Timeline of the Holocaust Asset Guide Photos, Artifacts, & Instructional Videos Documents, Handouts, & Maps Testimonies Year Date Entry Stickers with Nazi propaganda Hindenburg and Hitler in Harry Hankin describes the day Hitler slogans: "One People, One Potsdam, Germany was appointed Chancellor of Germany Reich, One Fuhrer" Echoes Student Handout: The Weimar and reflects on the belief of older Republic and the Rise of the Nazi Party German Jews who thought Hitler would JAN Key Historical Concepts in A sign calling on Germans to only be in power for a short period of 30- Adolf Hitler becomes Holocaust Education: The greet each other with "Heil time. FEB 1 chancellor of Germany Weimar Republic Hitler" FEB The Reichstag building after being set on fire in Berlin, Germany, Henry Small recalls being called to work 27- on February 27, 1933 on the night of the Reichstag arson. MAR Reichstag arson leads to 5 state of emergency Graph: results of elections to Reichstag elections: the Hitler voting in elections at the German Reichstag, March MAR Nazis gain 44 percent of Koenigsberg, Germany, 1933 5, 1933 5 the vote Key Historical Concepts in Herbert Kahn describes why and how First concentration A view of the barracks in the Echoes Student Handout: Concentration Holocaust Education: Nazi his older brother was arrested and sent MAR camp is established in camp of Dachau, Germany Camps 22 Dachau, Germany Camps to Dachau. Adolf Hitler watches an SA Key Historical Concepts in MAR The Nazis sponsor the procession in Dortmund, Holocaust Education: The 24 Enabling Act Germany, 1933 Totalitarian Regime A man supporting the boycott of Jewish businesses, next to Sign from Nazi Germany: a Jewish-owned store in "Jews are not wanted here" Berlin, Germany, April 1933 Otto Hertz remembers the humiliation he felt when his family's store was Nazi propaganda, boycott boycotted. sign, 1933 Sign from "The German The Nazis declare a Workers' Front" which reads boycott of all Jewish A Nazi propaganda sticker "Free of Jews" 1933 APR 1 businesses in Germany Civil Service Reform - A sign in Germany calling for a Nameplate of Dr. Werner Yad Vashem Resource Center: Jews are barred from general boycott of all Jewish Liebenthal, Notary & Exemptions from the Civil Service Law, working in the civil businesses, April 1933 Advocate Berlin, April 4, 1933 service and are stripped APR 7 of their equal rights Judith Becker recounts the consequences of her brother being School quota system allowed to attend school for longer limits the number of A class in a Jewish school before the war, Berlin, Germany than other Jewish students. Jewish high school and APR university students in Heinz Bohm discusses why he was 25 Germany allowed to go to school in 1933. SS men gathering books to be The Nazis burn burned in Germany A public burning of books in thousands of anti-Nazi, Berlin, Germany, May 10, MAY Jewish-authored, and A book burning in Berlin, 1933 10 other books Germany, 1933 Reich Law Gazette, Forced sterilization of Propaganda slide featuring July 25, German citizens with two doctors working at an 1933, with the announcement unidentified asylum for the of the Law for the Prevention JUL congenital disabilities mentally ill, Germany, 1934 of Diseased Offspring 14 begins Yad Vashem Resource Center: Excerpt Hitler mounting the staircase during a gathering of the NSDAP in from the Compendium of the JUL Germany is proclaimed Bueckeberg, Germany, 1934 Constitutional Laws and Principles of 14 a one-party state Nazi Ideology (Weltanschauung) Letter from German Foreign Hitler announcing on the Minister, Konstantin von radio Germany's withdrawal Neurath, stating Germany’s Germany quits League from the League of Nations in withdrawal from the League OCT of Nations and Berlin, Germany, 1933 14 disarmament talks of Nations Graph: results of elections to The Nazi Party gets 92 A Nazi parade in Meiningen, the German Reichstag, NOV percent of the vote in Germany, 1931 12 one-party elections November 12, 1933 Echoes & Reflections is a trademark of the Echoes & Reflections Partnership. © 2005-2018 All rights reserved. 1 Year Date Entry Photos, Artifacts, & Instructional Videos Documents, Handouts, & Maps Testimonies JAN German-Polish non- Photograph of Polish statesman, Józef Piłsudski 26 aggression pact 1934 Ludwig Spiro discusses the death of his JUN "The Night of the Long Photograph of Ernst Roehm, the SA Chief of Staff neighbor on "The Night of the Long 30 Knives" Knives". President Hindenburg in Germany, before the war President Hindenburg with Hitler in uniform next to a Hitler, in Germany AUG German President soldier carrying a swastika flag in Germany 2 Hindenburg dies Year Date Entry Photos, Artifacts, & Instructional Videos Documents, Handouts, & Maps Testimonies Lidia Vago recounts how a stamp made A march in the Saar region of Germany on the day of the Map of Europe after 1919 and the her understand one of the goals of Nazi JAN Germany reclaims the referendum about Saar, January 13, 1935 Treaty of Versailles 13 Saar region Germany: land expansion. Adolf Hitler standing with military men before the Tower of Honor on the Remembrance MAR Military conscription in Day for German heroes, Berlin, 16 Germany begins Germany, 1935 1935 Jewish people are no Yad Vashem Resource Center: Protest of longer allowed to serve A mass assembly of the German army in Munich, Germany, the Reichsvertretung against the refusal MAY in the German armed November 7, 1935 to include Jews in the Wehrmacht, 31 forces March 1935 Measuring instrument for A Nazi parade, 1935 racial classifications from the 1930s A chart from Germany A tool used for measuring the Echoes Student Handout: Nazi Germany Herbert Kohn details how Nuremberg displaying who was considered bridge of the nose for racial and Anti-Jewish Policy Laws impacted his father's business. a Jew according to the purposes Nuremberg Laws Nuremberg Laws SEP Key Historical Concepts in Holocaust Education: Nuremberg Laws 15 enacted Year Date Entry Photos, Artifacts, & Instructional Videos Documents, Handouts, & Maps Testimonies MAR The Germans enter the On the left, the German army entering the Rhineland; on the right, a tank manufacturing plant 7 Rhineland Irene Spiegel, a member of the United Spain's Head of State, Francisco Franco, making a speech in Bilbao, Professionals union, explains her JUL The Spanish Civil War Spain, June 1939 decision to go to Spain as a nurse during 17 begins the Spanish Civil War. German athletes are giving the Bearers of the Olympic flag in Nazi salute during an awards Yad Vashem Resource Center: Order to Berlin, Germany, 1936 Anthony Marreco remembers attending ceremony at the Olympic party leaders in Bavaria to remove anti- 1936 the 1936 Olympics in Berlin, Germany. AUG The Summer Olympic Games in Berlin, Germany, Athletes Jesse Owens and Luz Jewish signs, Summer 1936 Long in Berlin, Germany, 1936 1 Games begin in Berlin 1936 A traveling exhibition of the A photograph of a military "Four Year Plan" in Krakow, The Four Year Plan is training of German soldiers Poland SEP 9 unveiled The Rome-Berlin Axis Agreement is signed Adolf Hitler and Benito Adolf Hitler and Benito between Italy and Mussolini in Germany, 1934 Mussolini in uniform OCT Germany based on 25 political interests Hitler receiving a delegation Signing of the Anti-Comintern from the Japanese navy in NOV Germany and Japan sign Pact, 1936 25 a military pact Berlin, Germany, 1934 Year Date Entry Photos, Artifacts, & Instructional Videos Documents, Handouts, & Maps Testimonies MAR Pope Pius XI responds to Pope Pius XI, head of the Catholic Church between 1922 to 1939 German racist policies 1937 21 Barbed wire fences and a Key Historical Concepts in watchtower at Buchenwald, Holocaust Education: Nazi Germany; photograph taken Camps post-war Echoes Student Handout: Concentration Camps Chess set made from paper in Buchenwald A prisoner's coat from Buchenwald by political JUL concentration camp is Buchenwald 19 established in Germany prisoner, Hermann Rautenberg Echoes & Reflections is a trademark of the Echoes & Reflections Partnership. 2 © 2005-2018 All rights reserved. Year Date Entry Photos, Artifacts, & Instructional Videos Documents, Handouts, & Maps Testimonies A concluding parade in A Photograph of the entry of Vienna, Austria, prior to the Alice Boddy recounts her brother the German army into Map of Nazi Domination in Europe, referendum concerning the finding her and taking her home on The Anschluss –The Scharnitz, Austria, on March 1938-1942 annexation of Austria to the the day of the Anschluss. MAR Annexation of Austria 13, 1938 11-13 by Nazi Germany Reich Storefront in Wuerzburg, A sign on a store owned by Germany, with signs calling to German Jews boycott Jewish businesses JUN Jewish businesses have with SS members outside the SA men hanging an antisemitic 14 to register as Jewish store, April 1, 1933 sign on a Jewish store Anti-Jewish economic policies restrict Jews’ A Jewish woman, who is concealing her face, sits on a park bench access to many fields of marked "Only for Jews" JUL 6 activity Miriam Gerber: After the Evian Yad Vashem Resource Center: "No One Conference, the Dominican Republic Wants to Have Them," article from was the only country that welcomed The Evian Conference in Evian, France, July 13, 1938 German newspaper, dated July 13, 1938 Jewish refugees, including Miriam's family. Echoes Student Handout: Evian Liesl Loeb discusses how immigration JUL 6 The Evian Conference Conference quotas impacted her family. Compulsory middle names for