Durham E-Theses The documents in the public speeches of Demosthenes: authenticity and tradition CANEVARO, MIRKO How to cite: CANEVARO, MIRKO (2011) The documents in the public speeches of Demosthenes: authenticity and tradition, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3263/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 Mirko Canevaro The documents in the public speeches of Demosthenes: authenticity and tradition The thesis is concerned with the official documents (laws and decrees) preserved in the public speeches of the Demosthenic corpus (18, 21, 23, 24, 59). These documents purport to be Athenian statutes and, if authentic, would provide invaluable information about fourth-century Athenian history and institutions. The introduction gives an account of the presence of the documents in the corpora of the orators and in the manuscript tradition, summarizes previous scholarship and delineates a new methodology for analyzing the documents. A specific section within the introduction analyzes the stichometric marks found in the medieval manuscripts of the Demosthenic corpus. Through those marks we can calculate whether a section of text was or was not present in the Urexemplar of the corpus: the documents in Dem. 23 and some of those in Dem. 24 were, but the others have been inserted later. The following 4 chapters analyze in detail the documents found in Dem. 18, 19, 23, 24 and 59, also providing the text of each document as it appears in the paradosis, with an apparatus criticus. This survey reveals that those documents that were part of the stichometric edition are in general more reliable than those inserted later. By contrast, many features of these last documents, such as anachronistic expressions, formulas never attested in Attic inscriptions, inconsistencies between the documents and the orator's summaries, betray forgery. The conclusion argues that the stichometric documents have been inserted in the speeches in an Athenian environment at the beginning of the 3rd century BCE, presumably by Demochares of Leuconoe, the nephew of Demosthenes and an active politician himself. The non-stichometric documents are instead a very early product of the tradition of historical declamations and progymnasmata, witnesses of the development, side-by-side, of rhetorical education and antiquarianism. 1 The documents in the public speeches of Demosthenes: authenticity and tradition Mirko Canevaro Thesis submitted for the degree of PhD, 2011. Department of Classics and Ancient History, Durham University 2 Contents Declaration and statement of copyright............................................................................5 Abbreviations...................................................................................................................5 Acknowledgements..........................................................................................................6 1. Introduction...................................................................................................................8 1.1 History of scholarship and the birth of a scholarly issue.....................................11 1.2 The documents in the medieval tradition.............................................................18 1.3 Stichometry and the presence of the documents in the ancient tradition.............22 1.4 Methodological principles....................................................................................42 2. The documents of the speeches On the Crown (18) and Against Meidias (21)..........51 2.1 The documents of the speech On the Crown (18)................................................52 2.2 The documents of the speech Against Meidias (21).............................................55 3. The Against Aristocrates (23).....................................................................................58 3.1 Dem. 23.22: willing homicide and wounding, arson and poisoning....................63 3.2 Dem. 23.28: prohibition of torture and ransom................................................... 72 3.3 Dem. 23.37: the killing of a murderer..................................................................82 3.4 Dem. 23.44: persecution and plunder of a murderer............................................86 3.5 Dem. 23.51: charges of homicide for indictments against murderers..................91 3.6 Dem. 23.53: lawful homicide...............................................................................95 3.7 Dem.23.60: killing in defence of one’s own goods is legitimate.......................102 3.8 Dem. 23.62: the entrenchment clause................................................................104 3.9 Dem. 23.82: hostages.........................................................................................107 3.10 Dem. 23.86: prohibition on laws ad hominem.................................................109 3.11 Dem. 23.87: the hierarchy of laws and decrees................................................111 4. The Against Timocrates (24)......................................................................... ...........113 4.1 The documents on nomothesia (Dem. 24.20-3 and 33)......................................118 3 4.1.1 Dem. 24.20-3: the procedure of nomothesia..............................................136 4.1.2 Dem. 24.33: nomothesia and opposing laws..............................................147 4.2 Dem. 24.27: Epicrates' decree............................................................................151 4.3 Dem. 24.39-40 and 71: the law of Timocrates...................................................162 4.4 Dem. 24.42: Diocles' law....................................................................................173 4.5 Dem. 24.45: adeia for atimoi and debtors..........................................................181 4.6 Dem. 24.50: the law on supplication..................................................................188 4.7 Dem. 24.54: res iudicata....................................................................................196 4.8 Dem. 24.56: valid and invalid acts after the Thirty............................................201 4.9 Dem. 24.59: prohibition on laws ad hominem...................................................205 4.10 Dem. 24.63: another law of Timocrates...........................................................213 4.11 Dem. 24.105: law on theft, maltreatment of parents and desertion..................223 4.12 Dem. 24.149-151: the Heliastic Oath...............................................................242 5. The Against Neaera (59)...........................................................................................252 5.1 [Dem.] 59.16: the law on marrying foreigners...................................................255 5.2 [Dem.] 59.52: marriage between alien women and Athenian citizens...............261 5.3 [Dem.] 59.87: the law on seduction....................................................................265 5.4 [Dem.] 59.104: the decree of naturalization of the Plataeans.............................273 6. Conclusions: the origin of the documents.................................................................291 6.1 The stichometric documents...............................................................................293 6.2 The non-stichometric documents: a provisional hypothesis...............................304 Bibliography..................................................................................................................319 4 Declaration and statement of copyright This work has been submitted to Durham University in accordance with the regulations for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. It is my own work, and none of it has been previously submitted to Durham University or any other university for a degree. The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. All information derived from this thesis must be acknowledged appropriately. Abbreviations Throughout the thesis, abbreviations of the names of classical authors and works are those used in S. Hornblower and A. Spawforth (eds.), Oxford Classical Dictionary. 3rd edition (Oxford 2003). Journal names are abbreviated according to the usage of L'Année Philologique. 5 Acknowledgements During the three years of my PhD I have accumulated many debts, only a portion of which I have space to acknowledge here. My biggest thanks go to Edward Harris, for being as excited about this project as I was, for telling me that I was not crazy and it could be done, and for providing me all along with continuous and unfailing support, far beyond his duties as a supervisor. Our exchanges and discussions, during supervisions, lunches, dinners and tens of emails a day, have been one of the most exciting intellectual experiences I have ever had, and I have learnt from them more than he