COMMUNICABLE DISEASE TOOLKIT WHO/CDS/2005.30 Indonesia Co m m u n ic a b le d is e a s e p ro file Communicable Diseases Working Group on Emergencies, WHO/HQ WHO R egional Office for S outh East A sia (S EA R O) Communicable disease profile for INDONESIA: February 2005 © W orld Health Organization 2005 All rights reserved. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the W orld Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers‘ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the W orld Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by W HO to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either express or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall the W orld Health Organization be liable for damages arising from its use. The named authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this publication. Further information is available at: CDS Information Resource Centre, W orld Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland; fax: (+41) 22 791 4285, e-mail: cdsdoc@ who.int W orld Health Organization iii Communicable disease profile for INDONESIA: February 2005 CONTENTS Contents ..............................................................................................................................................................iv Acknowledgem ents.............................................................................................................................................v Introduction.........................................................................................................................................................vi 1. Acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI)........................................................................................1 2. Bacillary dysentery (shigellosis).......................................................................................................4 3. Cholera.................................................................................................................................................6 4. Diarrhoeal diseases (others)............................................................................................................10 5. Diphtheria...........................................................................................................................................13 6. Dengue fever and Dengue haem orrhagic fever..............................................................................17 7. HIV/AIDS.............................................................................................................................................21 8. Leptospirosis.....................................................................................................................................28 9. Malaria................................................................................................................................................31 10. Measles...............................................................................................................................................36 11. Meningococcal disease (m eningitis and septicaem ic form ).........................................................40 12. Pertussis (whooping cough)............................................................................................................44 13. Poliom yelitis.......................................................................................................................................48 14. Rabies.................................................................................................................................................52 15. Soil-transm itted helm inthiases.........................................................................................................56 16. Tetanus and tetanus neonatorum ....................................................................................................60 17. Tuberculosis......................................................................................................................................65 18. Typhoid fever.....................................................................................................................................75 APPENDIX 1: Map of Indonesia........................................................................................................................78 APPENDIX 2: Situation m ap of tsunam i affected areas - deaths, injuries and m issing. ............................79 APPENDIX 3: Situation m ap of tsunam i affected areas - destruction and population displacem ent. ......80 APPENDIX 4: Map of displaced people in Aceh province. ............................................................................81 APPENDIX 5: Map of healthcare agencies providing services in Aceh. ......................................................82 APPENDIX 6: W HO/MOH outpatient weekly surveillance reporting form . ...................................................83 APPENDIX 7: W HO recom m ended case definitions.......................................................................................85 APPENDIX 8: Flowcharts for the laboratory confirm ation of com m unicable diseases............................87 APPENDIX 9: Steps in outbreak m anagem ent................................................................................................93 APPENDIX 10: Safe water and sanitation........................................................................................................94 APPENDIX 11: Injection safety. ........................................................................................................................95 APPENDIX 11: Injection safety. ........................................................................................................................95 APPENDIX 12: Key contacts for Indonesia.....................................................................................................96 APPENDIX 13: List of W HO guidelines on com m unicable diseases.............................................................99 APPENDIX 14: Im m unization schedule for Indonesia..................................................................................102 APPENDIX 15: Dem ographic profile of Indonesia, 2005 - 2025...................................................................103 APPENDIX 16: Population rates for Indonesia, 2005 - 2025. .......................................................................104 APPENDIX 17: Basic health indicators in Indonesia, 2005..........................................................................105 APPENDIX 18: W HO recom m ended vaccinations and other prophylactic requirem ents. .......................106 W orld Health Organization iv Communicable disease profile for INDONESIA: February 2005 ACKNOW LEDGEMENTS Edited by Dr Pamela Mbabazi, Dr Michelle Gayer and Dr Máire Connolly of the Programme on Communicable Diseases in Emergencies W HO/CDS and Dr. Jai Narain of the Department of Communicable Disease Prevention and Control at W HO/SEARO (CDS/SEARO). This Profile is a collaboration between the Communicable Disease W orking Group on Emergencies (CD- W GE) at W HO/HQ and the Department of Communicable Disease Prevention and Control (CDS) at W HO/SEARO. The CD-W GE provides technical and operational support on communicable disease issues to W HO Regional and Country Offices, ministries of health, other United Nations agencies, and nongovernmental and international organizations. This W orking Group includes the Departments of Control, Prevention and Eradication (CPE), Surveillance and Response (CSR) in Communicable Diseases (CDS), Roll Back Malaria (RBM), Stop TB (STB) and HIV/AIDS (HIV) in HTM, and the Departments of Child and Adolescent Health and Development (CAH), Immunizations, Vaccines and Biologicals (IVB) and Health and Action in Crisis (HAC). The following individuals at SEARO and HQ contributed to the development of this document, and their technical input is gratefully acknowledged: Henrietta Allen (CDS/CPE), Andrew Ball (HTM/HIV), Claire-Lise Chaignat (CDS/CPE), Claire Chauvin (FCH/IVB), Renu Dayal-Drager (CDS/ARO), Juerg Draeyer (CDS/CPE), Dirk Engels (CDS/CPE), Marta Gacic Dobo (FCH/IVB), Pascale Gilbert-Miguet (W HO/HMS), Tom Grein (CDS/ARO), Bradley Hersh (FCH/IVB), Mark Keim (W HO Aceh/GOARN), Thimasarn Krongthong (W HO/SEARO), Dominique Legros (W HO Aceh/GOARN), Suzi Lyons (CDS/CSR), Steve Martin (CDS/ARO), François-Xavier Meslin (CDS/CPE), Alan Moren (W HO Aceh/GOARN), Mike Nathan (CDS/CPE), José Nkuni (HTM/RBM), Kathy O'Neill (CDS/GIS), Salah-Eddine Ottmani (HTM/STB), W illiam Perea (CDS/ARO), Shamim Qazi (FCH/CAH), Aafje Rietveld (HTM/RBM), Mike Ryan (CDS/ARO), Cathy Roth (CDS/ARO), Lorenzo Savioli (CDS/CPE), Johannes Schmidt (FCH/IVB),