IDRC - Lib L. 14 STYLE GUIDE for EDITORS and PROOFREADERS of IDRC BOOKS Distributed by IDRC Books International Development Research Centre PO Box 8500 Ottawa, ON Canada K1G 3B9 ® IDRC Books, October 1993 INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH CENTRE Ottawa Cairo 0 Dakar 0 Johannesburg Montevideo 0 Nairobi 9 New Delhi 0 Singapore If you have comments, corrections, or suggested additions for this style guide, please pass them, in writing, to Bill Carman Senior Science Writer/Editor IDRC Books 250 Albert Street, PO Box 8500 Ottawa, ON Canada K1G 3119 Phone: (613) 236-6163 ext. 2089 Fax: (613) 563-0815 Internet: [email protected] CONTENTS QUESTION MARK .......... 25 INDEX ................ v QUOTATION MARKS ........ 25 Single (`) and double (") quotes FOREWORD xv 25; IDRC rule 26; Double ........... quotes 26; Single quotes 26 APOSTROPHE 26 ONE WORDS 1 ............. - .......... SOLIDUS ................ 27 SPELLING AUTHORITY 1 ...... Names 27 Choice in Webster's 1; PARENTHESES AND BRACKETS 28 Exceptions to Webster's 1; Parentheses 28; Brackets 29; Words frequently misspelled 2 Braces 29 GEOGRAPHIC NAMES 6 ....... HYPHENS AND DASHES 29 Sources 6; Variants from the ..... Hyphen, en dash, and em dash sources 6 29; Definitions 30; Typing ORGANIZATION NAMES 6 ..... hyphen and dashes 30; IDRC Official names 6; Translating style with em dash 31 organization names 7 TECHNICAL WORDS ........ 8 Accuracy 8; Sources 8; Plant, THREE - ONE TO NINE microorganism, and animal names AND BEYOND ........ 33 8 NUMBERS ............... 33 CONFUSED PAIRS .......... 10 General rule 33; Ordinal ACCENTS ................ 12 numbers 33; Numbers above 999 IDRC rule 12 33; Miscellaneous points on CAPITALIZATION .......... 13 numbers 34; Solidus (n 34 IDRC style 13 UNITS .................. 35 PREFIXES ............... 15 Conversions 35; SI (Sys0me SUFFIXES ............... 16 International d'Unit6s) 37 COMPOUND WORDS ........ 16 TEMPERATURE ........... 38 IDRC's style 16; Paired TIME ................... 39 compounds 17; Rules on Years 39; Dates 39; Time of compounds 17 day 39 WRITING PROBLEMS ....... 8 MATHEMATICS ........... 39 Constructions to avoid 18 STATISTICS .............. 40 CURRENCIES ........... 40 TWO - SERIAL COMMA Selected ISO country and AND OTHER DEVICES 21 currency codes 41 Gray areas 21; IDRC rules 21 FOUR REFERENCES 45 PERIOD ................. 21 - ... Primary use 21 Definition 45 ELLIPSIS ................ 21 CITATION ............... 45 Ellipsis with punctuation 21 IDRC rule 45; Author-date CENTRED DOT ............ 22 system 45; References with COMMA ................. 22 multiple authors 46; Numbered Purpose of comma 22 references 47; Punctuation 47; COLON ................. 24 Miscellaneous points 47 SEMICOLON .............. 24 BIBLIOGRAPHY ........... 49 EXCLAMATION MARK ...... 25 Sequencing of entries 49; In mathematics 25 Sequencing of elements 49; Miscellaneous points 50; Abbreviations in reference lists SEVEN - ACRONYMS 51; Bibliographies 52 AND ADDRESSES ..... 75 ABBREVIATIONS AND OFFICIAL FIVE . -LANGUAGE BIAS 53 NAMES ............... 75 PHILOSOPHY ............. 53 Periods in abbreviations 75; Generic vs false generic 53; Abbreviations and articles 76; Racial, social, and gender Sources 76; US two-letter state stereotypes 53; Parallel and codes 77; Provincial two-letter inclusive treatment 53; codes 78 Limitations IDRC rules 53; 53; ADDRESSES .............. 8 In IDRC publications 54; Addresses in text 78; Participants Challenged vs disabled or lists 78; Unpublished material handicapped 54; Context 55; 78; IDRC's address 78 Underdeveloped, etc. 55; Black Africa 56; Age, sex, religion, EIGHT PROOFREADING 9 and race 56; Ageism 57; - LINE-BREAK HYPHENATION .. 80 Religious names 57 Clear presentation 80; Rules 80 WORD USAGE ............ 57 TYPE FACES 82 Man as a generic 57; Man in .......... ... Underlining 82; Italics 82 compound words Persons 58; WORDPERFECT CHARACTER and other people 58; Pronoun CODES 3 problems 58; Other words 60; ................ Spanish and Portugese 83; Miscellaneous words 61 Mathematics 83; Greek 84; TREATMENT OF MATERIALS . 61 Miscellaneous 84 Generalizations 61; Parallel wording and standard sequences 62 NINE - FOOTNOTES AND POSSIBLE SUBSTITUTE WORDS 63 QUOTES ............ 85 FOOTNOTES .............. 85 SIX GRAPHICS IDRC's style 85; Text 85 - QUOTATIONS AND TABLES 65 ............. 86 Accu racy 86 ; Long quot ati ons ILLUSTRATIONS ........... 65 86; Short quotations 86; Definition 65; Guidelines for Omissions from quotations 87; IDRC books 65; Illustration size Sample quotation 88; Remove 66 direct quotations 88; Punctuation LINE DRAWINGS .......... 66 in quotations 88 Originals 66; Type size 66; Styles of line drawings 66; Notes REFERENCES AND SOURCES 89 67; Forms as illustration 69 PHOTOGRAPHS ........... 9 Photographic print 69; Notes 69 TABLES ................. 70 Rules for IDRC tables 70; Table layout 74 iv INDEX A Article title and quotation marks ........... 26 Abbreviations Author address as an appendix .............. 75 personal communication ........ 78 at start of sentence ............ 76 unpublished material ........... 78 Canadian provinces ........... 78 Author-date system compass directions ............ 75 references ................. 45 forSI .................... 37 in illustrations ............... 68 B in reference lists .......... 51,76 in statistics ................. 40 Biased language in tables ............... 71,73 alternate words .............. 63 Latin-based, avoiding .......... 75 avoiding .................. 61 no hyphenation .............. 80 feminine suffixes ............. 60 of countries ................ 75 in quotations ................ 54 of generic (scientific) names ...... 9 man ............. ......57 organization names .......... 6,75 man as a generic ............. 57 periods in .............. 21,75 man as a verb ............... 58 plurals ................... 27 man in compound words ........ 58 prohibition of non-SI .......... 37 pronouns .................. 58 Regional Office acronyms ..... 7,77 solutions .................. 59 sources ................... 76 word choice ............. 63,64 units of measure ............. 77 words to avoid .............. 61 units of measure, restriction ...... 34 Bibliographies university degrees ............ 77 defining ............... 45,49 US states .................. 77 guideline .................. 52 use of definite and indefinite articles . 76 Bird names with numbers ............... 80 capitalization ............... 14 Accents in English Black Africa, avoidance ........... 56 IDRC rule ................. 12 Boldface names of institutions ........... 12 underlining ................ 82 names of people ............. 12 Book chapter place names ................ 13 and quotation marks ........... 26 Acronyms not italics ................. 82 See Abbreviations Book titles Addresses italics .................... 82 authors of personal communication .. 48 Boy vs man ................... 55 IDRC's in text .............. 78 Braces { ) .................... 29 in participants list ............ 78 in mathematics .............. 29 in text .................... 78 Brackets [ ] ................... 29 Adjectives See also Parentheses ( ) compound with hyphen ......... 30 for estimated year of publication ... 48 compound with numbers ........ 34 for republished works .......... 48 coordinate with comma ......... 23 in mathematics .............. 29 Alignment in quotations ................ 86 in photographs .............. 69 in reference list .............. 51 Article insertions in quotations ......... 88 definite with abbreviations ....... 76 British (Imperial) units indefinite with abbreviations ...... 76 conversion to SI units .......... 35 C Compound words (continued) IDRC style for hyphenation ...... 16 Canadian provinces importance of hyphenation ....... 17 abbreviations ...............78 no hyphens ...... .......... 17 Capitalization rules for hyphenating modifiers .... 17 books and articles ............ 13 rules for hyphenation .......... 17 common names .............. 9 Conjunctions formal epoch, age, etc. ......... 14 coordinating with comma ........ 23 gene, chromosome, etc.......... 14 Constructions to avoid ............ 18 genus, etc ................ 8, 14 Contractions geographic names ............ 14 no hyphenation .............. 80 IDRC style ................ 13 with apostrophe .............. 27 organization names ............ 14 Conversion religious and other titles ........ 13 British measure to SI ......... 35 species of bird .............. 14 Conversion values taxa ..................... 8 between British and SI systems .... 36 trade names ................ 13 Copublication Centred dot in references ................ 51 definition .................. 22 Corporate authors multiplication ............... 22 references ................. 49 Chapter of book Countries and quotation marks ........... 26 ISO codes .............. 41-44 Chemistry sequence in lists ............. 6 water of hydration ............ 22 Crop marks Christian era on photographs .............. 69 AD and BC ................ 77 Cross-references Citation internal ................... 48 See References, citation Cultivars Cities and towns in quotation marks ............ 26 spelling ................... 6 not italic .................. 82 Coined term use of roman type ............ 9 with quotation marks .......... 26 Currencies ...................40 Colon ...................... 24 conversion to US dollars ........ 41 Columns exchange rates from bank ....... 41 hyphenation of last line ......... 80 in