Contents Editorial Improving evidence informed policy-making for health in the Eastern Mediterranean Region .......................... 793 Research articles Independent prescription of medicines and diagnostic test advice by final year medical students in Punjab .................................................................................................................................................................... 795 Challenges impeding integration of oral health into primary health care .............................................................802 Eastern Mediterranean Caractérisation génétique du sous-groupe Maculipennis (Diptera : Culicidae) au Maroc : un outil fondamental pour lutter contre le paludisme ................................................................................................................................809 Health Journal Assessment of the quality of life in patients on haemodialysis in Iraq ....................................................................815 Trend and seroprevalence of Epstein–Barr virus in Bahrain: 2001–2015 ..................................................................821 Investigation of breastfeeding training based on BASNEF model on the intensity of postpartum blues .............830 La Revue de Santé de Volume 23 Number 12 23 Number Volume Changes in dietary habits and physical activity and status of metabolic syndrome among expatriates la Méditerranée orientale in Saudi Arabia ...........................................................................................................................................................836 Réflexions éthiques sur le principe de l’autonomie du patient .............................................................................. 845 .......................................................850 December 2017 December تقييم فاعلية التطعيم ضدّ التهاب الكبد الفريويس البائي لدى مرىض نقل الدم املتكرر يف سوريا Commentary The forgotten history of pre-modern epidemiology: contribution of Ibn An-Nafis in the Islamic golden era .... 854 WHO events addressing public health priorities Redesigning the integrated approach to child health in line with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals ..................................................................................................................................................858 A sound understanding of the context in which health systems must operate is essential in order to formulate effective policy-making, which can only be realized through the very best research evidence available, and is a priority for the many critical situations present in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. املجلد الثالث والعرشون / عدد Volume 23 / No. 12 12 ديسمرب/كانون اﻷول December/Décembre 2017 Cover 23-12.indd 5-7 2/26/2018 7:37:37 AM Members of the WHO Regional Committee for the Eastern Mediterranean املجلة الصحية لرشق املتوسط Afghanistan . Bahrain . Djibouti . Egypt . Islamic Republic of Iran . Iraq . Jordan . Kuwait . Lebanon هى املجلة الرسمية التى تصدر عن املكتب اﻹقليمى لرشق املتوسط بمنظمة الصحة العاملية. وهى منرب لتقديم السياسات Libya . Morocco . Oman . Pakistan . Palestine . Qatar . Saudi Arabia . Somalia . Sudan . Syrian Arab واملبادرات اجلديدة ىف اخلدمات الصحية والرتويج هلا، ولتبادل اﻵراء واملفاهيم واملعطيات الوبائية ونتائج اﻷبحاث وغري Republic . Tunisia . United Arab Emirates . Yemen ذلك من املعلومات، وخاصة ما يتعلق منها بإقليم رشق املتوسط. وهى موجهة إىل كل أعضاء املهن الصحية، والكليات الطبية وسائر املعاهد التعليمية، وكذا املنظامت غري احلكومية املعنية، واملراكز املتعاونة مع منظمة الصحة العاملية واﻷفراد املهتمني بالصحة ىف اﻹقليم وخارجه. EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN HEALTH JOURNAL البلدان أعضاء اللجنة اﻹقليمية ملنظمة الصحة العاملية لرشق املتوسط IS the official health journal published by the Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office of the World Health Organization. It is a forum for the presentation and promotion of new policies and initiatives in health services; and for the exchange of ideas, con- اﻷردن . أفغانستان . اﻹمارات العربية املتحدة . باكستان . البحرين . تونس . ليبيا . مجهورية إيران اﻹسﻻمية .cepts, epidemiological data, research findings and other information, with special reference to the Eastern Mediterranean Region اجلمهورية العربية السورية . اليمن . جيبويت . السودان . الصومال . العراق . عُ ام ن . فلسطني . قطر . الكويت . لبنان . مرص -It addresses all members of the health profession, medical and other health educational institutes, interested NGOs, WHO Col laborating Centres and individuals within and outside the Region. املغرب . اململكة العربية السعودية LA REVUE DE SANTÉ DE LA MÉDITERRANÉE ORIENTALE EST une revue de santé officielle publiée par le Bureau régional de l’Organisation mondiale de la Santé pour la Méditerranée orientale. Elle offre une tribune pour la présentation et la promotion de nouvelles politiques et initiatives dans le domaine des ser-vices de santé ainsi qu’à l’échange d’idées, de concepts, de données épidémiologiques, de résultats de recherches et d’autres Membres du Comité régional de l’OMS pour la Méditerranée orientale informations, se rapportant plus particulièrement à la Région de la Méditerranée orientale. Elle s’adresse à tous les professionnels de la santé, aux membres des instituts médicaux et autres instituts de formation médico-sanitaire, aux ONG, Centres collabora- Afghanistan . Arabie saoudite . Bahreïn . Djibouti . Égypte . Émirats arabes unis . République islamique d’Iran teurs de l’OMS et personnes concernés au sein et hors de la Région. Iraq . Libye . Jordanie . Koweït . Liban . Maroc . Oman . Pakistan . Palestine . Qatar . République arabe syrienne Somalie . Soudan . Tunisie . Yémen EMHJ is a trilingual, peer reviewed, open access journal and the full contents are freely available at its website: http://www/emro.who.int/emhj.htm EMHJ information for authors is available at its website: http://www.emro.who.int/emh-journal/authors/ EMHJ is abstracted/indexed in the Index Medicus and MEDLINE (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval Systems on Line), ISI Web of knowledge, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Embase, Lexis Nexis, Scopus and the Index Medicus for the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region (IMEMR). Correspondence Editor-in-chief Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal © World Health Organization (WHO) 2017. Some rights reserved. This work is available under the CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO licence WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo). P.O. Box 7608 Nasr City, Cairo 11371 Disclaimer. Egypt The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion Tel: (+202) 2276 5000 whatsoever on the part of WHO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning Fax: (+202) 2670 2492/(+202) 2670 2494 the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted and dashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which Email: [email protected] there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by WHO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by WHO to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the Subscriptions and Permissions interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall WHO be liable for damages arising from its use. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from Knowledge Sharing The authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this publication and they do not necessarily represent the views, and Production, World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, decisions or policies of the institutions with which they are affiliated. PO Box 7608, Nasr City, Cairo 11371, Egypt (tel: +202 2670 2535, fax: +202 2670 2492; email: [email protected]). Requests for permission to reproduce, in part or in whole, or to If authors are staff members of the World Health Organization, the authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this translate publications of WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean – whether for publication and do not necessarily represent the decisions, policy or views of the World Health Organization. sale or for noncommercial distribution – should be addressed to WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, at the above address; email: [email protected]. ISSN 1020-3397 Cover 23-12.indd 8-10 2/26/2018 7:37:37 AM Eastern Mediterranean La Revue de Santé de Health Journal la Méditerranée orientale املجلد الثالث والعرشون عدد Vol. 23 No. 12 • 2017 • 12 Contents Editorial Improving evidence informed policy-making for health in the Eastern Mediterranean Region Arash Rashidian, Ahmed Mandil and Jaouad Mahjour ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................793 Research articles Independent prescription of medicines and diagnostic test advice by final year medical students in Punjab Kashif Aziz, Hafiz M. Aeymon and Saba Batool............................................................................................................................................................................................................................795