The Rockefeller Foundation Annual Report THr. ^ *""1 '• r- , ! H 49 West 49th Street, New York 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation R PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation CONTENTS FOREWORD XV PRESIDENT'S REVIEW i REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 39 REPORT OF THE WORK OF THE INTERNATIONAL HEALTH DIVISION 45 i REPORT OF WORK IN THE MEDICAL SCIENCES 99 REPORT OF WORK IN THE NATURAL SCIENCES IJ7 REPORT OF WORK IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES l8l REPORT OF WORK IN THE HUMANITIES 219 OTHER APPROPRIATIONS 253 REPORT OF THE TREASURER 259 INDEX 327 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation ILLUSTRATIONS Frank Blair Hanson xr Type of forest in Uganda, Africa, where mosquitoes harboring yellow fever virus were caught 61 Clearing a canal of debris during the Anopheles gambiae campaign in Egypt 6f Controlling adult anophelines with DDT spray, Mexico 62 Collecting blood samples for hemoglobin determina- tions, Bolivia 62 Members of the Child Health Camp operated under the auspices of the North Carolina School-Health Coordinating Service 73 Dr. F. J. Stare, head of the Nutrition Department of the Harvard School of Public Health, at work in his laboratory 73 Child health conference at East York, Ontario, Health Unit 74 Dental service at the East York Health Unit 74 Occupational therapy, psychiatric teaching hospital, University of Tennessee HI School of Medicine, Vunderbill University in Chemicallaboratoryp, Research Dim si on jor Chronic Diseases^ New York City Department of Hospitals 112 Research at University College^ London 112 Professor Linus Pauling in his laboratory at Cali- fornia Institute of Technology 163 VI 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation Cyclotron control room, Research Institute for Physics, Stockholm f6j Dr. Franz Weidenreichy director of the Cenozoic Research Laboratory, Peking 164 Students in applied mathematics at Brown Uni- versity working out problems on calculating machines 164 Students in the Russian Institute-, Columbia Uni- versity', consulting with Professor Robinson^ head of the Institute 209 Tule Lake Segregation Center, California 209 Hampton Roads at the close of the war 210 Brazilian student at the Colorado School of Mines learning English in the language study laboratory 231 View of the language study laboratory at the Colo- rado School of Mines 231 Scene from Carriage Trade presented at the Cleve- land Play House 232 VU 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation TOE ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION Trustees, Committees and Officers 1945 TRUSTEES WntTHROP W. ALDRICH WALTER S. GIFFORO CHESTER I. BARNARD HENRY ALLEN MOB KARL T. COMFTON WILLIAM I. MYERS HAROLD W. DODDS THOMAS I. PARKINSON LEWIS W. DOUGLAS THOMAS PARRAN, M.D. JOHN FOSTER DULLES JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER, SRD RAYMOND B, FOSDICK ROBERT G. SPROUL DOUGLAS S. FREEMAN WALTER W. STEWART HERBERT S. GASSER, M.D. ARTHUR HAYS SULZBERGKR HAROLD H. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE THE PRESIDENT, Chairman CHESTER I. BARNARD HENRY ALLEN MOB JOHN FOSTER DULLES THOMAS I. PARKINSON HERBERT S. GASSER, M.D. WALTER W. STEWART FINANCE COMMITTEE THOMAS 1. PARKINSON, Chairman WINTHROP W. ALDRICH CHESTER I. BARNARD INTERNATIONAL HEALTH DIVISION SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS EUGENE L. BISHOP, M.D. HARRY S. MUSTARD, M.D. GORDON M. FAIR THOMAS PARRAN, M.D. WILTON L. HALVSRSON, M.D. LOWELL J. REED, PH.D. THE DIRECTOR OF THE DIVISION ' OFFICERS Chairman of the Board of Trustees WALTER W. STEWART President RAYMOND B. FOSDICK Vice-President THOMAS B. APPLEGET Secretary NORMA S. THOMPSON Treasurer EDWARD ROBINSON Comptroller GEORGE J. BEAL Counsel THOMAS M. DEBEVOISE Associate Counsel CHAUNCEY BELKNAP VANDERBILT WEBB Diredor, International Health Division GEORGE K. STRODE, M.D, Director for the Medical Sciences ALAN GREGG, M.D. Director for the Natural Sciences WARREN WEAVER Director for the Social Sciences JOSEPH H. WILLITS Director for the Humanities DAVID H. STEVENS viii 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation THE ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION Trustees3 Committees and Officers 1946 TRUSTEES WINTHROP W. ALDRICH JOHN J. MCCLOY CHESTER I. BABNARD HENRY ALLEN MOB KARL T. COMPTON WILLIAM I. MYERS HAROLD W. DODDS THOMAS I. PARKINSON LEWIS W. DOUGLAS THOMAS PARRAN, M.D. JOHN FOSTER DULLES JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER, 3RD RAYMOND B. FOSDICK ROBERT G. SPROUL DOUGLAS S. FREEMAN WALTER W. STEWART HERBERT S. GASSBR, M.D. ARTHUR HAYS SULZBBRGER WALTER S. GIFFORD HAROLD H. SWIFT EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE THE PRESIDENT, Chairman CHESTER I. BARNARD JOHN J. MCCLOY JOHN FOSTER DULLES HENRY ALLEN MOB HERBERT S. GASSER, M.D. WALTER W. STEWART FINANCE COMMITTEE THOMAS 1. PARKINSON, Cteirman WINTHROP W. ALDRICH CHESTER I. BARNARD INTERNATIONAL HEALTH DIVISION * SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS CHARLES H. BEST, M.D. HUGH J. MORGAN, M.D. GORDON M. FAIR THOMAS PARRAN, M.D. WILTON L. HALVBRSON. M.D. LOWELL J. REED, PH.D. THE DIRECTOR OF THE DIVISION OFFICERS Chairmen of the Board of Trustees WALTER W. STEWART President RAYMOND B. FOSDICK Vice-President THOMAS B. APPLEGET Secretary NORMA S. THOMPSON Treasurer EDWARD ROBINSON Comptroller GEORGE J. BEAL Counsel THOMAS M. DKBBVOISE Associate Counsel CHAUNCEY BELKNAP VANDERBILT WEBB Direetor, International Health Division GEORGE K. STRODE, M.D. Director for the Medical Sciences ALAN GREGG, M.D. Director for tin Natural Sciences WARREN WEAVER Director for the Social Sciences JOSEPH H. WILLITS Director for the Humanities DAVID H. STEVENS ix 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation FRANK BLAIR HANSON On July 21,1945, Frank Blair Hanson, Associate Director of the Natural Sciences Division of The Rockefeller Foundation, died of a cerebral hemorrhage, at the age of 59. Dr. Hanson had been associated with the Foundation since 1930, when he became an assistant in the Paris Office, administering the fellowship program. From 1933 to 1935 he was assistant di- rector of the Natural Sciences Division, and since 1936 had been associate director of the Division. Dr. Hanson's forebears traveled to Ohio in a covered wagon and his family settled in Bloomington, Illinois, where he was born on July 15, 1886. As a youth he wanted to have a professional career, but because of financial problems he had to make his own way after graduation from high school. While working at a government post in Washington he attended evening school at George Washington University, where he received a scholarship in 1909 and a bachelor's degree in 1913. A required course in zoology awakened his interest and determined the course of his future career. After graduate work at the University of Illinois he was appointed, in 1916, instructor in zoology at Washington University, St. Louis, and played an im- portant part in developing there, from inauspicious beginnings, a highly effective zoology department. Appointed professor of zoology in 1924, he became one of the University's prominent fig- ures. In 1927-28 he obtained leave of absence from the University to present papers before the Tenth International Congress of Zoology at Budapest and the Fifth International Congress of Genetics at Berlin, and to visit laboratories and breeding stations in Europe. His lectures, given largely without notes, were unusually lucid. His genial and mellow sense of humor, frequently embellished with a delightful whimsey of expression, was completely his own. His enthusiasm for research, unaccompanied by emotional display, kindled a like spirit in his students, many of whom now occupy important posts in biology and medicine. Author of some 50 publications, his interest first centered in comparative anatomy and embryology. In 1923 he became inter- ested in genetics. Following a period with Professor H. J. Muller in 1927, his investigations were concerned almost exclusively with 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation \$& F0//a wXtffclND *>^fa Photograph Excised Here )rrank Hhur I lunson 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation radiation genetics, a field in which he made important contributions. Some of the subjects which received his special attention are ver- tebrate morphology, origin of development of the shoulder girdle and sternum, inbreeding, effects of alcohol fumes on the albino rat, sex ratio, effects of X-rays and radium in producing mutations in Drosophila. Dr. Hanson worked under grants for research from the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the Radia- tion Committee of the National Research Council, and the Fluid Research Fund of Washington University. He conducted field research at Woods Hole, Cold Spring Harbor and the Department of Embryology at Johns Hopkins. The Marine Biological Labora- tory at Woods Hole was particularly close to his heart and he never overlooked an opportunity to further the work of that important center of biological research. In many ways the outstanding library of the Marine Biological Laboratory may be considered a lasting monument in his memory. With his family, Dr. Hanson delighted in spending the summers at Woods Hole. He was a member of Phi Beta Kappa, Sigma Xi, Phi Sigma, and of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Societies of Zoologists, Naturalists, Genetics, Association of American Anatomists, Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, and the St. Louis Academy of Science. Never robust in health, Dr. Hanson's ability to carry on in spite of a heart condition, probably contracted in his youth, is a tribute to his courage and determination. In each phase of his career he was aided by the care and assistance of his devoted wife, the former Harriet Roman Cavender, whom he married in 1910 while still an undergraduate in Washington. Dr. Hanson's last weeks were saddened by notification that his son, Lieutenant Frank Blair Hanson, Jr., had been lost with his ship, a destroyer escort sunk in the Atlantic by a German submarine a few days before V-E Day. This loss was naturally a great blow and seemed to contribute to his ill health. Besides his wife, Dr. Hanson leaves two daughters, Miss Blair Hanson, assistant professor of French at Allegheny College, and Dr. Phyllis Claire Hanson, assistant in pathology at the University of Rochester. In his twofold career as a teacher and investigator in zoology and as an officer of the Foundation, Dr.