PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE ASSOCIATION MAY 2014 CELEBRATING 90 YEARS OF THE ROGERS ACT THE AMERICAN WAY OF DIPLOMACY OUR MAN IN MOROCCO FOREIGN May 2014 SERVICE Volume 91, No. 5 AFSA NEWS FOCUS 90TH ANNIVERSARY OF AFSA AND THE FOREIGN SERVICE Senate Releases Hold on FS Employees / 51 Diplomacy in Dangerous Foreign Service, Civil Service: Places / 51 How We Got to Where We Are / 19 State VP Voice: Millennial Diplomacy / 52 The burden of two very different personnel systems, and a large and FAS VP Voice: New USDA growing cohort of appointees exempt from the disciplines of either, Under Secretary Position / 53 is taking a real toll on the Department of State—and the Foreign Service. AFSA on the Hill: BY HARRY KOPP The Multiplier Effect / 54 Honoring Toni Tomasek In the Beginning: The Rogers Act of 1924 / 26 on Foreign Affairs Day / 55 The Foreign Service Act of 1924, known as the Rogers Act, created Department of State by State / 56 the U.S. Foreign Service as we know it today. Here is how it happened. UNA-NCA Honors BY JIM LAMONT AND LARRY COHEN Amb. Edward Perkins / 56 Members Support Merit Awards Program / 57 Foreign Service Stories: What Makes Us Proud / 33 Advocating for Members of the U.S. Foreign Service share moments from their careers. FS Child Care Options / 58 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM AFSA MEMBERS International Studies: AFSA Meets Academia / 59 An AFSA Timeline: Selected Highlights / 38 “Nowruz Pirooz!” / 60 COLUMNS President’s Views / 7 In Defense of Nation-Building FEATURE BY ROBERT J. SILVERMAN Letter from the Editor / 8 The American Way of Diplomacy / 40 Remembering Our History How do we rescue U.S. foreign policy from creeping militarization? BY SHAWN DORMAN How can we resurrect diplomacy from the musty archives of the past? Speaking Out / 16 A diplomatic practitioner offers some answers. Getting State and the Foreign BY ROBERT HUTCHINGS Service Back in the Game BY ROBERT HUNTER FS HERITAGE Reflections / 81 On the Eve of Independence Day BY JENNIE WILLSON Charles W. Yost: Our Man in Morocco / 44 This account of Ambassador Charles Yost’s tenure in Morocco during the Cold War DEPARTMENTS offers a window into his remarkable career and the texture of postwar diplomacy. Letters / 9 BY FELICITY O. YOST Talking Points / 12 Books / 65 In Memory / 66 Local Lens / 82 MARKETPLACE Marketplace / 14 Classifieds / 73 Real Estate / 77 On the cover: The “father of the Foreign Service,” John Jacob Rogers, a Republican congressman Index to Advertisers / 80 from Massachusetts, is shown here in a portrait from 1921, courtesy of the Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. The photo of Ambassador Charles W. Yost, “Our Man in Morocco,” was taken in February 1971, when the distinguished diplomat served as president of the United Nations Security Council, having been called out of retirement in 1969 by President Richard Nixon to be the U.S. Permanent Representative to the U.N. Photo courtesy of UN Photo/Teddy Chen. THE FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL | MAY 2014 5 FOREIGN SERVICE Editor Shawn Dorman: [email protected] Managing Editor Susan Brady Maitra: [email protected] Ad & Circulation Manager Ed Miltenberger: [email protected] CONTACTS AFSA Headquarters: LABOR MANAGEMENT Art Director (202) 338-4045; Fax (202) 338-6820 General Counsel Caryn Suko Smith State Department AFSA Office: Sharon Papp: [email protected] Editorial Intern (202) 647-8160; Fax (202) 647-0265 Deputy General Counsel Bret Matera USAID AFSA Office: Zlatana Badrich: [email protected] (202) 712-1941; Fax (202) 216-3710 Labor Management Specialist Advertising Intern FCS AFSA Office: James Yorke: [email protected] Yuting “Cibil” Lu (202) 482-9088; Fax (202) 482-9087 Senior Staff Attorney Neera Parikh: [email protected] Contributing Editor GOVERNING BOARD Staff Attorney Steven Alan Honley: [email protected] President: Raeka Safai: [email protected] Robert J. Silverman; [email protected] Editorial Board Staff Attorney Secretary: Angela Dickey: [email protected] Andrew Large: [email protected] Jim DeHart, Chairman Treasurer: Hon. Charles A. Ford; [email protected] Labor Management Counselor Hon. Gordon S. Brown State Vice President: John Long: [email protected] Stephen W. Buck Matthew K. Asada; [email protected] Executive Assistant Ruth Hall USAID Vice President: Elizabeth Lee: [email protected] Maria C. Livingston Sharon Wayne; [email protected] USAID Senior Labor Management Adviser Richard McKee FCS Vice President: Douglas Broome: [email protected] Beth Payne Steve Morrison; [email protected] USAID Staff Assistant John G. Rendeiro Jr. FAS Vice President: Chioma Dike: [email protected] Duncan Walker David Mergen; [email protected] Tracy Whittington Retiree Vice President: MEMBER SERVICES Clayton Bond (AFSA Governing Board liaison) Lawrence Cohen; lawrencecohenassociates@ Member Services Director hotmail.com Janet Hedrick: [email protected] State Representatives: Deputy Director, Member Services and Events THE MAGAZINE FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS Clayton Bond Kristy Pomes: [email protected] PROFESSIONALS Everett “Alex” Copher Coordinator, Retiree Counseling The Foreign Service Journal (ISSN 0146-3543), 2101 E Todd Crawford Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20037-2990 is pub- Todd Thurwachter: [email protected] lished monthly, with combined January-February and Chuck Fee Associate Coordinator, Retiree Counseling July-August issues, by the American Foreign Service Ken Kero-Mentz and Legislation Association (AFSA), a private, nonprofit organization. Elise Mellinger Matthew Sumrak: [email protected] Material appearing herein represents the opinions of the Nancy Rios-Brooks Administrative Assistant and Office Manager writers and does not necessarily represent the views of Sue Saarnio the Journal, the Editorial Board or AFSA. Writer queries Ana Lopez: [email protected] and submissions are invited, preferably by e-mail. The Michael D. Thomas Journal is not responsible for unsolicited manuscripts, Lillian Wahl-Tuco COMMUNICATIONS photos or illustrations. Advertising inquiries are invited. David Zwach Director of Communications The appearance of advertisements herein does not imply USAID Representatives: Kristen Fernekes: [email protected] endorsement of the services or goods offered. Journal Andrew Levin Director of New Media subscription: AFSA member–$20, included in annual Ásgeir Sigfússon: [email protected] dues; student–$30; institution–$40; others–$50; Single Jason Singer issue–$4.50. For foreign surface mail, add $18 per year; FCS Representative: Publications Manager foreign airmail, $36 per year. Periodical postage paid Barbara Farrar Shawn Dorman: [email protected] at Washington, D.C., and at additional mailing offices. FAS Representative: Mark Petry Online Communications Specialist Indexed by the Public Affairs Information Services (PAIS). BBG Representative: Andre de Nesnera Jeff Lau: [email protected] Special Awards and Outreach Coordinator Email: [email protected] APHIS Representative: Mark C. Prescott Perri Green: [email protected] Phone: (202) 338-4045 Retiree Representatives: Marshall Adair Speakers Bureau Director Fax: (202) 338-8244 Hon. David Greenlee Thomas Switzer: [email protected] Web: www.afsa.org/fsj F. Allen “Tex” Harris ADVOCACY Hon. Edward Marks © American Foreign Service Association, 2014 Advocacy Director PRINTED IN THE U.S.A. STAFF Javier Cuebas: [email protected] Executive Director Senior Legislative Assistant Postmaster: Send address changes to Ian Houston: [email protected] David Murimi: [email protected] AFSA Executive Assistant to the President Attn: Address Change SCHOLARSHIPS Patrick Bradley: [email protected] 2101 E Street NW Scholarship Director Washington DC 20037-2990 BUSINESS DEPARTMENT Lori Dec: [email protected] Director of Finance Scholarship Assistant Femi Oshobukola: [email protected] Jonathan Crawford: [email protected] Controller Kalpna Srimal: [email protected] Assistant Controller Cory Nishi: [email protected] www.afsa.org 6 MAY 2014 | THE FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL PRESIDENT’S VIEWS In Defense of Nation-Building BY ROBERT J. SILVERMAN n one of my favorite Bill Murray Iraq); and it certainly is not the kind of mission should be delegated to the chief of movies, he plays a local television international relations traditionally associ- mission to implement on the ground. weatherman sent to cover the annual ated with diplomacy (see under Henry Second, the U.S. government should I Groundhog Day festivities in Punx- Kissinger, A World Restored). realize that the State Department is the sutawney, Pa. Murray openly despises Most importantly, it is often seen as natural leader of this enterprise. True, the assignment. Forced by bad weather just plain not feasible, an amorphous task USAID has critical expertise in certain to stay in the small town overnight, he without clear criteria for success at best sectors; Treasury plays an important role, continually awakens the following morn- and a waste of money at worst. State’s especially in liaising with the international ings to find himself reliving Groundhog Office of the Inspector General reflects financial institutions. And the military Day in the same place. He is only able to this skepticism in its March 2014 report on has the lead in security assistance and the break the time loop when he learns how the Bureau of Conflict and Stabilization resources to play a greater role in key infra- to handle the people and the assignment Operations. structure protection, while the intelligence well. So, given all this skepticism, why do we community is focused on the very different Is the United States stuck in a similar continue