ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES NON-CONFIDENTIAL REPORT Legal name of applicant(s): DEZA, a.s. Submitted by: DEZA, a.s. Substance: Dibutyl phthalate Use title: Use in propellants Sub-scenario 1: F-2: Industrial use as a burning rate surface moderant, plasticiser and/or coolant in the formulation of nitrocellulose-based propellant grains Sub-scenario 2: IW-2: Industrial use of propellant grains in manufacture of ammunition for military and civilian uses, and pyrocartridges for aircraft ejection seat safety systems [excludes propellants intended for manual reloading of ammunition cartridges by civilian users] Use number: 2 Use number: 2 Legal name of applicant: DEZA, a.s. i ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES Use number: 2 Legal name of applicant: DEZA, a.s. ii ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES CONTENTS 1 SUMMARY............................................................................................................................................................9 1.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................9 1.2 Role of DBP in propellants and final products of concern .............................................................................9 1.3 Identification and screening of potential alternatives .....................................................................................10 1.4 Assessment of suitability and availability of potential alternative substances................................................12 1.4.1 Findings on the technical suitability of potential alternative substances.............................................12 1.4.2 Findings on the risk reduction potential of potential alternatives........................................................13 1.4.3 Findings on the economic feasibility of potential alternatives ............................................................14 1.4.4 Findings on the availability of potential alternatives...........................................................................15 1.5 Actions needed to improve the suitability and availability of potential alternatives ......................................15 2 ANALYSIS OF SUBSTANCE FUNCTION..........................................................................................................17 2.1 Introduction to propellants relevant to this Application for Authorisation.....................................................17 2.2 Use of DBP in the formulation of propellant grains and use of propellants in ammunition and aircraft pyrocartridges .................................................................................................................................................18 2.2.1 Use of DBP in the manufacture of propellants....................................................................................18 2.2.2 Functionalities of DBP ........................................................................................................................19 2.2.3 Products containing DBP in the EU ....................................................................................................22 2.2.3.1 Description of products .........................................................................................................22 2.2.3.2 Article vs. mixture in a container ..........................................................................................23 2.2.4 Tonnage and concentration of DBP in propellant mixtures ................................................................24 2.2.4.1 Tonnage of DBP consumed in the supply chain in the EU ...................................................24 2.2.4.2 Concentration of DBP in propellant mixtures .......................................................................24 2.2.4.3 Tonnages of formulations containing DBP ...........................................................................24 2.3 Conditions of DBP use ...................................................................................................................................25 2.3.1 Technical parameters of DBP use in propellants.................................................................................25 2.3.1.1 Approach to information collection.......................................................................................25 2.3.1.2 Technical feasibility and selection criteria for DBP and alternatives....................................25 2.3.1.3 Relevance of technical feasibility criteria to the requirements of the end user .....................26 2.3.2 Meeting relevant military and other performance standards ...............................................................27 2.3.2.1 Introduction ...........................................................................................................................27 2.3.2.2 Standards for propellants and ammunition for military applications.....................................27 2.3.2.3 Standards for propellants and ammunition for civilian applications .....................................34 2.3.2.4 Standards for aircraft pyrocartridges.....................................................................................37 2.3.3 Practical steps to the re-qualification of propellants and ammunition.................................................38 2.4 Summary of technical requirements for DBP use in propellants....................................................................39 3 IDENTIFICATION OF POSSIBLE ALTERNATIVES.........................................................................................41 3.1 Introduction and scope of analysis..................................................................................................................41 3.1.1 Scope the analysis ...............................................................................................................................41 3.1.2 List of shortlisted potential alternative substances ..............................................................................42 3.2 Description of efforts made to identify possible alternatives..........................................................................42 3.2.1 Research and development activities...................................................................................................42 3.2.1.1 Activities of the applicant......................................................................................................42 3.2.1.2 Activities of downstream users of DBP ................................................................................43 3.2.2 Data searches for the purposes of this AoA.........................................................................................44 Use number: 2 Legal name of applicant: DEZA, a.s. iii ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 3.2.3 Consultations.......................................................................................................................................45 3.2.3.1 Key consultees.......................................................................................................................45 3.2.3.2 Consultation tools..................................................................................................................45 3.3 Preliminary assessment and screening of identified non-energetic alternatives .............................................46 3.3.1 Introduction .........................................................................................................................................46 3.3.2 Screening of alternative non-energetic substances..............................................................................48 3.3.2.1 Approach...............................................................................................................................48 3.3.2.2 Overall technical suitability of non-energetic alternatives ....................................................49 3.3.2.3 Moderating effect of non-energetic alternative substances ...................................................50 3.3.2.4 Plasticising effect of non-energetic alternative substances....................................................50 3.3.2.5 Cooling effect of non-energetic alternative substances.........................................................50 3.3.3 Conclusion of screening alternative non-energetic substances............................................................50 4 SUITABILITY AND AVAILABILITY OF POSSIBLE ALTERNATIVES.........................................................53 4.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................53 4.1.1 Key sources of information .................................................................................................................53 4.1.2 Technical feasibility of selected alternative substances for the applicant ...........................................54 4.2 Methyl centralite.............................................................................................................................................55 4.2.1 Substance ID and properties................................................................................................................55 4.2.1.1 Name and other identifiers for the substance ........................................................................55 4.2.1.2 Composition of the substance................................................................................................55