2011 Wisconsin Airport Land Use Guidebook Bureau of Aeronautics Wisconsin Department of Transportation 6/1/2011 ii This page intentionally left blank Wisconsin Airport Land Use Guidebook June 2011 Wisconsin Department of Transportation iii Wisconsin Airport Land Use Guidebook Preface Welcome to the Wisconsin Airport Land Use Guidebook (2011 edition). This revised guidebook is designed to help communities and airports work cooperatively to plan for and establish compatible land use around airports and work towards mitigating existing incompatible conditions. Land use compatibility is a significant, yet often unrecognized, factor in aviation safety. When asked to describe an airport safety-related matter, many people refer to the perimeter fencing or the security checkpoint within an air carrier airport. Seldom does the average citizen recognize that bright lights, residential developments, wetlands, and tall towers pose hazards to airports, their users, and nearby residents. The goal of this guidebook is to protect communities and airports from incompatible land use that could negatively affect the safe operation of airports and pose hazardous consequences to the public. In this guidebook, stakeholders will find information and resources that may help them direct the future development of their communities and airports. Stakeholders who might find this guidebook useful include airport and community planners; airport owners and managers; zoning administrators; local, state, and regional agency officials; developers; legislators; and the general public. Wisconsin Airport Land Use Guidebook June 2011 iv Contents List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................... vi Chapter 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 1 Purpose of this Guidebook ........................................................................................................................ 2 Importance of the Aviation Industry ......................................................................................................... 3 Classification and Distribution of Wisconsin’s Airports ............................................................................ 5 Summary ................................................................................................................................................... 8 Chapter 2 The Importance of Establishing Compatible Land Use around Airports .................................... 10 Safety Concerns ...................................................................................................................................... 10 FAA Safety Standards .............................................................................................................................. 17 Noise Concerns ....................................................................................................................................... 24 FAA Noise Standards ............................................................................................................................... 26 Summary ................................................................................................................................................. 27 Chapter 3 Land Use Incompatibility Concerns ............................................................................................ 28 Safety-Related Concerns ......................................................................................................................... 28 Noise-Related Concerns .......................................................................................................................... 32 Summary ................................................................................................................................................. 32 Chapter 4 Land Use Regulations and Guidance .......................................................................................... 34 Federal Laws and Policies ....................................................................................................................... 34 State Laws and Policies ........................................................................................................................... 37 Summary ................................................................................................................................................. 42 Chapter 5 Roles and Responsibilities for Establishing Compatible Land Use ............................................. 43 Federal Government ............................................................................................................................... 43 State Government and Regional Organizations ...................................................................................... 45 Local Governments ................................................................................................................................. 46 Airport Owners and Managers ............................................................................................................... 47 Airport Users ........................................................................................................................................... 47 Citizens .................................................................................................................................................... 48 Summary ................................................................................................................................................. 49 Chapter 6 Techniques for Establishing Compatible Land Use .................................................................... 50 Planning and Zoning Tools ...................................................................................................................... 50 Natural Feature Techniques .................................................................................................................... 52 Wisconsin Airport Land Use Guidebook June 2011 Wisconsin Department of Transportation v Wisconsin Airport Land Use Guidebook Land Acquisition and Agreement Techniques ........................................................................................ 57 Noise Mitigation ...................................................................................................................................... 61 Summary ................................................................................................................................................. 62 Summary ..................................................................................................................................................... 66 Appendix A: Additional Land Use Regulations and Guidance ..................................................................... 67 Planning-Related Regulations and Guidance .......................................................................................... 67 Environment-Related Regulations and Guidance ................................................................................... 68 Land Acquisition-Related Regulations and Guidance ............................................................................. 73 Noise-Related Regulations and Guidance ............................................................................................... 74 Case Law .................................................................................................................................................. 75 Appendix B: Sample Land Use Ordinances ................................................................................................. 76 Appendix C: Agency Contacts ..................................................................................................................... 78 Glossary ....................................................................................................................................................... 81 Acronyms .................................................................................................................................................... 92 Reference .................................................................................................................................................... 93 Wisconsin Airport Land Use Guidebook June 2011 vi List of Tables Table 1-1: Total 2002 Economic Significance of the Aviation Industry in Wisconsin ................................... 5 Table 1-2: NPIAS Airport Functional Categories ........................................................................................... 6 Table 1-3: Wisconsin Airports in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems (NPIAS) ........................ 7 Table 1-4: Wisconsin Airport Functional Categories ..................................................................................... 8 Table 2-1: General Aviation and Commercial Aircraft Accident Data ......................................................... 12 Table 2-2: Accidents by Phase of Operation: U.S. General Aviation Aircraft .............................................. 13 Table 2-3: Accidents by Phase of Operation: Air Carriers ........................................................................... 13 Table 2-4: Most Common Causes of Commercial Service Aviation Accidents ..........................................