A Study of Environmental Conflicts and Issues in South-Eastern Europe: Possible Collaboration between CSOs and Ecological Economists (draft) A report for the CEECEC project Authors: Biljana Macura, Dragana Bojovic, Miroslav Tadić, Nada Ćosić, Ivana Petrić, Ivan Jarić Jelena Kneževi, Hali Healy, Leah Temper, and Joan Martinez-Alier 15 April 2009 Contributing Civil Society Organisations Albania Albaforest Albanian Centre of Excellence (ACE) / Qendra Shqiptare e Ekselences (QSHE) Albanian Ecological Club Kruja (AEC) / Klubi Ekologjik Shqiptar Kruja (KESH) Association for Development of Environmental Policies — G & G Group / Shoqata për Zhvillim të Politikave Mjedisore– G & G group Association for Sustainable Rural Development / Per Nje Zhvillim Rural Te Gendrueshem Awareness for Progress / Shoqata Ndërgjegjësim për Progres Environmental and Social Protection and Development (ILIRIA) / Shoqata Mbrojtja dhe Zhvillimi Mjedisor e Social (ILIRIA) Environmental Centre for Development, Education and Networking (EDEN) / Qendra EDEN Environmental Women’s Association (AEWA) / Gruaja Ambjentaliste Shqiptare (GASH) For Progress and Civilization (FPC) / Për Progres dhe Civilizim (PPC) Bosnia Herzogovina Association for Development, Improvement and Promotion of Ecological Agriculture,Tourism and Environment Protection (UG EKOPOT) / Udruzenje za Razvoj, Unapredjenje i Promociju Eko- poljoprivrede, Turizma i Zastitu Okoline (UG EKOPOT) Association for Tolerance Against Differences / Udruzenje Tolerancijom Proitv Razlicitosti (ToPeeR) Centre for Civil Cooperation (CCC) / Centar za Gradjansku Suradnju (CGS) Centre for Environmentally Sustainable Development (CESD) / Centar za Okolisno Održivi Razvoj, (COOR) Eko Put Ecological Association / Ekolosko Udruzenje Eko Put Fondeko - Association for Stimulation of Sustainable Development and Quality of Life / Fondeko Udruzenje za Podsticanje Uravnotezenog Razvoja i Kvaliteta Zivota Local Development Initative (LDI) / Lokalna Inicijativa Razvoja (LIR) Women’s Nature Association / Udruzenje Zena Priroda Bulgaria Bulgarian Biodiversity Foundation Ecocentre for Chamber of Commerce and Industry Green Varna Association Greener Bourgas Foundation Kalimok Moderna Vratsa Partnership for New Europe Association / Partnyorstvo za Nova Evropa Terra Ecological Club Zlatishka Kotlovina Ecological Society Croatia Argonauta Ecological Society / Ekoloska Udruga Argonauta Association for Nature, Environment and Sustainable Development (SUNCE) / Udruga za Prirodu, Okolis i Odrzivi Razvoj Sunce (SUNCE) Divina Natura Ecological Society / Ekoloska Udruga Divina Natura Eko-Eko Komin Ecological Organisaton / Ekoloska Udruga Eko-Eko Komin Eko Zadar Association for Organic Farming and Environment Protection / Eko Zadar - Udruga za Promicanje Ekoloske Proizvodnje Hrane i Zastitu Okolisa (EKO ZADAR) Green Action Ecological Association / Ekoloska Udruga Zelena Akcija Green Istria Association / Udruga Zelena Istra Green Osijek Ecological Society / Ekolosko Drustvo Zeleni Osijek Nobilis Ecological Organisation / Zastitarsko Ekoloska Organizacija Nobilis 2 FYR Macedonia Biosfera -Centre for Education and Protection of the Environment and Nature / Biosfera - Centar za Edukacija Zastita na Zivotna Sredina i Priroda Centre for Local Development / Centar za Lokalen Razvoj (CELOR) Centre for Regional Research and Cooperation- Studiorum (CRPRC) / Centar za Regionalni Istrazuvanja i Sorabotka-Studiorum (CRIS) Citizens’ Committee for Development Probistip (CCD Probistip) / Građanski Komitet za Razvoj Probistip (GKR-PROBISTIP) EcoAction Ecological Society / Ekolosko Drustvo EcoAction Ednakvi za Site Union of Citizens / Zdruzenie na Gragani Ednakvi za Site Green Power Ecological Group / Ekoloska Grupacija Green Power Ekumena Union of Citizens / Zdruzenie na Gragani Ekumena FLORA Ecological Society / Ekolosko Drustvo FLORA Florozon Association for Protection of Natural Environment and Sustainable Economic Development / Florozon Zdruzenie za Zastita na Prirodnata Sredina I Odrzliv Ekonomski Razvoj (Florozon Skopje) Grasnica Ecological Society / Ekolosko Drustvo Grasnica IZVOR Union for Protection of Environment, Cultural and Historical Landmarks and Human Health / Zdruzenie za Zastita na Zivotnata Sredina Kulturno - Istoriskite Znamenitosti I Covekovot Zdravje IZVOR Kalinka Ecological Society / Ekolosko Drustvo Kalinka Macedonian Green Centre - Union of Citizens Lobbying for Promotion and Research of Environmental Issues / Makedonski Zelen Centar- Zdruzenie na Gragani za Lobiranje, Zastapuvanje i Istrazuvanje na Orashanjata od Oblasta na Zivotnata Sredina Municipal Centre for Rock Art (MCRA) / Opstinski Centar za Karpesta Umetnost (OCKU) National Council of Women of the Republic of Macedonia Skopje / Nacionalen Sovet na Zheni na RM (NSZM-SOZM) NATYRA Ecological Society / Ekolosko Drustvo NATYRA NETOP Union for Protection of Natural and Cultural Heritage of Mariovo / Zdruzenie za Zastita na Prirodnoto i Kulturnoto Nasledstvo na Mariovo NETOP ORT Training for Sustainable Development / ORT Obuka za Odrzliv Razvoj Proaktiva Association of Citizens / Zdruzenie na Gragani Proaktiva Society for Academic Education / Drustvo za Edukacija Akademik Women’s Organisation of Mavrovi Anovi (WOMA) / Organizacija na Zeni na Opstina Mavrovi Anovi (OZMA) Serbia Association of Young Researchers of Bor / Drustvo Mladih Istrazivaca Bora Centre for Ecology and Sustainable Development (CESD) / Centar za Ekologiju i Odrzivi Razvoj (CEKOR) Ecolibri Bionet-Centre for Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Development / Ecolibri Bionet - Centar za Cuvanje Biodiverziteta i Odrzivi Razvoj / Eko Ibar Environmental Movement / Ekoloski Pokret Eko Ibar Endemit Ecological Society / Ekolosko Drustvo Endemit Non-Smokers Educational Centre-RP / Nepusacki Edukativni Centar –RP Stara Planina Society for Environmental Protection / Drustvo za Zastitu Zivotne Sredine Stara Planina TERRAS Organic Food Association / Udruzenje za Organsku Hranu TERRAS Young Researchers of Serbia (YRS) / Mladi Istrazivaci Srbije (MIS) 3 Contents 1. Introduction.......................................................................................................................7 2. Context..............................................................................................................................8 2.1. General overview of countries studied in the region.............................................8 2.1.1. Albania..............................................................................................................8 2.1.2. Bosnia and Herzegovina.................................................................................9 2.1.3. Bulgaria ............................................................................................................9 2.1.4. Croatia ............................................................................................................10 2.1.5. Former Yugoslav Republic (FYR) of Macedonia........................................10 2.1.6. Serbia .............................................................................................................11 2.2. State of the environment .......................................................................................11 2.2.1. Air....................................................................................................................12 2.2.2. Water ..............................................................................................................13 2.2.3. Soil ..................................................................................................................15 2.3. Regional political and economic context..............................................................17 2.3.1. EU Integration Processes .............................................................................17 2.3.2. Economic Drivers and Trends ......................................................................17 2.3.3. Economic Externalities..................................................................................18 2.4. Regional institutional and legislative context .......................................................18 2.4.1. Institutions ......................................................................................................18 2.4.2. Environmental policy, strategy, instruments and agreements ...................20 3. Areas for Collaboration..................................................................................................22 3.1. Waste and recycling ..............................................................................................22 3.1.1. Regional description......................................................................................22 3.1.2. Country descriptions......................................................................................24 3.1.2.1. Albania ...................................................................................................24 3.1.2.2. Bosnia and Herzegovina ......................................................................25 3.1.2.3. Bulgaria..................................................................................................26 3.1.2.4. Croatia....................................................................................................27 3.1.2.5. FYR Macedonia.....................................................................................29 3.1.2.6. Serbia .....................................................................................................31