FAMILY Anomalopidae Gill, 1889 - lanterneyefishes, flashlightfishes [=Heterophthalminae] Notes: Heterophthalminae Gill, 1862k:237 [ref. 1664] (subfamily) Heterophthalmus Bleeker [invalid, Article 39] Anomalopidae Gill, 1889b:227 [ref. 32842] (family) Anomalops [family name sometimes seen as Anomalopsidae] GENUS Anomalops Kner, 1868 - splitfin flashlightfishes, twofin flashlightfishes [=Anomalops Kner [R.], 1868:26, Heterophthalmus Bleeker [P.], 1856:42] Notes: [ref. 6074]. Masc. Anomalops graeffei Kner, 1868. Type by monotypy. Also appeared as new in Kner 1868:294 [ref. 2646]. Anomalopsis Lee, 1980 is a misspelling. •Valid as Anomalops Kner, 1868 -- (Shimizu in Masuda et al. 1984:109 [ref. 6441], McCosker & Rosenblatt 1987:158 [ref. 6707], Johnson & Rosenblatt 1988 [ref. 6682], Paxton et al. 1989:368 [ref. 12442], Rosenblatt & Johnson 1991:333 [ref. 19138], Kotlyar 1996:218 [ref. 23292], Paxton & Johnson 1999:2213 [ref. 24789], Paxton et al. 2006:764 [ref. 28995]). Current status: Valid as Anomalops Kner, 1868. Anomalopidae. (Heterophthalmus) [ref. 352]. Masc. Heterophthalmus katoptron Bleeker, 1856. Type by monotypy. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Heterophthalmus Blanchard, 1851 in Coleoptera, apparently not replaced. •Synonym of Anomalops Kner, 1868 -- (McCosker & Rosenblatt 1987 [ref. 6707]). Current status: Synonym of Anomalops Kner, 1868. Anomalopidae. Species Anomalops katoptron (Bleeker, 1856) - splitfin flashlightfish, twofin flashlightfish [=Heterophthalmus katoptron Bleeker [P.], 1856:43, Anomalops graeffei Kner [R.], 1868:26] Notes: [Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae v. 1 (6); ref. 352] Manado, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Anomalops katoptron (Bleeker, 1856). Anomalopidae. Distribution: West Pacific: Indonesia and Philippines to Mariana and Tuamotu islands and Ryukyu Islands to Australia. Habitat: marine. (graeffei) [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 58 (nos 1-2); ref. 6074] Kandavu Island, Fiji Islands. Current status: Synonym of Anomalops katoptron (Bleeker, 1856). Anomalopidae. Habitat: marine. GENUS Kryptophanaron Silvester & Fowler, 1926 - Atlantic flashlightfishes [=Kryptophanaron Silvester [C. F.] & Fowler [H. W.], 1926:246] Notes: [ref. 4028]. Neut. Kryptophanaron alfredi Silvester & Fowler, 1926. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Kryptophanaron Silvester & Fowler, 1926 -- (Woods & Sonoda 1973:328 [ref. 6899] as Kryptophaneron, McCosker & Rosenblatt 1987:158 [ref. 6707], Johnson & Rosenblatt 1988 [ref. 6682], Rosenblatt & Johnson 1991:333 [ref. 19138], Kotlyar 1996:216 [ref. 23292], Baldwin et al. 1997:377 [ref. 23203], Moore 2003:1183 [ref. 27002]). Current status: Valid as Kryptophanaron Silvester & Fowler, 1926. Anomalopidae. Species Kryptophanaron alfredi Silvester & Fowler, 1926 - Atlantic flashlightfish [=Kryptophanaron alfredi Silvester [C. F.] & Fowler [H. W.], 1926:246, Pls. 18 (fig. 1), 19 (figs. 2, 4)] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 78; ref. 4028] Off Kingston Harbor, Jamaica (found floating). Current status: Valid as Kryptophanaron alfredi Silvester & Fowler, 1926. Anomalopidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: marine. GENUS Parmops Rosenblatt & Johnson, 1991 - flashlightfishes [=Parmops Rosenblatt [R. H.] & Johnson [G. D.], 1991:328] Notes: [ref. 19138]. Masc. Parmops coruscans Rosenblatt & Johnson, 1991. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Parmops Rosenblatt & Johnson, 1991 -- (Kotlyar 1996:218 [ref. 23292], Baldwin et al. 1997:377 [ref. 23203], Paxton & Johnson 1999:2213 [ref. 24789], Johnson et al. 2001:497 [ref. 25326]). Current status: Valid as Parmops Rosenblatt & Johnson, 1991. Anomalopidae. Species Parmops coruscans Rosenblatt & Johnson, 1991 - Tahitian flashlightfish (author) [=Parmops coruscans Rosenblatt [R. H.] & Johnson [G. D.], 1991:329, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 104 (no. 2); ref. 19138] Outside reef at Punnauia, Tahiti Island, Society Islands, 350 meters (stomach content). Current status: Valid as Parmops coruscans Rosenblatt & Johnson, 1991. Anomalopidae. Distribution: Tahiti Island. Habitat: marine. Species Parmops echinatus Johnson et al., 2001 - Fijian flashlightfish (author) [=Parmops echinatus Johnson [G. D.], Seeto [J.] & Rosenblatt [R. H.], 2001:497, Fig. 1] Notes: [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 114 (no. 2); ref. 25326] Off Viti Levu, Fiji, west of Bega Island and north of Yanuca Island depth 250 fathoms. Current status: Valid as Parmops echinatus Johnson, Seeto & Rosenblatt, 2001. Anomalopidae. Distribution: Fiji. Habitat: marine. GENUS Photoblepharon Weber, 1902 - flashlightfishes [=Photoblepharon Weber [M.], 1902:108] Notes: [ref. 4608]. Neut. Sparus palpebratus Boddaert, 1781. Type by monotypy. Protobelpharon is a misspelling. •Valid as Photoblepharon Weber, 1902 -- (McCosker 1986:413 [ref. 6294], McCosker & Rosenblatt 1987:158 [ref. 6707], Johnson & Rosenblatt 1988 [ref. 6682], Rosenblatt & Johnson 1991:333 [ref. 19138], Kotlyar 1996:214 [ref. 23292], Baldwin et al. 1997:377 [ref. 23203], Paxton & Johnson 1999:2213 [ref. 24789], Paxton et al. 2006:764 [ref. 28995]). Current status: Valid as Photoblepharon Weber, 1902. Anomalopidae. Species Photoblepharon palpebratum (Boddaert, 1781) - eyelightfish [=Sparus palpebratus Boddaert [P.], 1781:55, Pl. 4 (figs. 1-2)] Notes: [Neue Nordische Beyträge zur physikalischen und geographischen Erd- und Völkerbeschreibung, Naturgeschichte und Oekonomie. St. Petersburg & Leipzig v. 2; ref. 16975] Banda, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Photoblepharon palpebratum (Boddaert, 1781). Anomalopidae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Indonesia, Philippines south to eastern Australia, Micronesia and Cook Islands. Habitat: marine. Species Photoblepharon steinitzi Abe & Haneda, 1973 - flashlightfish [=Photoblepharon palpebratus steinitzi Abe [T.] & Haneda [Y.], 1973:57, Figs. 1-4] Notes: [Bulletin, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Fisheries, Sea Fisheries Research Station Haifa No. 60; ref. 7550] Ras el Burka, Sinai, Egypt, Red Sea. Current status: Valid as Photoblepharon steinitzi Abe & Haneda, 1973. Anomalopidae. Distribution: Red Sea, western Indian Ocean: Comores to Réunion (western Mascarenes) and Maldives. Habitat: marine. GENUS Phthanophaneron Johnson & Rosenblatt, 1988 - Gulf flashlightfishes [=Phthanophaneron Johnson [G. D.] & Rosenblatt [R. H.], 1988:70] Notes: [ref. 6682]. Masc. Kryptophanaron harveyi Rosenblatt & Montgomery, 1976. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Phthanophaneron Johnson & Rosenblatt, 1988 -- (Rosenblatt & Johnson 1991:333 [ref. 19138], Kotlyar 1996:217 [ref. 23292], Baldwin et al. 1997:377 [ref. 23203]). Current status: Valid as Phthanophaneron Johnson & Rosenblatt, 1988. Anomalopidae. Species Phthanophaneron harveyi (Rosenblatt & Montgomery, 1976) - Gulf flashlightfish [=Kryptophanaron harveyi Rosenblatt [R. H.] & Montgomery [W. L.], 1976:510, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Copeia 1976 (no. 3); ref. 7389] Between Arroyo Salado and Boca del Tule, Gulf of California, Mexico, 23°10'N, 109°25'W, depth 32-36 meters. Current status: Valid as Phthanophaneron harveyi (Rosenblatt & Montgomery, 1976). Anomalopidae. Distribution: Gulf of California. Habitat: marine. GENUS Protoblepharon Baldwin et al., 1997 - flashlightfishes [=Protoblepharon Baldwin [C. C.], Johnson [G. D.] & Paxton [J. R.], 1997:374] Notes: [ref. 23203]. Neut. Protoblepharon rosenblatti Baldwin, Johnson & Paxton, 1997. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Protoblepharon Baldwin, Johnson & Paxton, 1997 -- (Ho & Johnson 2012:78 [ref. 32162]). Current status: Valid as Protoblepharon Baldwin, Johnson & Paxton, 1997. Anomalopidae. Species Protoblepharon mccoskeri Ho & Johnson, 2012 - Taiwanese flashlightfish [=Protoblepharon mccoskeri Ho [H.-C.] & Johnson [G. D.], 2012:78, Figs. 1A-C, 2-4, 5A, 6A-C, 7-8] Notes: [Zootaxa 3479; ref. 32162] Fugang fishing port, Taitung, eastern Taiwan, ca. 22°47.5'N, 121°11.6'E. depth about 300 meters. Current status: Valid as Protoblepharon mccoskeri Ho & Johnson, 2012. Anomalopidae. Distribution: Northwestern Pacific: Taiwan (holotype). Habitat: marine. Species Protoblepharon rosenblatti Baldwin et al., 1997 - Cook Islands flashlightfish [=Protoblepharon rosenblatti Baldwin [C. C.], Johnson [G. D.] & Paxton [J. R.], 1997:374, Fig. 1] Notes: [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 110 (3); ref. 23203] Northwest of Matavera, Rarotonga, Cook Islands, 21°12'S, 159°45'W, depth 274 meters. Current status: Valid as Protoblepharon rosenblatti Baldwin, Johnson & Paxton, 1997. Anomalopidae. Distribution: Cook Islands (holotype). Habitat: marine.