DRAKENSTEIN HERITAGE SURVEY VOLUME 1: HERITAGE SURVEY REPORT October 2012 Prepared by the Drakenstein Landscape Group for the Drakenstein Municipality P O BOX 281 MUIZENBERG 7950 Sarah Winter Tel: (021) 788-9313 Fax:(021) 788-2871 Cell: 082 4210 510 E-mail: [email protected] Sarah Winter BA MCRP (UCT) Nicolas Baumann BA MCRP (UCT) MSc (OxBr) D.Phil(York) TRP(SA) MSAPI, MRTPI Graham Jacobs BArch (UCT) MA Conservation Studies (York) Pr Arch MI Arch CIA Melanie Attwell BA (Hons) Hed (UCT) Dip. Arch. Conservation (ICCROM) Acknowledgements The Drakenstein Heritage Survey has been undertaken with the invaluable input and guidance from the following municipal officials: Chantelle de Kock, Snr Heritage Officer Janine Penfold, GIS officer David Delaney, HOD Planning Services Anthea Shortles, Manager: Spatial Planning Henk Strydom, Manager: Land Use The input and comment of the following local heritage organizations is also kindly acknowledged. Drakenstein Heritage Foundation Paarl 300 Foundation LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS The following abbreviations have been used: General abbreviations HOZ: Heritage Overlay Zone HWC: Heritage Western Cape LUPO: Land Use Planning Ordinance NHRA: The National Heritage Resources act (Act 25 of 1999) PHA: Provincial Heritage Authority PHS: Provincial Heritage Site SAHRA: The South African Heritage Resources Agency List of abbreviations used in the database Significance H: Historical Significance Ar: Architectural Significance A: Aesthetic Significance Cx: Contextual Significance S: Social Significance Sc: Scientific Significance Sp: Spiritual Significance L: Linguistic Significance Lm: Landmark Significance T: Technological Significance Descriptions/Comment ci: Cast Iron conc.: concrete cor iron: Corrugated iron d/s: double sliding (normally for sash windows) fb: facebrick med: medium m: metal pl: plastered pc: pre-cast (normally concrete) s/s: single storey Th: thatch St: stone Dating 18C: Eighteenth Century 19C: Nineteenth Century 20C: Twentieth Century E: Early e.g. E20: Early twentieth century M: Mid e.g. M20: Mid twentieth century L: Late e.g. L19 Late nineteenth century Type/Use BH: blockhouse BR: bridge BT: bell Tower C: cemetery CH: church CIV: civic COM: commercial FB: farm building FC: farm cottage FR: forced removals FV: farm village GH: gate house GP: gate posts GN: garden IND: industrial INS: institutional M: memorial OB: outbuilding P: prison POS: public open space PK: park R: residential RC: residential cottage RN: ruin RS: religious site SD: semi-detached SR: scenic route ST: station SYN: synagogue T: terrace V: villa W: werf WF: water feature TABLE OF CONTENTS Page DRAKENSTEIN HERITAGE SURVEY (VOLUME ONE) A. INTRODUCTION 1-17 A.1 Underlying Intention of the Survey and Study Brief A.2 Project Team A.3 Statutory Framework A.4 Scope of Work A.4.1 Refinement of the Brief A.5 Methodology A.6 Overview of the GIS Mapping & Database System A.6.1 Translating heritage survey information into GIS A.6.2 GIS products A.6.3 Integration of heritage layer with other layers of information A.6.4 Municipal staff access to heritage data A.6.5 Public access to heritage data A.6.6 Analysis A.6.7 Monitoring and updating of information A.7 Assumptions and Limitations A.7.1 Assumptions A.7.2 Limitations A.8 Adherence to HWC Guidelines for Heritage Inventories A.8.1 Sites with Multiple Resources A.8.2 Inventory Fields A.8.3 Character Zones A.8.4 Inventory Template B. EVOLUTION OF THE CULTURAL LANDSCAPE OF THE DRAKENSTEIN VALLEY 18-49 B.1 Historical Overview B.1.1 Pre-colonial Period B.1.2 Early Colonial Period B.1.3 Industrialisation, commercialisation of farming and the later Colonial Period B.1.4 20th century period B.2 Urban Form B.3 Architecture B.3.1 Early Settler Architecture B.3.2 Nineteenth century rural architecture B.3.3 Twentieth century rural architecture B.3.4 Urban architecture B.4 Struggle for democracy C. OUTCOME OF THE PUBLIC CONSULTATION PROCESS 50-52 C.1 Summary of Issues Raised C.2 Response to Issues Raised D. OVERALL SIGNIFICANCE AND LANDSCAPE CHARACTER STATEMENTS 53-60 D.1 Overall Significance Statement D.2 Themes Characterizing the Drakenstein Valley D.3 Identification of Landscape Character Zones D.3.1 Upper Berg River Valley D.3.2 Lower Berg River Valley D.3.3 Agter Paarl-Paardeberg E. IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSSMENT OF CONSERVATION-WORTHY BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES 61-73 E.1 Assessment Criteria & Grading System E.1.1 Types of heritage significance E.1.2 Grading System E.2 Overview of Findings and Recommendations F. IDENTIFICATION OF CONSERVATION-WORTHY LANDSCAPES 74-108 F.1 Assessment Criteria and Grading F.2 Heritage Overlay Zones F.2.1 Paarl F.3.2 Wellington F.3.3 Saron F.3.4 Hermon F.3.5 Gouda F.3.6 Bovlei F.3.7. Voor Groenberg F.3.8 Blouvlei F.3.9 Agter Groenberg F.3.10 Daljosaphat F.3.11 Klein Drakenstein F.3.12 Wemmershoek F.3.13 Dwars and Berg River Corridors F.3.14 Simonsberg Slopes F.3.15 Agter Paarl F.3.16 Paardeberg G. HERITAGE MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK 109-113 G.1 Implementation of Recommendations G.1.1 Assumption of Local Authority Management Responsibility through Competency G.1.2 Statutory Mechanisms for Discharging Responsibilities through Competency G.1.3 Human Resource Mechanisms for Discharging Responsibilities through Competency G.2 Management of buildings and sites to be listed on the Provincial Heritage Register G.3 Exemptions from the need to Obtain Permits ito Section 34 (60 Year Clause) G.4 Management of Applications for Buildings in proposed Heritage Overlay Zones H. GENERAL CONCLUSIONS 114 H.1 Further Steps towards Competency I. SOURCES 115-116 LIST OF TABLES: Table 1: Historical Chronology Table 2: Urban Areas Table 3: Rural areas LIST OF FIGURES: Figure 1: Drakenstein Municipal Area Regional Context Figure 2: Drakenstein Muncipal Area Local Context Figure 3: Extract: Kaart van de Caap Der Goede Hoop, Copy M1/1162 c 1700 Cape Archives. Figure 4: Composite map showing the late 17th and early 18th century land grants in the Drakenstein Valley from Franschhoek to Daljosaphat. Source: Leonard Guelke Cape Colony 1657-1750, Department of Geographical Publication Series. University of Waterloo, 1987 Figure 5: Early land grants within the Blouvlei (Wellington) area. Source: Payne and Dixon Military Survey of Paarl and Tulbagh c 1809 CA M1/2189-M1/2200 Figure 6: Early land grants within the Blouvlei (Wellington) area. Source: Payne and Dixon Military Survey of Paarl and Tulbagh c 1809 CA M1/2189-M1/2200 Figure 7: Surveyor General’s Divisional Map of Paarl, c1897: Topocadastral compilation based on land grants and deeds. Figure 8: Surveyor General’s Divisional Map of North Paarl Wellington and the Groenberg c 1897: A topocadastral compilation based on land grants and deeds. Figure 9: Late 18th century architecture: Eenzaamheid, Agter Paarl region. Gable: 1785 (Source: G, Jacob 2005-2010) Figure 10: Cultivated lots with workers cottages on the slopes of the Paarl Mountain (now demolished) Gribble Collection G34HP-2: Courtesy Heemkring Paarl Figure 11: Victorianized Dutch Colonial homestead: Nabygelegen, Bovlei, Wellington. Source: G. Jacobs 2005-2010) Figure 12: Historical layering: De Twyfeling, Bovlei, Wellington. Source: G. Jacobs 2005-2010 Figure13: Late Cape Revival: Roosboek, Voor Groenberg, Wellington Region. Source: G. Jacobs 2005-2010 Figure 14: Main Road, Paarl, showing linear urban development and typical architectural forms. Gribble Collection: HP AD51: Courtesy Heemkring Paarl Figure 15: Panorama of Paarl showing linear urban development within a cultivated landscape. Toringkerk is shown on the left. Gribble Collection MPAD1131: Courtesy Heemkring Paarl Figure 16: Church Street, Wellington opposite the Coronation Arch 1903, and the DR Church as the main features of the streetscape, a position it retains today c1920 MA CA Figure 17: Weiss St Mosque close to Berg River Boulevard Figure 18: Art Moderne Protea Cinema, Main Road, Paarl Figure 19: Diagrams indicating the effects of the Group Areas Act in Paarl Figure 20: Diagram showing the evolution of the historical landscape and settlement patterns Figure 21: Representative images of the Upper Berg River Valley. Figure 22: Representative images of the Lower Berg River Valley Figure 22a: Representative images of the Lower Berg River Valley Figure 23: Representative images of the Agter-Paarl Paardeberg landscape zone Figure 24: Identification of Broad Landscape Character Zones Figure 25: Representative examples of Grade 1 and 2 heritage resources Figure 26: Representative examples of Grade 3A heritage resources Figure 26a: Representative examples of Grade 3A heritage resources Figure 27: Representative examples of Grade 3B heritage resources Figure 28: Representative examples of Grade 3C heritage resources Figure 29: Overview of Heritage Resources (Extract from Volume II Map Book) Figure 30: Grading of Heritage Resources using the urban example of Paarl (Refer to Volume II Map Book for complete Heritage Resources Map Series) Figure 31: Grading of Heritage Resources using the rural example of Bovlei (Refer to Volume II Map Book for complete Heritage Resources Map Series) Figure 32: Overview of Heritage Overlay Zones (Refer to Volume II for Heritage Overlay Zone Map Series) Figure 33: Paarl Heritage Overlay Zone Figure 34: Wellington Heritage Overlay Zone Figure 35: Saron Heritage Overlay Zone Figure 36: Hermon Heritage Overlay Zone Figure 37: Bovlei and Voor Groenberg Heritage Overlay Zone Figure 38: Blouvlei Heritage Overlay Zone Figure 39:Agter Groenberg Heritage Overlay Zone Figure 40: Daljosaphat Heritage Overlay Zone Figure 41: Klein Drakenstein Heritage Overlay Zone Figure 42: Wemmershoek Heritage Overlay Zone Figure 43: Dwars and Berg River Corridors Heritage Overlay Zone Figure 44:Simonsberg Slopes Heritage Overlay Zone Figure 45:Agterpaarl Heritage Overlay Zone Figure 46:Paardeberg Heritage Overlay Zone LIST OF APPENDICES: Appendix A: Historical Overview prepared by Harriet Clift Appendix B: Public Engagement Issues Trial Appendix C: HWC’s Short Guide to Grading dated Feb 2007 Appendix D: Landscape Assessment Tables 1 A.