GENDER IN THE FILM INDUSTRY Thank you for downloading this free report. This report is the result of research carried out for my blog www.stephenfollows.com/blog. I was preparing to publish new data about gender within the film business and I wanted to understand more about what was already available online on the topic. The film industry is a hard sector to study, not least due to the fact that there are no barriers to entry. Unlike professions such as law, there are no required qualifications to enter the industry, which makes it hard to track new entrants and to assess who is and isn’t a valid participants. Recent new technologies in both production and distribution have lowered this even further, meaning that the concept of one ‘film industry’ is a nebulous idea. What follows are all of the major studies I could find which look at various aspects of gender within film. I cannot vouch for them all and some may even contain contradictory findings. My aim is to provide the data as clearly as possible, in order that they may be used by campaigners, industry professionals and interested parties. If you require any further data on these studies please contact me and I'd be happy to share what I have. I have endeavoured to provide full attribution to every party involved in creating the studies cited. If I have missed anything, please let me know and I'll add the missing information to future copies. I have been ably supported in this project by Alysa Throne, to whom I am very grateful. All the best, Stephen Follows January 2014 www.stephenfollows.com/blog StephenFollows.com “Gender in Film Industry” Report 1 CONTENTS THE BUSINESS OF FILM Film Markets o ‘Most Female’ Countries within Business Sectors of the Film Industry o ‘Most Male’ Countries within Business Sectors of the Film Industry Marketing, Publicity and PR o ‘Most Female’ Countries within Film Industry Marketing, Publicity and PR o ‘Most Male’ Countries within Film Industry Marketing, Publicity and PR FILM PROFESSIONALS Gender Ratios in American Film Industry Status of Women in the US Media Employment of Women in Top 250 Films of 2012 Historical Comparison of Percentages of Women Employed in Key Behind-the-Scenes Roles Historical Comparison of Percentages of Women Employed Behind the Scenes on Top 250 Films by Role Comparison of Percentages of Women and Men Employed on Top 250 Films of 2012 Gender Statistics in Norway o Female participation in Norwegian feature releases 2012 o Female participation in Norwegian feature releases 2007–2012 Female Screenwriters and Directors of UK Films Female Screenwriters in the UK UK Women in Various Departments Census of the UK Creative Media Industries FUNDING & TRAINING Funding of European Female Directors o Eurimages data 2008 – co-production support o Eurimages data 2009 – co-production support o Eurimages data 2010 – co-production support o Eurimages data 2011 – co-production support o Eurimages data 2012 – co-production support Funding of UK Female Screenwriters & Directors UK Female Screenwriters in accredited courses Funding of Norwegian Female Film Professionals o Women in projects applying/supported 2012 o Women in key positions projects with production support 2007-12 o Women in key positions – projects awarded production support 2012 FILM AUDIENCES Frequency of UK cinema visits o % of UK population who visit cinema at least once a year o % of UK population who visit cinema at least once a month StephenFollows.com “Gender in Film Industry” Report 2 Film Choices o Films with highest percentage of men in the cinema audience o Films with highest percentage of women in the cinema audience Are films aimed at women made by women? o Gender of the directors of most male/female films o Gender of the producers of most male/female films o Gender of the lead cast (top 7 names) of most male/female films o Gender of the screenwriters of most male/female films Most Successful Films by Female Directors (EU) Most Successful Films by Female Directors (USA) WOMEN ON-SCREEN On-Screen Characters Character Attributes and Job Aspirations o Hypersexuality Measures by Character Gender in Family Films o Hypersexuality Measures by Characters’ Age in Prime Time o Character Occupation by Gender in Family Films o Gender Balance within Family Films o STEM Fields by Gender in Family Films o Gender Prevalence by Program Genre in Prime Time o Gender Balance within Prime Time Programs o Hypersexuality Measures by Character Gender in Prime Time o Hypersexuality Measures by Female Characters’ Age in Prime Time o Character Occupation by Gender in Prime Time o STEM Fields by Gender in Prime Time Age of Love Interests FOLLOW-UPS • See Jane Impact Study REPORTS AND ARTICLES Sexist Hollywood?: Women Still Struggle to Find Film Jobs, Study Finds, 2013 DGA Report Finds Director Diversity in Episodic Television Remains Static, 2013 Female Film Roles Still Secondary, According to New Study, 2011 Women @ the Box Office: A Study of the Top 100 Worldwide Grossing Films Women Are on the Rise at Sundance – When Will Studios Take Note? 2013 Women Directors Globally, 2012 At the Movies, The Women Are Gone (2013) Percentages of Women in Media, 2012 The Hunger Games: Catching Fire: What Marvel, DC and Hollywood Can Learn, 2013 A Report of Canadian Unions for Equality on Screen, 2013 Less Than 30% of Speaking Roles in Blockbuster Films Last Year Went to Women The Naked Truth: Hollywood Still Treats its Women as Second Class Citizens, 2013 StephenFollows.com “Gender in Film Industry” Report 3 THE BUSINESS OF FILM Film markets take every few months, the largest of which is the Cannes Marche du Film in May. These events allow the film industry to gather, seek finance, build co-productions and sell the rights to distribute films to audiences around the world. To be ‘officially accredited’ at a major film market you need to prove your participation in the professional film industry and, in most cases, pay a fee. Therefore, I have used data from major film markets in the past five years to look at the gender split within the professional film business. In total, this included over 40,000 people and it is hard to imagine that there are a huge number film business professionals who have not attended a market of any kind in the past five years. Female 43% Male 57% ‘Most Female’ Countries within Business Sectors of the Film Industry # Country Female Male 1 Taiwan 56% 44% 2 China 56% 44% 3 Thailand 55% 45% 4 Russia 54% 46% 5 Hong Kong 54% 46% 6 Estonia 53% 47% 7 Lithuania 52% 48% 8 Malaysia 51% 49% 9 Ukraine 50% 50% 10 Romania 50% 50% 11 Poland 48% 52% 12 Greece 48% 52% 13 Israel 48% 52% 14 Singapore 48% 52% 15 Denmark 47% 53% 16 Finland 47% 53% 17 Lebanon 47% 53% 18 Luxembourg 47% 53% 19 Uruguay 46% 54% 20 Canada 46% 54% 21 Czech Republic 46% 54% 22 Brazil 46% 55% 23 Turkey 46% 55% 24 Australia 45% 55% 25 Italy 45% 55% Table shows the gender split of accredited film industry attendees of major film markets between April 2009 and May 2013. Countries with fewer than 100 participants have been excluded. Source: StephenFollows.com Dates: 2009-13 Location: Global More: http://goo.gl/jGXE7G StephenFollows.com “Gender in Film Industry” Report 4 ‘Most Male’ Countries within Business Sectors of the Film Industry # Country Female Male 1 Iran 24% 76% 2 India 32% 68% 3 Mexico 37% 63% 4 Chile 37% 63% 5 Indonesia 38% 62% 6 Hungary 38% 62% 7 USA 39% 61% 8 Norway 39% 61% 9 United Kingdom 39% 61% 10 United Arab Emirates 39% 61% 11 Portugal 40% 60% 12 Spain 40% 60% 13 Germany 40% 60% 14 Argentina 40% 60% 15 South Korea 41% 59% 16 Belgium 41% 59% 17 Sweden 42% 58% 18 Colombia 42% 58% 19 Japan 42% 58% 20 Switzerland 43% 57% 21 South Africa 43% 57% 22 Austria 44% 56% 23 France 44% 56% 24 Ireland 45% 56% 25 Netherlands 45% 55% Table shows the gender split of accredited film industry attendees of major film markets between April 2009 and May 2013. Countries with fewer than 100 participants have been excluded. Source: StephenFollows.com Dates: 2009-13 Location: Global More: http://goo.gl/jGXE7G StephenFollows.com “Gender in Film Industry” Report 5 Marketing, Publicity and PR ‘Most Female’ Countries within Film Industry Marketing, Publicity and PR # Country Female Male 1 Russia 79% 21% 2 Finland 74% 26% 3 Czech Republic 72% 28% 4 Greece 71% 29% 5 Ukraine 70% 30% 6 South Africa 69% 31% 7 Brazil 68% 32% 8 Netherlands 68% 32% 9 Thailand 68% 32% 10 Taiwan 65% 35% 11 Spain 63% 37% 12 Switzerland 63% 37% 13 Austria 61% 39% 14 Australia 61% 39% 15 China 60% 40% 16 Singapore 59% 41% 17 Canada 59% 41% 18 Poland 59% 41% 19 Turkey 57% 43% 20 Portugal 57% 43% 21 Belgium 57% 43% 22 Hong Kong 55% 45% 23 Malaysia 55% 45% 24 South Korea 55% 45% 25 United Kingdom 54% 46% Table shows the gender split of accredited film industry attendees of major film markets between April 2009 and May 2013 who work within the Marketing, Publicity or PR sectors. Countries with fewer than 20 participants have been excluded. Source: StephenFollows.com Dates: 2009-13 Location: Global More: http://goo.gl/jGXE7G StephenFollows.com “Gender in Film Industry” Report 6 ‘Most Male’ Countries within Film Industry Marketing, Publicity and PR # Country Female Male 1 Mexico 33% 67% 2 India 41% 59% 3 Iran 43% 57% 4 Hungary 45% 55% 5 United Arab Emirates 47% 53% 6 Norway 50% 50% 7 USA 51% 49% 8 France 52% 48% 9 Argentina 53% 47% 10 Italy 53% 47% 11 Japan 54% 46% 12 Denmark 54% 46% 13 Germany 54% 46% 14 Sweden 54% 46% 15 United Kingdom 54% 46% 16 South Korea 55% 45% 17 Malaysia 55% 45% 18 Hong Kong 55% 45% 19 Belgium 57% 43% 20 Portugal 57% 43% 21 Turkey 57% 43% 22 Poland 59% 41% 23 Canada 59% 41% 24 Singapore 59% 41% 25 China 60% 40% Table shows the gender split of accredited film industry attendees of major film markets between April 2009 and May 2013 who work within the Marketing, Publicity or PR sectors.