APPLICATION INFORMATION -- TABLE OF CONTENTS -- I. INTRODUCTION TO INFRARED ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................1 A. What Is Infrared? ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................1 B. How Do We Heat With Infrared? ...........................................................................................................................................................................................4 C. Infrared Heat For Body Comfort ..............................................................................................................................................................................................7 D. Advantages Of Heating With Gas-Fired Infrared ..............................................................................................................................................8 E. Types Of Gas-Fired Infrared Heaters................................................................................................................................................................................9 II. FEATURES, FUNCTIONS, AND BENEFITS OF GAS-FIRED INFRARED HEATING .........................................................13 III. FUNDAMENTAL DETAILS FOR GAS-FIRED INFRARED HEATING .....................................................................................................17 IV. HEAT LOSS CALCULATIONS .................................................................................................................................................................................................................19 A. Basic Criteria For Infrared Heater Applications ...............................................................................................................................................................19 B. Overview Of Natural Infiltration Load..........................................................................................................................................................................................21 C. Infrared Heat Loss Compensation Factor ...............................................................................................................................................................................23 D. Radiant Vs. Convection Heating .........................................................................................................................................................................................................24 E. Heat Loss Due To Cold Mass..................................................................................................................................................................................................................24 F. R” And “U” Values.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................25 G. Outside Design Temperatures................................................................................................................................................................................................................26 H. Table Of “U” Factors — Industrial Heating ..........................................................................................................................................................................27 I. Heat Loss Estimating Sheet .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................28 J. Information For Sample Heat Loss Estimation ................................................................................................................................................................29 K. Heat Loss Estimating Sheet — Sample .....................................................................................................................................................................................30 ® L. Sample Compuheat Analysis ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................31 M. Sample Layouts...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................35 V. VENTILATION FOR INDIRECT VENTED INFRARED HEATERS.................................................................................................................52 A. Gravity Ventilation For Indirect Vented Heaters...........................................................................................................................................................52 B. Mechanical Ventilation For Indirect Vented Heaters..............................................................................................................................................53 C. Increased Building Heat Loss Due To Unvented Use Of Infrared Heaters ...............................................................................53 D. General Precautions For Ventilation Of Indirect Vented Heaters ..........................................................................................................54 E. Condensation ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................56 VI. GAS PIPING ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................58 VII. THERMAL VS. RADIANT EFFICIENCIES ..................................................................................................................................................................................59 A. Gas-Fired Infrared Tube Heaters — Thermal and Radiant Efficiencies..........................................................................................59 B. Space-Ray Tube Heaters................................................................................................................................................................................................................................60 VIII. ESTIMATING FUEL CONSUMPTION .............................................................................................................................................................................................67 A. Degree Days .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................69 B. Determining Building Heat Loss With Infrared And Other Heating Systems........................................................................77 C. Fuel Conversion Factors.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................78 D. Estimation Of Electrical Power Consumption ...................................................................................................................................................................78 E. Comparative Fuel Costs ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................79 IX. SPOT AND AREA HEATING APPLICATION ........................................................................................................................................................................80 X. UNIT SELECTION......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................84 Nov–04 i I. INTRODUCTION TO INFRARED A. WHAT IS INFRARED? Infrared is not new. Regardless of what we do, infrared is involved in almost every aspect of our daily lives. Infrared heating has been an important factor in the life of man since the very beginning. The enormous amount of heat the earth receives from the sun is transmitted to the earth by infrared energy, along with visible light. The fact that we cannot see infrared complicates our understanding of it. There are many complex formulas and constants involved in computing infrared or radiant heat transfer. However, if we concern ourselves only with the basics and the terminology involved, we find that the concept