Encyclopedia of Sacred Places This page intentionally left blank Encyclopedia of Sacred Places Second Edition Norbert C. Brockman Volume 1 A–M Copyright 2011 by ABC-CLIO, LLC All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Brockman, Norbert C., 1934– Encyclopedia of sacred places / Norbert C. Brockman. — 2nd ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978–1–59884–654–6 (hard copy : alk. paper) — ISBN 978–1–59884–655–3 (ebook) 1. Sacred space—Encyclopedias. I. Title. BL580.B76 2011 2030.503—dc22 2011003155 ISBN: 978–1–59884–654–6 EISBN: 978–1–59884–655–3 1514131211 12345 This book is also available on the World Wide Web as an eBook. 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Box 1911 Santa Barbara, California 93116-1911 This book is printed on acid-free paper Manufactured in the United States of America Contents Preface, xiii Baalbek, Lebanon, 33 Maps, xvii Baba Sali, Israel, 35 Babi Yar, Ukraine, 36 Volume 1 Bagan, Myanmar/Burma, 37 Aachen Cathedral, Germany, 1 Baha’i World Centre, Israel, 40 Abu Mena, Egypt, 3 Bamiyan, Afghanistan, 41 Acropolis, Greece, 4 Batu Caves, Malaysia, 43 Adam’s Peak (Sri Pada), Sri Lanka, 6 Bayside, New York, 44 African Shrines, 7 Begijnhof, The Netherlands, 45 Khoja Ahmed Yasawi, Kazakhistan, 8 Bethlehem, Palestinian Ajanta, India, 9 Authority, 46 Alamo, Texas, USA, 11 Bighorn Medicine Wheel, Wyoming, Ancestor Shrines, 13 USA, 49 Angkor Wat, Cambodia, 14 Black Hills, South Dakota/Wyoming, Anne Frank House, The Netherlands, 17 USA, 51 Anurhadhpura, Sri Lanka, 18 Bodhnath Stupa, Kathmandu, Assisi, Italy, 19 Nepal, 53 Attukal Pongala, India, 22 Bom Jesus, Goa, India, 54 Auschwitz-Birkenau, Poland, 22 Bom Jesus da Lapa, Brazil, 55 Avebury, Great Britain, 25 Bom Jesus do Monte, Portugal, 56 A´vila, Spain, 27 Borobudur, Indonesia, 57 Axum, Ethiopia, 29 Breton Pardons, France, 59 v vi | Contents Buchenwald, Weimar, Germany, 61 Crystal Cathedral, Garden Grove, Buddhist Pilgrimages, 63 California, USA, 116 Bukhara, Uzbekistan, 65 Cuzco, Peru, 117 Cahokia Mounds, Illinois, USA, 67 Cyber Pilgrimage, 119 Camp and Brush Arbor Meetings, Dachau, Germany, 121 USA, 69 Damascus, Syria, 123 Canterbury Cathedral, England, 71 Damien of Moloka’i, Hawai’i, Canterbury Tales, England, 73 USA, 124 Cao Dai Temple, Vietnam, 75 Day of the Dead, 126 Carnac, France, 77 Debra Libanos, Ethiopia, 127 Cartago, Costa Rica, 79 Deir Mar Antonios, Egypt, 129 Catacombs, Rome, Italy, 80 Delos, Greece, 130 Cathar Sites, France, 83 Delphi, Greece, 132 Caves, 85 Devil’s Tower, Wyoming, USA, 134 Cemeteries, 86 Dharamsala, India, 136 Chaco, New Mexico, USA, 88 Didyma, Turkey, 137 Chalma, Mexico, 90 Dilwara, Mount Abu, India, 138 Changu Narayan Temple, Kathmandu, Divina Providencia, Puerto Rico, Nepal, 92 USA, 139 Chao Tuptim (Penis Shrine), Bangkok, Divine Mercy Shrine, Krako´w, Thailand, 93 Poland, 140 Char Dham, India, 94 Djenne´, Mali, 141 Chartres Cathedral, France, 96 Dodona, Epirus, Greece, 142 Chichen Itza, Mexico, 98 Dogon Cliffs, Mali, 143 Chimayo, New Mexico, USA, 100 Eighty-Eight Temples Pilgrimage, Shikoku, Japan, 147 Chogyesa Temple, Seoul, South Korea, 101 Einsiedeln, Switzerland, 149 Cholula, Puebla, Mexico, 103 Eisenach, Germany, 151 Cluny Abbey, France, 104 EkuPhakameni, South Africa, 152 El Cobre, Cuba, 105 Elephanta Caves, Mumbai, India, 153 Colosseum, Rome, Italy, 107 Eleusis, Greece, 154 Conques, Aveyron, France, 109 Ellora Caves, India, 155 Consolatrice, Luxembourg City, Emei Shan, China, 157 Luxembourg, 111 Emerald Buddha, Thailand, 158 Coptic Cairo, Egypt, 112 Ephesus, Turkey, 159 Croagh Patrick, Ireland, 115 Erawan Shrine, Thailand, 161 Contents | vii Esquipulas, Guatemala, 162 The Hiding Place, Haarlem, The Externsteine, Germany, 163 Netherlands, 221 Ex-Votos, 165 Hill Cumorah, Palmyra, NY, USA, 223 Eyup Camii, Istanbul, Turkey, 166 Hill of Crosses, Silauliai, Lithuania, 223 Ezekiel’s Tomb, Hillah, Iraq, 167 Hindu Temples, 224 Fatima, Portugal, 169 Hiroshima Peace Memorial, Japan, 226 Fertility Shrines, 172 Holocaust Sites, 228 Fire, Sacred, 173 Holy Blood, Brugge/Bruges, Flight into Egypt, Egypt, 174 Belgium, 232 Four Sacred Mountains, China, 175 Icons, 235 Gadhimai Festival, Nepal, 179 Infant Jesus of Prague, Prague, Czech Garden Tomb, Israel, 180 Republic, 236 The Gargano Massif, Italy, 180 Iona, Argyll, Scotland, 238 Geneva, Switzerland, 182 Ise, Japan, 240 Ggantija, Gozo, Malta, 184 Isis Temple, Philae, Egypt, 242 Ghost Festival, Asia, 185 Israelite Sanctuaries, 243 Glastonbury, United Kingdom, 186 Istanbul Mosques, 245 Glendalough, Ireland, 188 Izumo Taisha Shrine, Japan, 247 Golden Temple, Amritsar, India, 189 Janakpur, Nepal, 249 Gore´e Island, Dakar, Senegal, 190 Japanese Pilgrimages, 250 Goreme Caves, Turkey, 192 Jasna Gora, Poland, 251 Got Kwer, Migori, Kenya, 194 Jerusalem, Christian Sites, 253 Great Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe, 195 Jerusalem, Islamic Sites, 255 Groves, 197 Jerusalem, Jewish Sites, 257 Guadalupe, Mexico City, Mexico, 198 Jethro’s Tomb, Tiberias, Israel, 259 Guadalupe, Spain, 200 Jewish Pilgrimages, 260 Gunung Agung, Bali, Indonesia, 201 Jim Morrison Grave, Paris, Gypsy Pilgrimages, Stes-Marie-de-la- France, 261 Mer, France, 204 Jokhang Temple, Lhasa, Tibet, Hacibektas, Turkey, 205 China, 262 Hagar Qim and Mnajdra, Malta, 206 Julian of Norwich, Norwich, United Hagia Sophia, Turkey, 207 Kingdom, 265 Hajj, Mecca, Saudi Arabia, 210 Kairouan, Tunisia, 267 Hasedera Temple, Japan, 215 Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu, India, 269 Hearth of Buddhism, India/Nepal, 216 Karbala, Iraq, 270 Hebron, Palestinian Authority, 219 Kasubi Tombs, Kampala, Uganda, 272 viii | Contents Kata Tjuta, Australia, 274 Meenakshi Temple, Madurai, Kek Lok Si, Air Itam, Malaysia, 275 India, 326 Kibeho, Rwanda, 276 Meritxell, Andorra, 327 Kilauea, Hawai’i, 278 Meron, Israel, 328 Konya, Turkey, 280 Meteora Monasteries, Greece, 329 Korean Martyrs’ Shrines, 282 The Mezquita, Spain, 330 Kumbh Mela Sites, India, 283 Midsummer, 332 Kyoto, Japan, 285 Monte Cassino, Cassino, Italy, 334 Labyrinths, 289 Mont Saint-Michel, France, 335 Lakmuang Shrine, Bangkok, Montserrat, Spain, 338 Thailand, 290 Moradas, New Mexico, USA, 339 Lalibela, Ethiopia, 291 Moria, South Africa, 341 La Vang, Quang Tri, Vietnam, 292 Mormon Temple, Utah, USA, 343 Le Puy-en-Velay, France, 293 Mound Builders, USA, 344 Lindisfarne, England, 294 Mountains, 347 Lisieux, France, 296 Mount Athos, Greece, 349 Loboc, Vizcaya, Philippines, 297 Mount Brandon, Ireland, 351 Loppiano, Italy, 298 Mount Carmel, Israel, 352 Loreto, Italy, 299 Mount Fuji, Japan, 353 Lough Derg, Ireland, 300 Mount Kailash, Tibet, China, 355 Lourdes, France, 302 Mount Kenya, Kenya, 357 Luther Circle, Germany, 305 Mount Meru, 359 Ly Bat De, Dinh Bang, Vietnam, 307 Mount Nebo, Jordan, 359 Machu Picchu, Peru, 309 Mount Shasta, California, USA, 360 Maria Lionza, Sorte, Venezuela, 310 Mount Sinai, Egypt, 362 Marian Apparitions, 311 Muharram, India, 364 Mariapocs, Hungary, 315 Al-Muharraq, Assiut, Egypt, 365 Mariazell, Austria, 316 Muslim Pilgrimage, 366 Martyrs’ Hill, Nagasaki, Japan, 317 Masada, Israel, 318 Volume 2 Masjid al-Badawi, Tanta, Egypt, 320 Nachman of Breslov, Uman, Ukraine, 369 Maximon, Santiago Atitlan, Guatemala, 321 Najaf, Iraq, 370 Medicine Wheels, Canada/USA, 323 Nankana Sahib, Pakistan, 371 Medjugorje, Bosnia and Nan Madol, Pohnpei, 372 Herzegovina, 324 Nara, Japan, 373 Contents | ix Native American Sacred Places, 375 Pilgrimage, 422 Nazareth, Israel, 378 Pilgrim’s Progress, England, 425 Nazca Lines, Peru, 379 Plaine du Nord, Haı¨ti, 426 New Age, 380 Plotzensee Memorial, Berlin, Newgrange, Ireland, 382 Germany, 427 Nidaros, Trondheim, Norway, 383 Pochayiv Lavra, Pochayiv, Ukraine, 429 Nikko, Japan, 385 Po Lin, Hong Kong, China, 431 North American Martyrs, New York/ Ontario, 387 Potala Palace, Tibet, China, 432 Nui Ba Den, Tay Ninh, Vietnam, 388 Prambanan, Candi Prambanan, Indonesia, 434 Oberammergau, Bavaria, Germany, 391 Pyramids of Giza, Cairo, Egypt, 435 Old-New Synagogue, Prague, Czech Qalandar Shrine, Sehwan, Pakistan, 439 Republic, 392 Qom, Iran, 440 Olympia, Greece, 393 Qufu, China, 442 Orissa Triangle, India, 396 Quinming Festival, Taiwan/China, 443 Oscar Wilde Grave, Paris, France, 398 Rachel’s Tomb, Bethlehem, Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove, Palestine, 445 Nigeria, 399 Rapa Nui, Easter Island, Chile, 446 Our Lord in the Attic, Amsterdam, The Relics, 448 Netherlands, 400 Religious Tourism, 450 Pac Ou Caves, Laos, 403 Rey, Iran, 453 Padre Cicero Shrine, Juazeiro, al-Reza Shrine, Mashhad, Iran, 454 Brazil, 404 Rila Monastery, Bulgaria, 455 Padre Pio Shrine, San Giovanni El Rincon, Santiago de las Vegas, Rotondo, Italy, 405 Cuba, 457 Painted Monasteries, Romania, 406 Rocamadour, France, 458 Paray-le-Monial, France, 408 Rock of Cashel, Ireland, 460 Paris, France, 410 Rome, Italy, 461 Pashupatinath, Deopatan, Nepal, 413 Sabarimala, Kerala, India, 465 Patmos, Dodecanese, Greece, 414 Sabbathday Lake, Maine, 466 Pedro Betancourt Shrine, Antigua, Sacre Coeur, Paris, France, 468 Guatemala, 415 Sacrimonte, Italy, 470 Perchersk Lavra, Kiev, Ukraine, 416 Sagrada Familia, Barcelona, Spain, 471 Pere Lachaise Cemetery, France, 418 Saint Anthony of Padua, Italy, 473 Petra, Jordan, 419 Sainte-Anne De Beaupre´, Que´bec, El Pilar, Spain, 421 Canada,