RSTS/E Programming Manual Order Number: AA-EZ09B-TC August 1990 This manual dascribes RSTS/E spedal programming techniques. It contains infonnation on device-dependent featuresand the use ofsystem function calls. Operating System and Version: RSTS/E Verdon 10.0 Software Version: RSTS/E Version 10.0 &Mentec w Update Notice No. 1 RSTS/E Programming Manual Order Number: AD-EZ09B-T1 September 1992 New and Changed Information This update contains changes and additions made to the RSTS/E Programming Manuel. Copyright ©1992 by Digital EquipmentCorporation All Rights Reserved. Printed In U.S.A. Instructions The enclosed pages are replacements oradditions to current pages In the RSTS/E Programming Manual, The change bars(|) onthe replacement pages Indicate new or revised material. Old Page New Page Title page/Copyright page Title page/Copyright page iii/iv through xv/xvi iii/iv through xv/^vi xix/xx xix/xx 1-7/1-8 1-7/1-8 through 1-8.1/blank 1-21/1-22 through 1-23/1-24 1-21/1-22 through 1-23/1-24 2-1/2-2 through 2-5/2-6 2-1/2-2 through 2-6.1/blank 2-21/2-22 2-21/2-22 2-29/2-30 2-29/2-30 3-1/3-2 81/3-2 through 82.1/blank 4-1/4-2 4-1/4-2 4-5/4-6 4-5/4-6 tiirough 4-6.1/t^ank 4-15/4-16 through 4-19/4-20 4-15/4-16 through 4-19/4-20 4-23/4-24 4-23/4-24 4-27/4-28 4-27/4-28 4-37/4-38 4-37/4-38 4-45/4-46 4-45/4-46 8-3/8-4 through 8-11/8-12 8-3/8-4 through 811/812 8-21/8-22 821/822 through 822.1/blank 8-35/8-36 835/836 through 836.1/836.2 8-51/8-52 through 853/8-54 851/852 through 853/8-54 8-87/-888 887/888 through 8-88.1/blank 897/898 through 899/8100 897/8-98 through 81Q0.1/blank 8121/8122 8121/8122 8-145/8146 through 8149/8150 8145/8146 through 8149/8150 Old Page New P£^e 8-19iy8-192 8-191/8-192 8-207/8-208 8-207/8-208 9-7/9-8 9-7/9-8 through 9-8.1/blank 9-17/9-18 9-17/9-18 10-1/10-2 10-1/10-2 10-15/10-16 through 10-17/10-18 10-15/10-16 through 10-17/10-18 10-23/10-24 10-23/10-24 10-27/10-28 through 10-29/blank 10-27/10-28 through 10-29/blank C-23/blank C-23/bIank E-1/blank E-1/blank F-1/F-2 through F-3/bIank F-1/F-2 through F-3/blank lnd8x-1/lndex-2 through index-19/blank lndex-1/lnd8x-2 through lndex-19/blank Howto Order/blankthrough Reader's Comment/Mailer Howto Order/blankthrough Reader's Comment/Mailer Contents Preface xvli Part I Devices Chapter 1 System Structure and Disk Operations 1.1 System Accounts 1-1 1.1.1 System Library Account [1,2] 1-1 1.1.2 System Account [0,1] 1-2 1.1.2.1 Allocating Disk Storage Space 1-2 1.1.2.2 Bad Block File 1-4 1.1.2.3 System Overlay RIe 1-4 1.1.2.4 Monitor Save Image Library RIe 1-5 1.1.2.5 Error Messages RIe 1-5 1.1.2.6 Saving Information After a Crash 1-5 . 1.1.2.7 Run-Time System RIes 1-5 1.1.2.8 System Program Resident Library 1-6 1.1.2.9 Initialization Code 1-6 1.1.2.10 Swapping Storage 1-6 1.1.2.11 System Account [0,1] on Nonsystem Disks 1-8 1.2 Storage of Accounting Data 1_6 1.2.1 Accounting Data on the System Device 1-8 1.2.2 Accounting Data on Nonsystem Disks 1-9 1.3 Privileges 1_10 1.4 Multiple Privileges 1_10 1.5 Classes of System Functions 1-11 1.5.1 Account Management Activities 1-11 1.5.2 RIe Access Activities 1—12 1.6 Multiple Privilege Masks 1_14 1.7 Multiple Privileges and Jobs 1-15 1.7.1 Job Creation 1_15 1.7.2 Login 1—15 1.7.3 Logout 1_15 1.7.4 Spawned Jobs 1_15 1.8 Writing Applications Using Multiple Privileges 1-16 ^ y 1.8.1 Writing Programs Protected <124> and <104> 1-16 1.8.2 Writing Programs Protected <232> 1_17 ill 1.8.3 Program Access and Privilege Checks 1-18 1.8.4 Program Exrt 1-18 1.9 Multiple Privilege System Function Calls 1-19 1.10 Non-Flle>Structured Disk Operation 1-19 1.10.1 Opening a Disk for Non-File-Structured Processing 1-19 1.10.2 Accessing Large Clusters 1-20 1.10.3 Accessing Device Clusters 1-20 1.10.4 Non-Rle-Structured Block Access; MODE 128% 1-22 1.10.5 Access to Bad Block Information: MODE 512% 1^2 1.10.6 Privilege and Access 1-^3 1.10.7 Allocating a Disk Unit 1-23 1.11 File-Structured Disk Operation 1-23 1.11.1 Reading and Writing Disk Res: MODE 0% 1-24 1.11.2 Updating Disk Res: MODE 1%, MODE 4%+1% 1-24 1.11.2.1 RSTS/E RIe Updating Capabilities 1-25 1.11.2.2 RIe Update: MODE 1% 1-25 1.11.2.3 Guarded RIe Update; MODE 4%+1% 1-26 1.11.3 Appending Data to Disk Files: MODE 2% 1-26 1.11.4 Special Mode for Extending RIes: MODE 8% 1-27 1.11.5 Creating a Contiguous RIe: MODE 16% 1-27 1.11.6 Creating a Tentative File: MODE 32% 1-28 1.11.7 Creating a Contiguous RIe Conditionally: MODE 64% 1-28 1.11.8 No Supersede: MODE 128% 1-29 1.11.9 Data Caching: MODES 256%, 2048% 1-29 1.11.9.1 Cache Size 1-30 1.11.9.2 Caching Control 1-30 1.11.9.3 Random Mode Data Caching: MODE 256% 1-30 1.11.9.4 Sequential Mode Data Caching: MODE 2048% 1-31 1.11.10 Creating and Placing a File at the End of the Directory: MODE 1024% 1-31 1.11.11 Creating and Placing a RIe at the Beginning of the Directory: MODE 1536% 1-32 1.11.12 Reading a RIe During Processing: MODE 4096% 1-32 1.11.13 Read-Only Access to a RIe; MODE 8192% 1-32 1.11.14 Write Access to a Directory: MODE 16384% 1-33 1.11.15 Simultaneous Disk Access 1-33 1.11.16 Disk Optimization 1-33 1.11.17 Partial Block Operations on Disk 1-35 1.12 The Virtual Disk—DVO: 1-35 1.13 Asynchronous I/O Requests 1-36 1-14 Disk Special Function: SPEC% 1-36 1.15 RX01/02 Flexible Diskettes 1-38 1.15.1 Block Mode: MODE 0% 1-39 1.15.2 Sector Mode: MODE 16384% 1-40 1.15.3 Rexible Diskette RECORD Modifiers 1-41 1.15.4 Deleted Data Marks 1-41 1.15.5 Partial Block Operations on Rexible Diskettes 1-42 1.15.6 Rexible Diskette Special Function: SPEC% 1-42 1.16 The Null Device - NL: 1-44 Kr Chapter 2 Magnetic Tape 2.1 Overview of Tape Operations 2-1 2.1.1 RIe-Structured and Non-Rle-Structured Processing 2-1 2.1.2 Magnetic Tape Labels 2-3 2.1.3 Data and Label Harxlling in RIe-Structured Processing 2-3 2.1.4 Streaming Tape Drives 2-5 2.2 The File-Structured Magnetic Tape OPEN FOR INPUT 2-5 2.2.1 Reading the Current Record; MODE 0% or No Mode 2-7 2.2.2 Rewinding the Tape: MODES 2%, 32%, 64% 2-7 2.2.3 Example of OPEN FOR INPUT Statement 2-7 2.2.4 Reading Data 2-8 2.3 The File-Structured Magnetic Tape OPEN FOR OUTPUT 2-8 2.3.1 Searching for a Label on OUTPUT 2-9 2.3.2 Writing a Label: MODES 16%, 512% 2-9 2.3.3 Extending a RIe: MODE 128% 2-10 2.3.4 DOS and ANSI Format Labels: MODES 16364%, 24576% 2-10 2.3.5 Processing DOS Magnetic Tape Files 2—11 2.3.6 Processing ANSI Magnetic Tape Files 2-11 2.3.7 Processing Multivolume ANSI Magnetic Tape RIes 2-13 2.3.8 Example of OPEN FOR OUTPUT Statement 2-14 2.3.9 Writing Data and Processing End-of-Tape 2-14 2.4 The File-Structured Magnetic Tape OPEN 2-16 2.5 The File-Structured Magnetic Tape CLOSE 2-16 v 2.6 The Non-Flle-Structured Magnetic Tape OPEN 2-16 2.7 The Non-Flie-Structured Magnetic Tape CLOSE 2-17 2.8 The MODE Specification In Non-File-Structured Processing 2-17 2.9 The MAGTAPE Function 2-19 2.9.1 Off-line (Rewind and Off-line) Function 2-20 2.9.2 Write Tape Mark Function 2—20 2.9.3 Rewind Function 2-20 2.9.4 Skip Record Function 2-20 2.9.5 Backspace Function 2-21 2.9.6 Set Density and Parity Function 2-21 2.9.7 Tape Status Function 2-23 2.9.8 Return RIe Characteristics Function 2-25 2.9.9 Rewind on CLOSE Function 2-26 2.9.10 Write End-of-Volume Labels on CLOSE Function 2-26 2.9.11 Error Condition Acknowledged 2-27 2.9.12 Extended Set Density Function 2-27 2.10 Asynchronous I/O Requests 2-28 2.11 Magnetic Tape Special Function: SPEC% 2-29 2.12 Magnetic Tape Error Handling 2-29 2.12.1 Parity (Bad Tape) Error 2-30 2.12.2 Record Length Error 2-30 2.12.3 Offline Error 2-30 2.12.4 Write Lock Error 2-30 2.12.5 Writing Beyond EOT Error 2-31 2.13 Magnetic Tape Programming Examples 2-31 2.13.1 Writing a Magnetic Tape File 2-31 2.13.2 Reading a Magnetic Tape Rie 2-31 2.13.3 Reading a Magnetic Tape Non-Rie-Structured 2-32 Chapter 3 Line Printer 3.1 Special Character Handling 3-1 3.2 Line Printer Control with the MODE Option 3-2 3.3 Line Printer Control with the FILESIZE Statement 3-2 3.3.1 Change ESC to $: MODE 16% 3-3 3.3.2 Set NOWRAP for Excess Lines: MODE 32% 3-3 3.3.3 Software Formatting: MODE 512%+N% 3-^ 3.3.4 Enable Hardware Form Feed: MODE 4096% 3-4 3.3.5 Translate Numeric 0 to Letter O: MODE 128% 3-5 3.3.6 Truncate Long Lines: MODE 256% 3-5 3.3.7 Translate Lowercase to Uppercase: MODE 1024% .