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Advance Course in Fire Prevention, Life Safety & Fire Protection Measures in Buildings Category - Fire Safety Officer – Advance (FSO-A) Participant’s Workbook Gujarat State Fire Prevention Services Gandhinagar, Gujarat (India) Basic Course Fire and Life Safety Audit - FSO (General) Page 1 Gujarat State Institute for Fire Safety Training (GSIFST) Basic Course Fire and Life Safety Audit - FSO (General) Page 2 Gujarat State Institute for Fire Safety Training (GSIFST) Advance Course in Fire Prevention, Life Safety & Fire Protection Measures in Buildings Category - Fire Safety Officer – Advance (FSO-A) Participant’s Workbook Handbook Developed & Designed by: Gujarat Institute of Disaster Management Gujarat, India. Basic Course Fire and Life Safety Audit - FSO (General) Page 3 Gujarat State Institute for Fire Safety Training (GSIFST) Basic Course Fire and Life Safety Audit - FSO (General) Page 4 Gujarat State Institute for Fire Safety Training (GSIFST) Acknowledgement In order to organize conscious, planned and determined efforts in order to improve fire prevention, life safety and fire protection measures in the buildings/ premises, Government of Gujarat under the able leadership of Hon’ble Chief Minister Shri Vijay Rupani took a significant decision to introduce an online citizen friendly end to end solution i.e. ‘Gujarat Fire Safety Compliance Portal (Guj Fire Safety CoP)’. The portal is a landmark initiative of the Government of Gujarat which aims at strengthening the fire-safety framework across the state. Adequate training to the Fire Safety Officers (FSO) is one of the components under this initiative and a handbook on ‘Advance Course in Fire Prevention, Life Safety & Fire Protection Measures in Buildings’ is one of the outcome documents. The initiative is spearheaded by the Urban Development and Urban Housing Department with active support from Gujarat Institute of Disaster Management (GIDM), Directorate of Fire Prevention Services (DFPS), Gujarat State Institute for Fire Safety Training (GSIFST). The contribution of Chief Fire Offices and Regional Fire Offices across the state for the initiative is also very important. We express our sincere gratitude to Shri Mukesh Puri, IAS, Additional Chief Secretary, Urban Development & Urban Housing Department and Shri P K Taneja, IAS (Retd.), Director General, Gujarat Institute of Disaster Management for spearheading this initiative and making Hon’ble CM’s vision into a reality. From drawing the scope of the handbook to patiently reading the various drafts, and offering constructive criticism, guidance and suggestions, they saw the project through. We are thankful to Shri Rajkumar Beniwal, IAS, Additional Chief Executive Officer, Gujarat Urban Development Mission for the review and valuable inputs that have added immense value to the contents as well as the quality of this handbook. We are also thankful to Shri K K Bishnoi, Director, Gujarat State Fire Prevention Services, Shri Paresh Vyas, Fire Advisor to Government of Gujarat and Shri M F Dastoor, Ex. Director, Gujarat State Fire Prevention Services for their inputs and guidance. We acknowledge the support extended by all Regional Fire Officers (RFOs) and all Chief Fire Officers (CFOs) and for development of this handbook. We are happy to acknowledge the support and cooperation extended by Shri Abhay Purandare, Shri Nalin Chaudhary, Shri M N Mod, Shri Neeraj Dubey, Shri Vinay Chotai, Shri Sandeep Duggal, Shri Manoj Kumar Sharma and Shri Amar Pandey. Finally, the efforts made by GIDM team especially, Shri Nisarg Dave, Shri Piyush Ramteke and Shri Tanmay Gound for drafting this handbook are highly appreciated. (V N Solanki) Principal Gujarat State Institute for Fire Safety Training (GSIFST) Basic Course Fire and Life Safety Audit - FSO (General) Page 5 Gujarat State Institute for Fire Safety Training (GSIFST) Basic Course Fire and Life Safety Audit - FSO (General) Page 6 Gujarat State Institute for Fire Safety Training (GSIFST) Contents Abbreviation ......................................................................................................................................... 14 Terminology (As per National Building code – Part 4, 2016) .............................................................. 15 1. Fire Science and Combustion ....................................................................................................... 23 1.1. Physics and Chemistry of fire ............................................................................................... 23 1.1.1. Background ................................................................................................................... 23 1.1.2. Physical and chemical properties .................................................................................. 23 1.1.3. Fire triangle and fire tetrahedron - basic definitions ..................................................... 28 1.1.4. Properties of fire, heat and energy sources ................................................................... 30 1.2. Heat Transfer ........................................................................................................................ 32 1.2.1. Modes of heat transfer – conduction, convention and radiation ................................... 32 1.3. Hazards and Risk .................................................................................................................. 35 1.3.1. Definition ...................................................................................................................... 35 1.3.2. Control measures........................................................................................................... 36 1.4. Combustion Process .............................................................................................................. 36 1.4.1. Combustion Process ...................................................................................................... 36 1.4.2. What is combustion, Non-flaming and Flaming combustion ....................................... 37 1.4.3. How combustion originates, spreads and terminates .................................................... 38 1.5. Fire Extinguishment .............................................................................................................. 41 1.5.1. Classification of fire ...................................................................................................... 41 1.5.2. Fire Extinguishment ...................................................................................................... 41 1.6. Extinguishment Agents ......................................................................................................... 44 1.6.1. Extinguishment Agents: Water, foams, inert gases and dry chemicals ........................ 44 1.7. Combustion Products ............................................................................................................ 46 1.7.1. Combustion Products - Heat, visibility & toxicity of fire products .............................. 46 1.8. Combustion Process in Solid, Liquid & Gaseous Fuels ................................................... 50 1.8.1. Combustion in Solids .................................................................................................. 50 1.8.2. Combustion in Liquids ............................................................................................... 52 1.8.3. Combustion in Gases .................................................................................................. 53 1.9. Other Combustion Processes ............................................................................................. 54 1.9.1. Spontaneous Combustion ........................................................................................... 54 1.10. Smoke Movement in Buildings ...................................................................................... 54 1.10.1. Spontaneous Combustion ........................................................................................... 54 2. Fire Service Setup, Fire-Fighting Procedures & Fire Brigade Features in Buildings ................... 57 2.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 57 Basic Course Fire and Life Safety Audit - FSO (General) Page 7 Gujarat State Institute for Fire Safety Training (GSIFST) 2.2. Function of fire service in government setup ........................................................................ 57 2.2.1. Background ................................................................................................................... 57 2.2.2. Concept of fire station requirement and location based on response time, population, etc. 58 2.3. Current fire service setup in urban and non-urban areas in Gujarat ...................................... 59 2.3.1. Current Fire Service setup in urban and non-urban areas in Gujarat – Infrastructure, vehicles and manpower availability .............................................................................................. 59 2.3.2.