Shaping the future policy of the European Maritime Space Motorways of the Sea Detailed Implementation Plan of the European Coordinator Kurt Bodewig JUNE 2020 Mobility and Transport June 2020 This report represents the opinion of the European Coordinator and does not prejudice the official position of the European Commission. The European Commission does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this report. Neither the Commission nor any person acting on the Commission’s behalf may be held responsible for any potential use which may be made of the information contained herein. Reference source of analysis: 2019-2021 Motorways of the Sea Study by the Consortium of Circle, ISL and ADS insight. Content LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES ............................................................................... 4 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................... 5 FOREWORD BY THE EUROPEAN COORDINATOR ......................................................... 6 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................ 9 1 TOWARDS AN UPDATED MOTORWAYS OF THE SEA DETAILED IMPLEMENTATION PLAN............................................................................. 12 2 CHARACTERISTICS OF MOTORWAYS OF THE SEA ......................................... 15 2.1 MOTORWAYS OF THE SEA – THE MARITIME DIMENSION OF THE TRANS-EUROPEAN TRANSPORT NETWORK ..................................................................................................15 2.2 STRUCTURE OF MARITIME TRAFFIC IN EUROPEAN SEA BASINS .......................................16 2.2.1 Baltic Sea ......................................................................................19 2.2.2 North Sea ......................................................................................22 2.2.3 Atlantic Sea ...................................................................................24 2.2.4 Western Mediterranean Sea .............................................................27 2.2.5 Eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea ................................................29 2.2.6 Outermost Regions .........................................................................31 3 LEGISLATIVE DRIVERS AND EMERGING TRENDS AFFECTING MOTORWAYS OF THE SEA ............................................................................................. 32 3.1 LEGISLATIVE DRIVERS .....................................................................................32 A. Decarbonisation, Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions, Alternative Fuels .........................................................................32 B. Air pollution ...............................................................................34 C. Infrastructure and Marine Environment ..........................................34 D. Digital Single Market ...................................................................35 3.2 EMERGING TRENDS ........................................................................................37 3.2.1 Population growth and demographics ................................................37 3.2.2 Sustainability and climate change .....................................................38 A. Decarbonisation ..........................................................................38 B. Air emissions ..............................................................................39 C. Water quality & waste management ..............................................40 3.2.3 Technology, Information and Communication revolution ......................41 A. Connectivity of peripheral & outermost regions ...............................41 B. Digital technologies .....................................................................41 3.2.4 Economic growth in developing countries ...........................................43 A. Cooperation with neighbouring countries & access to overseas markets .......................................................................43 3.2.5 Increased expectations for safety ......................................................44 A. Navigational safety .....................................................................44 B. Connection to hinterland & interoperability with other modes ...........45 C. Automation ................................................................................46 D. Human capital and jobs in the maritime sector ...............................47 2 4 TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE, SEAMLESS AND SMART SHORT SEA SHIPPING ............................................................................... 48 4.1 SHORT SEA SHIPPING UNTIL 2030: DEFINING THE ADEQUATE STATE .............................48 4.1.1 Environmental stakes ......................................................................48 4.1.2 Integration of maritime transport in the logistics chain ........................51 4.1.3 Streamlining and digitalising procedures ............................................52 4.2 CURRENT GAPS IN THE EUROPEAN SEA BASINS .......................................................52 4.2.1 Baltic Sea ......................................................................................53 4.2.2 North Sea ......................................................................................54 4.2.3 Atlantic Sea ...................................................................................56 4.2.4 Western Mediterranean Sea .............................................................57 4.2.5 Eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea ................................................58 4.2.6 Pan-European gaps .........................................................................59 5 INVESTMENT NEEDS ................................................................................. 60 5.1 PORT INVESTMENT NEEDS INCLUDING SEA-SIDE AND LAND-SIDE INFRASTRUCTURE AND SUPERSTRUCTURE .........................................................................................60 5.2 INVESTMENT NEEDS CONCERNING THE EUROPEAN SHORT SEA FLEET ...............................62 5.3 INVESTMENT NEEDS CONCERNING DIGITAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND SERVICES ......................63 5.4 UPGRADE OF PORTS FOR RESILIENCE AND DUAL USE ..................................................63 5.5 SUMMARY ON INVESTMENT NEEDS .......................................................................64 6 FUNDING AND FINANCING INSTRUMENTS ................................................... 65 6.1 TEN-T AND CEF I FUNDING ALLOCATED TO MOS SO FAR ...........................................65 6.2 USE OF AN INTELLIGENT MIX OF FUNDING AND FINANCING INSTRUMENTS TO SUPPORT MOS ...66 7 RECOMMENDATIONS AND OUTLOOK BY THE EUROPEAN COORDINATOR ......... 71 7.1 INVESTMENT PRIORITIES AND NEEDS FOR THE FUTURE ...............................................72 7.2 OUTLOOK ON THE FUTURE OF MOS IN VIEW OF THE TEN-T REVISION .............................74 7.3 OUTLOOK ON COVID-19 CRISIS .......................................................................75 8 CONTACT ................................................................................................. 76 ANNEX I - LEGISLATIVE DRIVERS ........................................................................... 77 EU Regulations and Directives ........................................................................77 IMO Conventions and instruments ..................................................................80 Proposals and ongoing discussions .................................................................82 3 List of figures and tables Figures Figure 1 European Core Network Corridors and ro-ro shipping routes ........................ 16 Figure 2 Average annual growth of CNC ports by sea basins ..................................... 18 Figure 3 Cargo traffic of major European seaports by cargo type ............................... 18 Figure 4 CNC ports and regular ro-ro services in the Baltic Sea basin........................ 20 Figure 5 Core Network Corridor ports and regular ro-ro services in the North Sea basin……………… ....................................................................................... 23 Figure 6 Core Network Corridor ports and regular ro-ro services of EU ports in the Atlantic basin ......................................................................................... 25 Figure 7 Core Network Corridor ports and regular ro-ro services in the Western Mediterranean........................................................................................ 27 Figure 8 Core Network Corridor ports and regular ro-ro services in the North Sea basin .................................................................................................... 29 Figure 9 Timeline of Legislative Drivers .................................................................. 36 Tables Table 1 Maritime cargo traffic by major sea basins, 2018 ........................................17 Table 2 Maritime cargo traffic of CNC ports in the Baltic Sea by cargo type, 2018 ......21 Table 3 Maritime cargo traffic of CNC ports in the North Sea by cargo type, 2018 ......24 Table 4 Maritime cargo traffic of CNC ports on the Atlantic Coast by cargo type, 2018 ................................................................................26 Table 5 Maritime cargo traffic of CNC ports in the Western Mediterranean by cargo type, 2018 ................................................................................28 Table 6 Maritime cargo traffic of CNC ports in the Eastern Mediterranean