National Environment and Planning Agency Fifth National Report for Jamaica 2010-2013 Prepared by NEPA December 2015 i ANNEX 1 COPYRIGHT PAGE Document Title: Fifth National Report for the NBSAP Project Prepared by: Dionne Newell for the National Environment and Planning Agency (NEPA), December 2015 10&11 Caledonia Avenue Kingston 5 Jamaica W.I. Telephone: (876) 754-7540 Fax: (876) 754-7596 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.nepa.gov.jm All rights reserved. This publication may not be reproduced in whole or part for education or non-profit purposes without the special permission from the copyright holder. Acknowledgement of the source must be made and the National Environment & Planning Agency would appreciate receiving a copy of any such publication. Copyright © 2016 by the National Environment and Planning Agency Edited: May 2, 2016 ii Table of Contents List of Acronyms/Abbreviations................................................................................................................... iv List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................... vi List of Tables ................................................................................................................................................ vi Executive Summary.......................................................................................................................................1 Chapter 1. An Update on Biodiversity Status, Trends, Threats and Implications for Human Well-being ...6 1.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................6 1.2 Biodiversity ...................................................................................................................................6 1.2.1. Terrestrial..............................................................................................................................6 1.2.2. Marine and Coastal Areas.....................................................................................................9 1.2.3. Status of Endangered/Threatened Species.........................................................................13 1.2.4. Agriculture and Agricultural Ecosystems ............................................................................14 1.2.5. Forests and Mountain Ecosystems .....................................................................................14 1.2.6. Inland Waters......................................................................................................................17 1.2.7. Dry and Sub-humid Lands ...................................................................................................19 1.2.8. Islands .................................................................................................................................22 1.3. Main Threats to Biodiversity.......................................................................................................23 1.3.1. Habitat Loss.........................................................................................................................23 1.3.2. Overexploitation .................................................................................................................24 1.3.3. Climate Change ...................................................................................................................26 1.3.4. Invasive Alien Species .........................................................................................................28 1.3.5. Constraints ..........................................................................................................................30 1.4. Enforcement ...............................................................................................................................31 1.4.1. Stakeholder Consultations ..................................................................................................32 Chapter 2. Jamaica’s National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan, its Implementation and the Mainstreaming of Biodiversity....................................................................................................................33 2.1. Current Status: the NBSAP, 2003.....................................................................................................33 2.2. Lessons Learned...............................................................................................................................46 2.3. Actions taken to implement the Convention...................................................................................46 2.3.1. Biodiversity Projects..................................................................................................................46 2.3.2. Legislative Framework ..............................................................................................................48 iii 2.3.3. Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety ........................................................................................50 2.4. Sectoral and Cross-Sectoral Mainstreaming of Biodiversity...........................................................51 2.4.1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................51 2.4.2. Tourism Sector ..........................................................................................................................51 2.4.3. Energy Sector ............................................................................................................................52 2.4.4. Mining and Quarrying Sectors .................................................................................................52 2.4.5. Environmental Sector...............................................................................................................53 2.4.6. Fisheries Sector ...................................................................................................................55 2.4.7. Agricultural Sector ..............................................................................................................57 2.4.8. Agro-Forestry ......................................................................................................................60 2.4.9. Forestry Sector....................................................................................................................60 2.4.10. National Spatial Plan ...............................................................................................................63 Chapter 3. An Assessment of the Progress Towards Implementation of Biodiversity Conservation Activities aligned with the Strategic Plan 2011 – 2020; including Aichi Targets and the relevant 2015 Millenium Development Goals ..................................................................................................................65 3.1 Progress Towards Implementation...................................................................................................65 3.2.Conclusions .......................................................................................................................................98 3.2.1 Contribution of Activities to Aichi Targets and relevant MDGs.................................................98 3.2.2. Future Priorities and Capacity-Building Needs .........................................................................98 3.2.3. Suggested National Actions to Enhance Implementation of the Convention ..........................99 iv List of Acronyms/Abbreviations AnGRFA Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture APCAR Action Plan for Corals and Reefs BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand BRIT Botanical Research Institute of Texas CARDI Caribbean Agriculture and Research Development Institute CASE College of Agriculture, Science and Education CBD Convention on Biological Diversity CBO Community Based Organization CCA Climate Change Adaptation CCAM Caribbean Coastal Area Management Foundation CEPF Critical Ecosystems Partnership Fund CHM Clearing-House Mechanism CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora CMC Cays Management Committee DRR Disaster Risk Reduction Project EIA Environmental Impact Assessment ENACT Environmental Action Programme ESSJ Economic and Social Survey for Jamaica EU European Union FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FD Forestry Department 4NR Fourth National Report GDP Gross Domestic Product GEF Global Environment Facility HACCP Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points IABIN Inter-American Biodiversity Information Network I3N IABIN Invasives Information Network IAS Invasive Alien Species IPM Integrated Pest Management IOJ Institute of Jamaica IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature JCDT Jamaica Conservation and Development Trust JCF Jamaica Constabulary Force JCRMN Jamaica Coral Reef Monitoring Network JDF Jamaica Defence Force JET Jamaica Environment Trust JHTA Jamaica Hotel and Tourist Association JIRG Jamaica Iguana Recovery Group v JNEAP Jamaica National Environment Action Plan JNHT Jamaica National Heritage Trust KHEMP Kingston Harbour Environmental Management Programme LFMCs Local Forest Management Committees LICJ Land Information Council of Jamaica LMO Living Modified Organism MBMP Montego Bay Marine Park MGD Mines and Geology Division MTIASIC Mitigating the Threats