MEDIA In PeacEbuIlding AnD conflIct PrEvEntIon Documentation 2008 850 delegates from 90 countries representing 320 institutions AfghAnistAn AlbAniA AlgeriA ArgentinA AustriA belgium boliviA brAzil bulgAriA CAmboDiA CAnada CApe verDe Chad Chile ChinA Congo DenmArk egypt estoniA ethiopiA frAnCe germAny ghAnA inDiA inDonesiA irAn irAq isrAel itAly JApAn Jemen Jordan kenyA kuwAit lebAnon luxembourg MalAysiA mexiCo mozAmbique myAnmAr nepAl netherlAnDs niger nigeriA PakistAn Palestine philippines portugAl russiA senegAl sierrA leone singApore slovAkiA south Africa sri LankA sudan sweDen switzerlAnD syriA TanzAniA thAilAnD tunisiA uniteD ArAb emirAtes ugAnda uniteD kingDom ukrAine uniteD stAtes of America uzbekistAn venezuelA zimbAbwe DeutsChe welle globAl meDiA forum 2008 meDiA in peacebuilDing AnD ConfliCt prevention conference documentation imprint This publication has been made possible through the generous help of the Government of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. published by Deutsche Welle 53110 Bonn/Germany T. +49 228.429-2142 in Cooperation with the Bonn International Center for Conversion (BICC) editors Dr. Christoph Schmidt, Wilfried Solbach (responsible), Marc von Boemcken art direction Marco Siebertz Book layout Lisa Flanakin photos Barbara Frommann, Cover: picture-alliance/dpa [M] printed by Köllen Druck + Verlag GmbH Copyright © 2008 Deutsche Welle All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, record- ing or any information storage and retrieval system, without prior written permission from the publisher. First published November 2008 hosts and supporting organizations co-hosted by supported by The State Government of North Rhine-Westphalia in co-operation with Academy for Information and Communication of the German Armed Forces DEUTSCHE WELLE GLOBAl MEDiA FORUM 2008 8 Contents 10 Foreword Erik Betterman Peter Croll 14 Keynote speech Shirin Ebadi 18 Media in peacebuilding and conflict prevention Marc von Boemcken 23 Panels and presentations: 23 Worldwide deployment – What can and must Europe do to prevent conflicts? 26 Crisis prevention via media intervention 30 Crouching tiger, hidden dragon - Economic development, political stability and the role of the media in Asia 35 How can the truth survive? In Africa journal- ists are often caught between the battle lines 38 Reading between the lies – Perception and prejudice in the Middle East 42 The use of TV and radio in peacebuilding: Concrete examples 44 The AoC Rapid Response Media Mechanism (RRMM) 45 Citizen-state relations? Expectations - trust: Introducing the public sphere concept into the state-building debate 46 UN experiences in the area of radio/media projects in conflict areas and sustainability 47 Workshops: 47 The German Armed Forces and their engage- ment in conflict prevention: the media in a mission of the armed forces? 51 Terrorists online 54 Resources, conflicts and the role of the media 58 mediaME - Sharing tools and approaches for monitoring and evaluation in media development 62 Covering hostile environments: From conflict zones to organized crime 67 Globalization, cultural identity and conflict: Cross-cultural communication and media’s challenge in Asia Contents 74 Populism and press freedom 122 Session 4: The Bonn Network – Enabling 79 The path to peace - Can popular media rapid action in conflict situations contribute to freedom of opinion? 122 Background and activities of the Bonn Network 83 When telling the truth becomes a crime 124 Visions for the Bonn Network strategy 127 Session 5: Media diversity – Training for a 84 Side events digital world 127 Media diversity – training for a digital world 90 Symposium: 129 The evolving role of digital media in Africa: Journalistic training in conflict-related situations Kenya and Zimbabwe 90 Introduction 133 Aspects of digital media 92 Opening address 135 Experiences of a blogger 93 Session 1: Opportunities through education 136 Training journalists for the digital world 3 9 Journalistic training in conflict-related 137 Need for speed and the erosion of media ethics situations – experiences from the BBC World 140 Session 6: Impact on peace and conflict: Service Trust What journalists and peacebuilding practi- 96 The future of Radio Television Afghanistan tioners need to know about it (RTA) 140 The role of media in peacebuilding: theory and 97 The role of media in peacebuilding and conflict practice prevention: opportunities through education 142 Conclusion – A Nigerian perspective 101 The role of journalistic training in Pakistan 144 Press clippings 102 Session 2: Quality journalism – journalis- tic training in conflict-related situations: 176 The role of the media in peacebuilding – a classic case challenges, trends and strategies of mega FM radio 102 Journalistic training in conflict-related situations 105 Journalistic training in West Africa 178 The role of the mass media during the 2007 108 Session 3: Quality Journalism - Journal- post-election violence in Kenya istic training in conflict-related settings: challenges, dangers and limits 192 Conference program 108 Significant characteristics of journalistic training in conflict-related situations 196 BICC authors 112 Training courses of the International Institute of Journalism (IIJ) 196 List of participants 114 Conflicts, challenges and conflict training programs in Nepal 119 Journalistic training in Cambodia 120 Iraq – Bridging the gap between education and the working realities of journalists DEUTSCHE WELLE GLOBAl MEDiA FORUM 2008 10 foreworD erik bettermAnn, Director general, Deutsche welle, germany Global Media Forum 2008 was a huge success. About 900 guests and participants took part in lectures, discus- sions, workshops, and presentations. The conference was an opportunity to make new contacts, gain insight and develop innovative methods of resolution for the role of the media in peacekeeping and conflict prevention. In total, there were more than 400 national and inter- We promote intercultural dialog and work to further national media companies, NGOs, scientific institutes, international understanding and tolerance. This is one of governmental, intergovernmental and donor institu- the key sentences of our mission statement. Since 1953 tions from nearly 100 countries. This just goes to show Deutsche Welle has been reporting independently, com- how important it is to provide a forum that connects the prehensively, truthfully and on a pluralistic basis – via globalization players – not just internationally, but also radio, television and the Internet. We provide compre- interdisciplinary as well. And it encourages us to orga- hensive and uncensored information to countries that nize another Deutsche Welle Global Media Forum in lack free media, particularly crisis regions and war zones. 2009 again in close cooperation with the Bonn Interna- Yet to achieve sustainable development, our efforts tional Center for Conversion (BICC). must go beyond the production of high quality media It is important to me that we carry on with these services: strengthening free media – and the people pro- discussions and efforts. So I eagerly look forward to the ducing it – needs strong ties and networks, too. Our DW- opportunity of meeting you – and our sponsors as well AKADEMIE provides training for media professionals – from June 3 – 5, 2009, in Bonn. We will maintain an from developing and transition countries and young, up- international and interdisciplinary approach, this time and-coming journalists. Many of the course participants focusing on technological issues related to media usage from developing countries who were trained at the DW- and the global exchange of information. For more details AKADEMIE now hold high positions in their countries. about the program and the agenda, please visit our web- To take these measures one step further we have site, www.dw-gmf.de, regularly for updates. established the Deutsche Welle Global Media Forum. The basic idea was to seat media representatives from I look forward to seeing you again in Bonn. around the world, high-profile experts from inter- Sincerely, governmental and non-governmental organizations, politicians, artists, entrepreneurs and scientists at the Erik Bettermann same table. And, with all modesty, the Deutsche Welle Bonn, September 2008 foreworD 11 peter J. Croll, Director of the bonn international Center for Conversion (BICC), germany Above all, by bringing together a large number of experts from all over the world, the conference suc- ceeded in identifying various ways in which the me- dia can make a positive contribution to peacebuilding activities. To name just a few examples from the highly informative panel presentations, it can facilitate dialogue and reconciliation across cultural and religious divides, The media have a crucial role to play in post-conflict challenge stereotypes and spread the values of non- reconstruction efforts. As many projects and publications violent conflict resolution. In this sense, the support of of BICC demonstrate, peace processes are usually highly local media sources should be amongst the priorities of complex, time-consuming and precarious affairs. They will development assistance policy, especially in conflict and hardly be sustainable if not adequately communicated to post-conflict environments. the people they affect. To a large extent, the successful con- Concrete recommendations included the step- version from war to peace thus