VT420 Programmer Reference Manual Order Number EK–VT420–RM.002 Digital Equipment Corporation First Edition, November 1989 Second Edition, February 1992 The information in this document is subject to change without notice and should not be construed as a commitment by Digital Equipment Corporation. Digital Equipment Corporation assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document. The software described in this document is furnished under a license and may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of such license. No responsibility is assumed for the use or reliability of software on equipment that is not supplied by Digital Equipment Corporation or its affiliated companies. Restricted Rights: Use, duplication, or disclosure by the U. S. Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph ( c ) ( 1 ) ( ii ) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 252.227–7013. Copyright © Digital Equipment Corporation 1989, 1992 All Rights Reserved. Printed in U.S.A. The following are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation: DEC, DEClaser, DECnet, DECserver, LA, LA50, LA75 Companion, LA324, LN01, LN03, LQP02, Scholar, SSU, VMS, VT, VT52, VT100, VT220, VT320, and VT420. AT&T is a registered trademark of American Telephone and Telegraph Company. IBM is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corporation. This document was prepared and published by Educational Services Development and Publishing, Digital Equipment Corporation. Contents About This Manual xvii Part 1 Introduction to Your VT420 Terminal 1 VT420 Features VT420 Models . ........................................ 3 Keyboards . ........................................ 4 New Features . ........................................ 6 PC TERM Mode ...................................... 6 Two Sessions ........................................ 6 User Windows ....................................... 7 Page Memory ........................................ 7 Macro Feature ....................................... 8 Rectangular Area Operations ............................ 8 Local Copy and Paste Feature (VT Mode) . ............... 8 Number of Lines/Screen ................................ 8 General Features ....................................... 9 Set-Up ............................................. 9 Display Features ..................................... 9 Text Features ........................................ 9 Character Sets ....................................... 10 Communication Features ............................... 11 Operating Modes ....................................... 12 iii iv Contents 2 Character Encoding Overview ............................................. 13 Coding Standards ....................................... 14 Characters and Character Sets ............................ 16 Code Table ............................................ 16 7-Bit ASCII Code Table ................................ 17 8-Bit Code Table ..................................... 20 VT420 Character Sets . ................................ 23 DEC Supplemental Graphic Character Set . ............... 24 ISO Latin Alphabet Nr 1 Supplemental Character Set . ....... 26 National Replacement Character Sets (NRC Sets) (Worldwide Models Only) ............................... 27 DEC Special Graphic Character Set ....................... 29 DEC Technical Character Set ............................ 30 Downloaded (Soft) Character Set . ........................ 31 Control Characters ...................................... 31 Control Functions ...................................... 36 Sequence Format ..................................... 37 Escape Sequences .................................... 38 Control Sequences .................................... 38 Numeric Parameters ................................ 39 Selective Parameters ................................ 40 Device Control Strings . ................................ 40 Using Control Characters in Sequences .................... 41 7-Bit Code Extension Technique . ........................ 42 Working with 7-Bit and 8-Bit Environments . ............... 43 Conventions for Codes Received by the Terminal ............. 43 Conventions for Codes Sent by the Terminal . ............... 43 Using Macros . ........................................ 44 Define Macro (DECDMAC) ............................. 44 Invoke Macro (DECINVM) ............................. 47 Display Controls Mode . ................................ 48 Contents v Part 2 Control Functions Sent to the Host 3 ANSI, Short ANSI, and PC Keyboard Codes Keyboard Layouts ...................................... 58 Main Keypad . ........................................ 60 Standard Keys ....................................... 60 Special-Function Keys (ANSI Keyboard) ................... 62 Special-Function Keys (Short ANSI Keyboard) .............. 63 Special-Function Keys (PC Keyboard) ..................... 63 Editing Keypad ........................................ 64 Numeric Keypad ....................................... 66 Top-Row Function Keys . ................................ 73 7-Bit Control Characters . ................................ 78 Special Cases . ........................................ 79 Turning Autorepeat On and Off . ........................ 79 Unlocking the Keyboard ................................ 80 Part 3 Control Functions Received from the Host 4 Emulating VT Series Terminals Level 1 (VT100 Mode) . ................................ 83 Level 4 (VT400 Mode) . ................................ 84 All Levels ............................................. 84 Selecting an Operating Level (DECSCL) . ............... 87 Sending C1 Controls to the Host . ........................ 88 National Replacement Character Set Mode (DECNRCM) ...... 89 vi Contents 5 Using Character Sets Selecting Character Sets . ................................ 91 Designating Character Sets (SCS Sequences) ............... 93 Mapping Character Sets ............................... 95 Locking Shifts (LS) . ................................ 98 Single Shifts (SS) . ................................ 99 National Replacement Character Sets (Worldwide Model Only) ................................ 100 Assigning User-Preferred Supplemental Sets (DECAUPSS) . 100 ANSI Conformance Levels . ........................ 101 Soft Character Sets ..................................... 102 Designing a Soft Character Set . ........................ 103 Coding the Soft Character Set . ........................ 107 Downloading Soft Characters ............................ 113 Downline Load (DECDLD) . ........................ 114 Designating the Soft Character Set ....................... 122 Soft Character Set Example ............................. 123 Clearing a Soft Character Set . ........................ 125 6 Page Memory What is Page Memory? . ................................ 126 Page Memory for One Session . ........................ 127 Page Memory for Two Sessions . ........................ 129 Controlling the Page Format .............................. 130 Selecting 80 or 132 Columns per Page .................... 130 Set Lines per Page (DECSLPP) . ........................ 132 Set Left and Right Margins (DECSLRM) . ............... 133 Set Top and Bottom Margins (DECSTBM) . ............... 134 Origin Mode (DECOM) ................................ 135 Vertical Split Screen Mode (DECVSSM) ................... 135 Moving to Another Page . ................................ 136 Next Page (NP) ...................................... 136 Preceding Page (PP) . ................................ 137 Page Position Absolute (PPA) . ........................ 138 Page Position Backward (PPB) . ........................ 138 Page Position Relative (PPR) . ........................ 139 Contents vii Summary ............................................. 140 7 Setting Visual Character and Line Attributes Setting Visual Character Attributes . ........................ 142 Select Graphic Rendition (SGR) . ........................ 143 Setting Line Attributes . ................................ 144 Single-Width, Single-Height Line (DECSWL) ............... 144 Double-Width, Single-Height Line (DECDWL) .............. 145 Double-Width, Double-Height Line (DECDHL) .............. 145 Summary ............................................. 147 8 Editing Inserting and Deleting Columns, Lines, and Characters . ....... 148 Insert/Replace Mode (IRM) ............................. 149 Delete Column (DECDC) .............................. 149 Insert Column (DECIC) ............................... 150 Delete Line (DL) ..................................... 150 Insert Line (IL) ...................................... 151 Delete Character (DCH) ............................... 152 Insert Character (ICH) ................................ 152 Erasing Text . ........................................ 153 Erase in Display (ED) . ................................ 153 Erase in Line (EL) . ................................ 154 Erase Character (ECH) ................................ 154 Selectively Erasing Text . ................................ 155 Select Character Protection Attribute (DECSCA) ............ 155 Selective Erase in Display (DECSED) ..................... 156 Selective Erase in Line (DECSEL) ....................... 157 Summary ............................................. 158 viii Contents 9 Rectangular Area Operations Copying, Filling, and Erasing Rectangular Areas .............. 160 Copy Rectangular Area (DECCRA) ....................... 161 Fill Rectangular