MARKET SYSTEM INTERVENTIONS AND RESILIENCE ASSESSMENT RESILIENCY THROUGH WEALTH AGRICULTURE AND NUTRITION (RWANU) MARKET SYSTEM INTERVENTIONS AND RESILIENCE ASSESSMENT AUTHORS: Godfrey Kayobyo, Independent Consultant Moses Okech, PhD, Independent Consultant Samuel Bbosa, Independent Consultant RESEARCH MANAGER AND TECHNICAL EDITOR: Melissa A. Schweisguth, ACDI/VOCA DATA COLLECTION: Irene Mushekwa, ACDI/VOCA Ibrahim Ogaram, ACDI/VOCA INTERPRETERS: Agnes Ishara, ACDI/VOCA Godfrey Lese, ACDI/VOCA DISCLAIMER December 18, 2016 This study is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents are the responsibility of ACDI/VOCA and do not necessarily reflect the view of USAID or the United States Government. RWANU Market System Interventions and Resilience Report TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ACRONYMS ........................................................................................................................................................... IV EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................................................... 1 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................................... 9 1.1. CONTEXTUAL IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY ............................................................................................................................ 9 1.2. BACKGROUND ON RWANU .............................................................................................................................................. 9 1.3. OBJECTIVES OF THE MARKET SYSTEM ASSESSMENT ............................................................................................................... 10 1.4. ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT ........................................................................................................................................ 10 2. METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................................................................................ 11 2.1. APPROACH TO THE ASSESSMENT: FRAMEWORK AND METHODS .............................................................................................. 11 2.2. SAMPLING ................................................................................................................................................................... 12 2.3. DATA COLLECTION ......................................................................................................................................................... 13 2.4. DATA ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................................................................. 14 3. SAVINGS AND CREDIT ACCESS ................................................................................................................................... 14 3.1. DESCRIPTION OF INTERVENTION AREA ................................................................................................................................ 15 3.2. IMPACT OF SAVINGS AND CREDIT ACCESS ON HOUSEHOLD RESILIENCE ..................................................................................... 16 3.2.1. Access to profitable output markets, affordable inputs and services, extension, and affordable credit ......... 16 3.2.2. Women’s participation in decision-making, income generation and income allocation ................................. 17 3.2.3. Social and economic networks......................................................................................................................... 18 3.2.4. Diversified income sources and production systems ....................................................................................... 18 3.2.5. Use of agricultural practices and technology that are adapted to stressors, and adaptable.......................... 19 3.2.6. Household asset base and access to food ....................................................................................................... 19 3.3. IMPACT ON SAVINGS AND CREDIT ACCESS DEVELOPMENT MARKET RESILIENCE .......................................................................... 20 3.3.1. Diversity of related products and diverse market channels ............................................................................. 20 3.3.2. Redundancy of multiple buyers, sellers and service providers ......................................................................... 20 3.3.3. Trusting relationships that allow cooperation, communication, learning and innovation .............................. 21 3.3.4. Market governance and policy environment characterized by transparency, equity and consistency ........... 21 3.4. GAPS AND REQUIRED ACTIONS TO STRENGTHEN RESILIENCE AND SUSTAIN OUTCOMES ................................................................. 21 3.5. SUSTAINABILITY ............................................................................................................................................................ 22 4. BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT TO YOUTH AND WOMEN .................................................................................. 22 4.1. DESCRIPTION OF MARKET INTERVENTION............................................................................................................................ 23 4.2. IMPACT OF BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT TO YOUTH AND WOMEN ON HOUSEHOLD RESILIENCE ............................................ 23 4.2.1. Access to profitable output markets, affordable inputs and services, extension, and affordable credit ......... 23 4.2.2. Women’s participation in decision-making, income generation and income allocation ................................. 24 4.2.3. Social and economic networks......................................................................................................................... 24 4.2.4. Diversified income sources and production systems ....................................................................................... 25 4.2.5. Use of agricultural practices and technology that are adapted to stressors, and adaptable.......................... 26 4.2.6. Household asset base and access to food ....................................................................................................... 26 4.3. IMPACT OF BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT TO YOUTH AND WOMEN ON MARKET RESILIENCE ................................................. 27 4.3.1. Diversity of related products and diverse market channels ............................................................................. 27 4.3.2. Redundancy of multiple buyers, sellers and service providers ......................................................................... 27 4.3.3. Trusting relationships that allow cooperation, communication, learning and innovation .............................. 27 4.3.4. Market governance and policy environment characterized by transparency, equity and consistency ........... 28 4.3.5. Gaps and required actions to strengthen resilience ........................................................................................ 28 5. CROP AND LIVESTOCK INPUTS AND SERVICE DEVELOPMENT .................................................................................... 28 i RWANU Market System Interventions and Resilience Report 5.1. DESCRIPTION OF CROP AND LIVESTOCK INPUTS AND SERVICE DEVELOPMENT INTERVENTION.......................................................... 29 5.2. IMPACT ON CROP AND LIVESTOCK INPUTS AND SERVICE DEVELOPMENT ON HOUSEHOLD RESILIENCE .............................................. 31 5.2.1. Access to profitable output markets, affordable inputs and services, extension, and affordable credit ......... 31 5.2.2. Women’s participation in decision-making, income generation and income allocation ................................. 34 5.2.3. Social and economic networks......................................................................................................................... 35 5.2.4. Diversified income sources and production systems ....................................................................................... 36 5.2.5. Use of agricultural practices and technology that are adapted to stressors, and adaptable.......................... 38 5.2.6. Household asset base and access to food ....................................................................................................... 39 5.2.7. Gaps and required actions to strengthen resilience ........................................................................................ 40 5.3. IMPACT OF CROP AND LIVESTOCK INPUTS AND SERVICE DEVELOPMENT ON MARKET RESILIENCE .................................................... 41 5.3.1. Diversity of related products and diverse market channels ............................................................................. 41 5.3.2. Redundancy of multiple buyers, sellers and service providers ......................................................................... 42 5.3.3. Trusting relationships that allow cooperation, communication, learning and innovation .............................. 43 5.3.4. Market governance and policy environment characterized by transparency, equity and consistency ........... 45 5.3.5. Gaps and actions needed to strengthen resilience .........................................................................................