GSM Association Non-confidential Official Document NG.120 - MIoT Location in Roaming MIoT Location in Roaming Version 2.0 03 May 2021 This is a Non-binding Permanent Reference Document of the GSMA Security Classification: Non-confidential Access to and distribution of this document is restricted to the persons permitted by the security classification. This document is confidential to the Association and is subject to copyright protection. This document is to be used only for the purposes for which it has been supplied and information contained in it must not be disclosed or in any other way made available, in whole or in part, to persons other than those permitted under the security classification without the prior written approval of the Association. 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V2.0 Page 1 of 40 GSM Association Non-confidential Official Document NG.120 - MIoT Location in Roaming Table of Contents 1 Introduction 4 1.1 Overview 4 1.2 Scope 4 1.3 Definitions 4 1.4 Abbreviations 5 1.5 References 7 2 Requirements 8 2.1 Location technologies 8 2.2 Location requirements 9 3 Use cases 9 3.1 Device journey 9 3.2 Device reachability 10 4 Device Location technology 10 4.1 Satellite (GNSS) 10 4.2 Cell-Id 11 5 Network Location technology 11 5.1 Location definition 11 5.2 2/3/4G location architecture 11 5.3 5G location architecture 12 5.4 Location procedures 13 5.4.1 LCS interfaces 13 5.4.2 Non LCS interfaces 14 5.5 Positioning methods 15 6 4G network location 17 6.1 Overview 17 6.2 4G scenario 18 6.2.1 4G / Cell-Id 18 6.2.2 4G / Cell geographical coordinates 18 6.2.3 4G / Object geographical coordinate 19 7 5G networks location 19 7.1 Overview 19 7.2 5G scenario 21 8 Conclusions and recommendation 21 9 Further studies 22 Annex A Location parameters 23 A.1 Cell definition 23 A.1.1 CGI 23 A.1.2 ECGI 23 A.1.3 NR CGI 24 A.2 Location Information parameters 24 A.2.1 GeographicalInformation 24 A.2.2 GeodeticInformation 26 V2.0 Page 2 of 40 GSM Association Non-confidential Official Document NG.120 - MIoT Location in Roaming A.2.3 AgeOfLocationInformation 26 A.2.4 LocationInformation 27 A.2.5 LocationInformationGPRS 27 A.2.6 LocationInformationEPS 28 A.2.7 LocationInformation5GS 28 Annex B Location procedure (3GPP LCS) 29 B.1 Circuit Switch (CS) MT-LR procedure (2/3G) 29 B.2 Evolved packet Core (EPC) MT-LR procedure (4G) 30 B.3 5GC MT-LR procedure (5G) 31 B.4 Deferred 5GC MT-LR procedure (5G) 32 Annex C Location procedure (non 3GPP LCS) 33 C.1 Circuit Switch (CS) location procedure (2/3G) 33 C.2 Evolved packet Core (EPC) location procedure (4G) 33 C.3 5GC location procedure (5G) 34 Annex D Location interfaces 34 D.1 4G - S6a / S6d 34 D.1.1 Insert-Subscriber-Data-Request (IDR) Command 34 D.1.2 Insert-Subscriber-Data-Answer (IDA) Command 35 D.2 4G - SLg interface 35 D.2.1 Provide-Location-Request (PLR) Command 35 D.2.2 Provide-Location-Answer (PLA) Command 36 D.3 4G – Sh interface 37 D.3.1 User-Data-Request (UDR) Command 37 D.3.2 User-Data-Answer (UDA) Command 37 D.4 5G – Namf_ Location_ProvideLocationInfo service operation 38 D.5 5G - Namf_ Location_ProvidePositioningInfo service operation 39 Annex E Document Management 40 E.1 Document History 40 E.2 Other Information 40 V2.0 Page 3 of 40 GSM Association Non-confidential Official Document NG.120 - MIoT Location in Roaming 1 Introduction 1.1 Overview This white paper describes the MIoT (Mobile Internet of Things) location in roaming using different network based technologies which are complementing the device based technologies like Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) such as the Global Positioning System (GPS). The background for this PRD is the existence of a clear business that needs for the accurate location of various MIoT objects, whether those are in the home network or roaming. For example, the package delivery across borders with an embedded NB-IoT/LTE-M chip, could provide customers (almost) real-time information on where it is located, in case the location information is available to the home operator by the visited operator(s). Unfortunately, this is not the case at the moment. Therefore, it would be beneficial to have a document which illustrates the issues and provides feedback on the technical solutions available to solve this problem. This information can then be used by strategic/commercial people within GSMA to decide how the industry should tackle the issue in the real world. 1.2 Scope The scope of this document is to describe: Location requirements for MIoT, specifically without GNSS capabilities Use case for location retrieval by the network Location technologies from the device and network perspective Implementation on 4G and 5G networks 1.3 Definitions Term Description Machine-to-Machine, a general term referring to any network technology allowing M2M devices to communicate with each other. For example, two industrial robots connected to each other via Ethernet in a factory, is part of M2M but not MIoT. Mobile Internet of Things, a GSMA term which refers to the 3GPP standardised LPWA technologies using the licenced band (aka LTE-M, NB-IoT and EC-GSM-IoT, Extended Coverage GSM for Internet of Things). In 3GPP Release 13 and upwards, the Category of UEs that support power consumption optimisations, extended coverage and lower complexity are part of MIoT (CAT M1, CAT NB1 from Release 13 MIoT and CAT M2, CAT NB2 from Release 14). As this particular term is widely used throughout the GSMA, it is also utilized also in this document. Not to be confused with the term “MIoT” which means 5G Massive IoT in 3GPP terminology. GSMA PRD BA.40 [2] states that roaming is defined as the ability for wireless customers to automatically make and receive voice calls, send and receive data, or Roaming access other services when travelling outside the geographical coverage area of their own home network, by means of using a visited network V2.0 Page 4 of 40 GSM Association Non-confidential Official Document NG.120 - MIoT Location in Roaming 1.4 Abbreviations Term Description 3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project A-GNSS Assisted- Global Navigation Satellite System AMF Access and Mobility Management Function (5G) CGI Cell Global Identifier CN Core Network CI (D) Cell Identity CS Circuit Switch DB Data Base ECI EUTRAN Cell Identifier E-CID Enhanced Cell ID Method ECGI E-UTRAN Cell Global Identifier EPC Evolved Packet Core EPS Evolved Packet System EUTRAN Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network GMLC Gateway Mobile Location Centre GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System GPS Global Positioning System GPRS General Packet Radio Service GSM Global System for Mobile Communications GSMA GSM Association GTP GPRS Tunnelling Protocol HLR Home Location Register HPLMN Home Public Land Mobile Network HSS Home Subscriber Server HTTPS Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure IDA Insert Subscriber Data Answer IDR Insert Subscriber Data Request IMSI International Mobile Subscriber Identity IP Internet Protocol IoT Internet of Things IWF Interworking Function IWK-SCEF Interworking-SCEF LBS Location Base Service LAC Location Area Code LCS Location Service LMF Location Management Function (5G) LPWA Low Power Wide Area V2.0 Page 5 of 40 GSM Association Non-confidential Official Document NG.120 - MIoT Location in Roaming Term Description LRF Location Retrieval Function LS Location Server (SMLF / LMF) LTE Long Term Evolution a.k.a. LTE MTC Cat M1, Long Term Evolution Machine Type Communication LTE-M Category M1, but also including further Categories like Category M2. LMU Location Measurement Unit M2M Machine to Machine MAP Mobile Application Part MCC Mobile Country Code MSC Mobile Switch Centre MIoT Mobile IoT MME Mobility Management Entity MSISDN Mobile Station International ISDN Number MT-LR Mobile Terminated Location Request MTC Machine Type Communications MSC Mobile Switching Centre NAS Non-Access Stratum NAT Network Address Translation NB-IoT Narrowband IoT NEF Network Exposure Function (5G) NF Network Function NI-LR Network Induced Location Request NPLI Network Provided Location Information NR New Radio NR CGI New Radio Cell Global Identifier OTDOA downlink Observed Time Difference Of Arrival OTT Over The Top PLMN Public Land Mobile Network OTT Over The Top PEI Permanent Equipment Identity PLA Provide Location Answer PLR Provide Location Request PMN Public Mobile Network PS Packet Switch PSM Power Save Mode RAT Radio Access Technology SCEF Service Capability Exposure Function SGSN GPRS Support Node V2.0 Page 6 of 40 GSM Association Non-confidential Official Document NG.120 - MIoT Location in Roaming Term Description SIM Subscriber Identification Module SMS-SC Short Message Service-Service Centre SMLC Serving Mobile Location Centre SMS Short Message Service SMSC Short Message Service Centre SUPI Subscription Permanent Identifier TCP Transmission Control Protocol UDM Unified Data Management UE User Equipment ULI IE Uplink Information Extraction U-TDOA Uplink-Time Difference Of Arrival VPLMN Visited Public Land Mobile Network 1.5 References Ref Doc Number Title 1 3GPP TS 29.002