SCE J. Osborne A. Tudora Collaborators To FCC study SCE-DOD-FS Section Organisation SCE Future Studies Section (FS) Section Leader: John OSBORNE International Linear Collider CLIC, Muon Collider Engineers Alexandra Jonathan Roddy Darragh Eliseo Perez- Tudora Gall Cunningham O’Brien Duenas Future Circular Physics Beyond Tunnel Selected CE Project Tunnel Asset Collider (FCC) Colliders (PBC) Photogrammetry/Fibre Delivery Management Optic Studies The Mission of CERN Push back the frontiers of knowledge E.g. the secrets of the Big Bang …what was the matter like within the first moments of the Universe’s existence? Develop new technologies for accelerators and detectors Information technology - the Web and the GRID Medicine - diagnosis and therapy Train scientists and engineers of tomorrow Unite people from different countries and cultures CERN: founded in 1954: 12 European States SCE “Science for Peace” Today: 23 Member States Employees: ~2700 staff, 800 fellows Associates: ~12600 users, 1800 others Budget (2019) ~ 1200 MCHF Member States: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom Associate Members in the Pre-Stage to Membership: Cyprus, Slovenia Associate Member States: Croatia, India, Lithuania, Pakistan, Turkey, Ukraine Applications for Membership or Associate Membership: Brazil, Estonia Observers to Council: Japan, Russia, United States of America; European Union, JINR and UNESCO 5 CERN Civil Engineering Works : Past and Future Projects John Osborne ALICE CMS ATLAS LHCb Basic constituents of matter Fundamental laws of nature CERN – European Centre for Nuclear Research Higgs Boson Discovery CERN tunnels and geology • Large Hadron Collider : - 27km long - 50-175m depth - 4.5m ø TBM tunnels - Molasse and limestone Total underground tunnels >70km More than 80 Caverns 9 ‘CERN’ Geology Rock properties Rock type Average σc (Mpa) Moraines • Glacial deposits comprising gravel, sands silt and clay Sandstone weak 10.6 • Water bearing unit strong 22.8 • Low strength Very strong 48.4 Molasse Sandy marl 13.4 • Mixture of sandstones, marls and formations of intermediate composition Marl 5.7 • Considered good excavation rock • Relatively dry and stable Molasse Compression strengths • Relatively soft rock • However, some risk involved • Weak marl horizons between stronger layers are zones of weakness • Faulting due to the redistribution of ground stresses • Structural instability (swelling, creep, squeezing) Limestone • Hard rock • Normally considered as sound tunneling rock • In this region fractures and karsts encountered • Risk of tunnel collapse • High inflow rates measured during LEP construction (600L/sec) Model of tunnel collapse caused by Karsts • Clay-silt sediments in water • Rockmass instabilities 10 CERN Civil Engineering Works : Past and Future Projects LHC Civil Engineering 1998-2005 John Osborne CERN Civil Engineering Works : Past and Future Projects LHC Civil Engineering 1998-2005 John Osborne CERN Civil Engineering Works : Past and Future Projects LHC Civil Engineering costs John Osborne LHC Civil Engineering costs TOTAL COST IN THE ORDER OF 490 MCHF Consultants Architects 12% Geotechnical 53.9 MCHF (36.7 M€) 62% 26% Surface works Underground works 116.8 MCHF 272.4 MCHF (79.4 M€) (185.3 M€) • High Luminosity LHC Project (HL-LHC) Packages 1 : • 1a : Architect contract for building permit submission (CH) • 1b : Consultants for design of underground and surface • 1c : Contractor for underground and Packages 2 : surface works • 2a : Architect contract for building permit submission (F) • 2b : Consultants for design of underground and surface • 2c : Contractor for underground and surface works • High Luminosity LHC Project (HL-LHC) Civil Engineering Design • Building Permit (CH/FR) architects: • Civil engineering Consultants started Preliminary design in June 2016: - Consortium ORIGIN at P1: - Consortium LAP at P5: • High Luminosity LHC Project (HL-LHC) Construction Contracts • Point 1 Contractor: Joint Venture Marti Meyrin (JVMM); Accepted Contract Amount 67 million CHF; contract duration of 53 months (until 31.08.2022) Country of origin: Switzerland, Austria, Germany; • Point 5 Contractor: Consortium Implenia Baresel (CIB); Accepted Contract Amount 58 million EUR; contract duration of 54 months (until 30.09.2022) Country of origin: Switzerland, Germany, France; HL-LHC civil engineering schedule Main excavation Works remain to works during LS2 be tendered ... (vibrations) 17 • High Luminosity LHC Project (HL-LHC) Point 1 Shaft High Luminosity LHC Project (HL-LHC) Excavation virtually complete, lining on-going Vertical Cores (scheduled in next LHC shutdown 2024) 20 CE Project delivery : Eliseo Perez-Duenas Eliseo Perez-Duenas - SMB-SE-FAS 2021 - Outlook • Support for ISOLDE delivery • EPIC project support and New Beam Dumps • Support for tunnel inspections, monitoring and asset management Tunnel Asset Management (TAM) Roddy Cunningham SMB-SE-FAS c. 90% of tunnels inspected during LS2 Work with EN-SMM to develop automated and remote inspection systems CERN Tunnelling Workshop 2019 Detailed investigations at TT61 (heaved invert), Point 2 (tunnel movement), PM54 (hydrocarbon ingress), PMI2 (concrete fall-out) Ad-hoc support to projects (HiLumi P1, SPS BD, FASER, eSPS) Tunnel Asset Management (TAM) 2020/21 Design guidance for future projects Investigations into TT61, Point 2 and LHC 3-4 Make inspection data freely accessible internally (and externally for machine learning data ?) Connect existing sensors into GIS Finalise TAM Strategy & Maintenance Plan Maintenance plan for future shutdowns Tunnel Asset Management (TAM) Darragh O’Brien and Zhipeng Xiao (SMB-SE-FAS) from University College Cork Summary 2019 Outlook 2020/21 • Build up 3D finite element model for tunnel TT10 • Monitoring for long term • Distributed Fibre Optic Sensing (DFOS) • Analyse the effect of drainage condition and the • Coupled hydro-mechanical finite element analysis distribution of displacement and pore pressure • Validation of FE results and monitoring collected data • Infer the potential deformation mechanisms of • Parametric analysis to identify and understand the response of tunnel structure from displacement tunnel lining • Readings of monitoring systems in TT10 • Develop automated crack recognition systems 3D Finite Element model Pore pressure Fibre optic of tunnel loops Automated crack recognition CERN Circular Colliders + FCC 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 Constr. Physics LEP Design Proto Construction Physics LHC Design Construction Physics HL-LHC 20 years Future Collider Design Proto Construction Physics Michael Benedikt – Washington Workshop March 2015 The Future Circular Collider SCE Collision energy: 100TeV Circumference: 80km-100km Physics considerations: Enable connection to the LHC (or SPS) Construction: c.2030-2037 Cost: ˜6Billion CHF for Civil works Aims of the civil engineering feasibility study: Is 80km-100km feasible in the Geneva basin? Can we go bigger? What is the ‘optimal’ size? What is the optimal position? Spoil: ˜10million m3 of excavated material Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) Studies at CERN 9 Physics Beyond Colliders (PBC) PBC is a programme aimed at exploiting the full scientific potential of CERN's accelerator complex and its scientific infrastructure through projects complementary to the LHC, HL-LHC and other possible future colliders. • Main studies: • Beam Dump Facility (BDF) • electrons in the SPS (eSPS) • ForwArd Search ExpeRiment (FASER) • Neutrinos from STORed Muons (nuSTORM) • Plasma Electron Proton/Ion Collider (PEPIC) • Advanced Proton driven Plasma Wakefield Experiment (AWAKE)++ • Electric Dipole Moments (EDM) Storage Ring • MAssive Timing Hodoscope for Ultra Stable neutraL pArticles (MATHUSLA) 28 European Strategy Update 2020 SCE Core sentence and main request “order of the further FCC study”: “Europe, together with its international partners, should investigate the technical and financial feasibility of a future hadron collider at CERN with a centre-of-mass energy of at least 100 TeV and with an electron-positron Higgs and electroweak factory as a possible first stage. Such a feasibility study of the colliders and related infrastructure should be established as a global endeavour and be completed on the timescale of the next Strategy update.” Feasibility study to be delivered end 2025 as input for ESPP Update expected for 2026/2027. FCC Civil engineering overview SCE Shafts: Experimental Shafts: 15 m dia. + 10 m dia. Service shafts: 12 m dia. Magnet delivery shaft:18 m Small Experimental Caverns 30 m x 35 m x 66m Alcoves • 25 m x 6 m x 6 m • Located at 1.5km spacing Large Experimental Caverns 35 m x 35 m x 66 m Beam Dump Caverns • 10 m x 10 m x 50 m Tunnels: Service Caverns • 97.75 km of 5.5 dia. machine tunnel • 25 m x 15 m x 100 m • Approx. 8 km 5.5 dia by-pass tunnels Underground civil infrastructure for FCC - 3D schematic (not to30 scale) Typical tunnel cross section in ‘’good’’ molasse SCE Machine tunnel cross sections and lining conceptsSCE Lining Type 1 Lining Type 2 & 3 Lining type 4 • TBM tunnel in ‘good’ molasses • Mined tunnels in limestone Cast-in-situ Pre-cast concrete Lining types 2 concrete invert element • TBM tunnel in jointed molasse with high risk of groundwater infiltration • In sectors where there is relatively low rock Pre-cast concrete invert (HL-LHC) cover to the