2014 NDHIWA SUB-COUNTY INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2014-2019 MASENO UNIVERSITY Department of Urban and Regional Planning 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................................................ 8 CHAPTER ONE .................................................................................................................................................................. 10 1.0 Overview .................................................................................................................................................................... 10 1.1 Goal ............................................................................................................................................................................ 10 1.2 Purpose of the study .................................................................................................................................................. 10 1.3 Background to the study ............................................................................................................................................ 11 1.4 Problem statement .................................................................................................................................................... 13 1.5 Justification ................................................................................................................................................................ 15 CHAPTER 2 ........................................................................................................................................................................ 16 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW .................................................................................................................................................. 16 2.1 Planning Principles ..................................................................................................................................................... 16 2.1.1 Sustainability ........................................................................................................................................................... 16 2.1.2 Integration ............................................................................................................................................................... 22 2.1.2.1 Functional integration .......................................................................................................................................... 22 2.1.2.2 Social integration ................................................................................................................................................. 23 2.1.3 Green Economy ....................................................................................................................................................... 24 2.1.3.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................... 24 2.1.3.2 Objectives of green economies ............................................................................................................................ 25 2.1.3.3 Enabling conditions for green economy .............................................................................................................. 25 2.1.3.4 Significance of green economies ......................................................................................................................... 26 2.2 Legal framework......................................................................................................................................................... 27 2.2.1 Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) ................................................................................................................ 27 2.2.2 Vision 2030 ......................................................................................................................................................... 28 2.2.3 The Constitution of Kenya (2010) ........................................................................................................................... 28 2.2.4 The National Land Policy ......................................................................................................................................... 28 2.2.5 County Government Act, 2012 ............................................................................................................................... 29 2.2.6 Physical Planning Act, 1996 ..................................................................................................................................... 29 2.2.7 The Urban Areas and Cities Act, 2011 ..................................................................................................................... 31 2.2.8 Environmental Management and Coordination Act (EMCA, 1999) ........................................................................ 31 2.3 Institutional frameworks ............................................................................................................................................ 32 CHAPTER 3 3.0 STUDY AREA............................................................................................................................................ 35 3.1 LOCATION ................................................................................................................................................................... 35 3.2 HISTORY ...................................................................................................................................................................... 38 4 3.3 GEOLOGICAL AND SOIL CHARACTERISTICS ................................................................................................................ 38 3.4 CLIMATE ..................................................................................................................................................................... 39 3.5 VEGETATION............................................................................................................................................................... 39 3.6 WILDLIFE .................................................................................................................................................................... 40 3.8 DRAINAGE .................................................................................................................................................................. 40 3.9 LAND ........................................................................................................................................................................... 41 3.10 SOCIAL ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES ................................................................................................................................ 42 3.11.2 Demographic challenges in the Sub-county ......................................................................................................... 47 3.12 CULTURE AND CUSTOMS ......................................................................................................................................... 47 3.12.1 Favourite Dishes .................................................................................................................................................... 47 3.12.2 Religious customs .................................................................................................................................................. 47 3.12.2 Marriage customs ................................................................................................................................................. 48 3.12.3 Music ..................................................................................................................................................................... 48 3.12.4 Kinship, Family and Inheritance ............................................................................................................................ 49 3.13 INFRASTRUCTURE AND UTILITIES ............................................................................................................................ 49 3.13.1 COMMUNICATION ................................................................................................................................................ 49 3.13.2 SEWERAGE ............................................................................................................................................................ 50 3.13.3 WATER ................................................................................................................................................................... 51 3.13.4 TRANSPORT ........................................................................................................................................................... 51 CHAPTER 4 ........................................................................................................................................................................ 54 4.0 METHODOLOGY ......................................................................................................................................................... 54 4.1 Introduction ..............................................................................................................................................................