storage Efficiency ................. 54 3.4.2 Impact of Duplicated Storage of Programs .............. 54 3.4.3 Storage Saving Schemes ....................... 57 3.4.4 Replacement Schemes ........................ 59 3.5 Experimental Evaluation ............................ 61 3.5.1 Effectiveness of Proposed Schemes in a Single Loop ........ 62 3.5.2 Effectiveness of Proposed Schemes in Multiple Loops ....... 63 3.5.3 Effectiveness of Our Proposed Architecture ............. 67 3.5.4 Impact of PVRs’ Storage Portion for Time-Shifting .......... 67 3.5.5 Impact of Storage Capacity ...................... 68 3.6 Summary .................................... 69 4 AN MST-BASED NETWORK ARCHITECTURE FOR SHARING BROADCAST TV PROGRAMS ................................... 71 4.1 Motivation .................................... 71 4.2 Related Work .................................. 73 4.3 TV Content-Sharing Architecture ....................... 73 4.3.1 Multiple Loop Architecture ....................... 73 4.4 Enhanced Multiple-loop Network Architecture ................ 78 4.4.1 Overview ................................ 78 4.5 Problem Definition and Formulation ..................... 80 4.5.1 Problem Statement ........................... 80 4.5.2 Minimum Spanning Tree ........................ 83 4.5.3 Minimum Spanning Tree-based Graph ................ 84 4.6 Performance Evaluations ........................... 87 4.6.1 Average Loop Size ........................... 89 4.6.2 Total Traffic and Average Reject Ratio ................ 90 4.7 Summary .................................... 92 5 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK ...................... 94 REFERENCES ....................................... 97 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH ................................ 104 6 LIST OF TABLES Table page 2-1 Traffic on each edge in a six loop linear topology ................. 35 2-2 Traffic on each edge in a six loop ring topology .................. 36 2-3 m values in the complete topology ......................... 39 2-4 Simulation parameters ................................ 41 3-1 PVRs’ Contributable Storage in the PVR-based FC-AL system ......... 56 3-2 Symbols for replacement algorithms ........................ 58 3-3 Simulation parameters ................................ 62 3-4 The ratio of pvrs and network disks in a community network ........... 66 4-1 Simulation parameters ................................ 88 7 LIST OF FIGURES Figure page 1-1 Overview of TV content broadcasting and sharing system ............ 15 2-1 Overall TV content distribution architecture .................... 29 2-2 Examples of multiple loop architectures ...................... 31 2-3 Examples of topology with six loops ........................ 33 2-4 Examples of complete topologies using multiple-interfaced shared disks .... 40 2-5 Total traffic of different topologies according to the number of loops ....... 43 2-6 Number of shared disks required by different topologies according to the number of loops ........................................ 44 2-7 Number of attached devices of different topologies according to the number of loops ........................................ 44 2-8 Number of attached devices in the complete topology according to the number of interfaces per disk ................................. 46 2-9 Average block overhead time according to the number of interfaces per disk . 47 3-1 Examples of multiple loop architectures ...................... 52 3-2 Probability of storing each program according to its popularity .......... 55 3-3 Effects of PVRs and network disks ......................... 64 3-4 Effects of Palive and threshold ............................ 65 3-5 Effectiveness of our proposed architecture ..................... 66 3-6 Impact of PVRs’ storage portion for time-shifting ................. 68 3-7 Impact of storage capacity .............................. 69 4-1 Overall TV content distribution architecture .................... 74 4-2 How to relay a TV program using shared disks in a triple-loop .......... 76 4-3 Examples of CG, MST, and MSG architectures .................. 79 4-4 MST formulations .................................. 82 4-5 MSG formulations .................................. 84 4-6 Flowchart for load-balanced MSG ......................... 86 8 4-7 Impact on average setup time in a double-loop .................. 89 4-8 Average loop size .................................. 90 4-9 Total traffic and average reject ratio ......................... 91 9 LIST OF ALGORITHMS Algorithm page 3-1 Program placement algorithm (input: new program) ............... 59 3-2 Replacement algorithm for PVRs (input: new program) ............. 60 3-3 Replacement algorithm for network disks (input: new program) ......... 61 10 Abstract of Dissertation Presented to the Graduate School of the University of Florida in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy ENHANCED DISTRIBUTED MULTIMEDIA SERVICES USING ADVANCED NETWORK TECHNOLOGIES By Sungwook Chung August 2010 Chair: Jonathan C.L. Liu Major: Computer Engineering A variety of enhanced multimedia services, including multimedia live streaming and high-quality content sharing, have been enabled by the recent advances in network, storage, and compression technologies. Especially, the improvement of the network technologies has allowed the organization of a peer-to-peer (P2P) network where people can easily share their content with others. Integrated with the progress in multimedia technology, the advent of new electronic devices has accelerated to achieve those advanced multimedia services efficiently. In particular, a personal video recorder (PVR), one of those electronic devices, has emerged as an effective peer device in a P2P network, since it can store broadcast TV programs on its own embedded hard disk. In this dissertation, we develop an efficient network