The evaluation of the social impacts of culture : culture, arts and development Margarida Azevedo To cite this version: Margarida Azevedo. The evaluation of the social impacts of culture : culture, arts and develop- ment. Economics and Finance. Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2016. English. NNT : 2016PA01E041. tel-01804118v1 HAL Id: tel-01804118 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01804118v1 Submitted on 31 May 2018 (v1), last revised 1 Jun 2018 (v2) HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. UNIVERSITÉ PARIS 1 PANTHÉON‐SORBONNE École doctorale d’Économie Panthéon Sorbonne ‐ Thèse Pour l’obtention du DOCTORAT EN SCIENCES ÉCONOMIQUES THE EVALUATION OF THE SOCIAL IMPACTS OF CULTURE Culture, Arts and Development Présentée et soutenue publiquement par Margarida AZEVEDO Le 21 novembre 2016 Sous la direction du professeur Xavier GREFFE Composition du Jury Président: Mathilde MAUREL Directrice de recherche, CNRS à l’Université Paris 1 Rapporteurs: José TEIXEIRA COELHO Professeur émérite à Universidade de São Paulo Helena SANTOS Professeur à Universidade do Porto Directeur de thèse: Xavier GREFFE Professeur émérite à l’Université Paris 1 ii ‘Palavras com seu peso, apaixonadas pelo seu peso. Palavras que demoram nas fronteiras do solo, Palavras trabalhadas pelo vento, Palavras com sede como a água’ António Ramos Rosa Ao meu marido, Duarte Aos meus pais e irmãos iii iv List of contents SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................................... IX CHAPTER 1. CULTURE, ARTS AND DEVELOPMENT – THE TERRITORIAL DYNAMICS AND THE SOCIAL CLAIM ................................................................................................................. 2 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................... 2 1.1. CULTURE AND THE ARTS – CONCEPTUAL DEBATE ............................................................................. 2 1.2. CULTURE AND DEVELOPMENT............................................................................................................... 5 1.2.1. The political framework ................................................................................................................. 5 1.2.2. The theoretical contributions ..................................................................................................... 10 1.3. CULTURAL-BASED DEVELOPMENT DYNAMICS.................................................................................. 18 1.3.1. The novelty of the phenomenon ................................................................................................ 18 1.3.2. The assessments of the contributions ..................................................................................... 21 1.3.3.The social claim .................................................................................................................................. 24 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................................ 27 CHAPTER 2. THE ASSESSMENT OF THE SOCIAL IMPACTS OF CULTURE .....................29 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................... 29 2.1. CONCEPTUAL GROUNDS ....................................................................................................................... 29 2.2. CURRENT PRACTICES OF THE SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF CULTURAL ACTIVITIES ............ 32 2.2.1. Framework of the literature review ........................................................................................ 32 2.2.2. The literature review findings .................................................................................................... 32 2.3. REVIEW CONSIDERATIONS ON THE ASSESSMENT OF SOCIAL IMPACT ........................................... 62 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................................ 72 CHAPTER 3. BUILDING COMMUNITY-LEVEL SOCIAL VALUES THROUGH CULTURE AND THE ARTS: A THEORETICAL APPROACH ......................................................................74 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................... 74 3.1. THE PROPAGATION OF CULTURE AND THE ARTS IMPACTS TOWARDS A COMMUNITY-LEVEL: OTHER THEORETICAL CONTRIBUTIONS ..................................................................................................... 75 3.2. A POTENTIAL CHAIN OF CULTURAL ACTIVITIES COMMUNITY-LEVEL SOCIAL IMPACTS ............. 80 3.3. SOCIAL CAPITAL AS A STRATEGY FOR SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT .................... 89 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................................ 91 CHAPTER 4. AN EMPIRICAL APPROACH: THE ROLE OF CULTURE FOR CRIME REDUCTION - THE CASE OF GUIMARÃES EUROPEAN CAPITAL OF CULTURE ............94 The outline ....................................................................................................................................................... 94 4.1. THE EUROPEAN CAPITAL OF CULTURE INITIATIVE ........................................................................ 99 4.1.1.The Programme ................................................................................................................................. 99 4.1.2. The Evaluation Practices ...........................................................................................................103 4.2. GUIMARÃES 2012 .............................................................................................................................. 105 4.2.1. The city of Guimarães ..................................................................................................................105 4.2.2. Guimarães 2012: The nomination and the programme ............................................. 106 4.2.3. Guimarães 2012: The evaluation reports ..........................................................................109 4.3. THE EMPIRICAL APPROACH: THE IMPACT OF GUIMARÃES 2012 ON CRIME LEVEL ................. 113 4.3.1. The methodology ...........................................................................................................................114 4.3.2. The data .............................................................................................................................................119 4.3.3. The results ........................................................................................................................................123 4.3.4. The robustness check ...................................................................................................................126 4.3.5. The external validity ....................................................................................................................127 The discussion.............................................................................................................................................133 v CHAPTER 5. AN EMPIRICAL APPROACH: THE ROLE OF CULTURE ON LEISURE TIME FOR CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION - SESC SÃO PAULO STRATEGY .................................... 135 The outline ....................................................................................................................................................135 5.1. THE SOCIAL SERVICE OF COMMERCE – SESC IN SÃO PAULO ..................................................... 138 5.1.1. The city of São Paulo ...................................................................................................................138 5.1.2. The Social Service of Commerce - SESC ..............................................................................140 5.1.3. Sesc São Paulo – historical development ...........................................................................141 5.2. SESC SÃO PAULO PROGRAMMATIC EDUCATION STRATEGY FOR CITIZENSHIP: THE ROLE OF LEISURE AND CULTURE ACTIVITIES .......................................................................................................... 148 5.2.1. What prompted the integration of leisure and culture into Sesc São Paulo programmatic strategy? ........................................................................................................................149 5.2.2. What are the mechanisms and drivers encountered in the Sesc São Paulo strategy through which cultural and leisure activities can have a role in citizenship? ............................................................................................................................................................................154 5.3. THE EMPIRICAL APPROACH: