Osseointegration and Dental Implants Asbjorn Jokstad Osseointegration and Dental Implants Osseointegration and Dental Implants Edited by Asbjorn Jokstad, DDS, PhD A John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Publication Asbjorn Jokstad, DDS, PhD, is Professor and Head of the Discipline of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry at the University of Toronto in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. He is also the Director of the prosthodontic speciality training and holds the Nobel Biocare Chair in Prosthodontics at the University of Toronto. Edition fi rst published 2008 © 2008 Wiley-Blackwell Blackwell Munksgaard, formerly an imprint of Blackwell Publishing, was acquired by John Wiley & Sons in February 2007. Blackwell’s publishing programme has been merged with Wiley’s global Scientifi c, Technical, and Medical business to form Wiley-Blackwell. 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All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks, or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Library of Congress Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Toronto Osseointegration Conference Revisited (2008 : Toronto, Canada) Osseointegration and dental implants / [edited by] Asbjorn Jokstad. p. ; cm. Based on the proceedings of the Toronto Osseointegration Conference Revisited, which took place on May 8–10, 2008. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-8138-1341-7 (alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-8138-1341-7 (alk. paper) 1. Dental implants–Congresses. 2. Osseointegration–Congresses. I. Jokstad, Asbjorn. II. Title. [DNLM: 1. Dental Implantation–methods–Congresses. 2. Osseointegration–Congresses. 3. Dental Implants–Congresses. WU 640 T686o 2008] RK667.I45T67 2008 617.6′92–dc22 2008033209 A catalogue record for this book is available from the U.S. Library of Congress. Set in 10 on 12 pt Sabon by SNP Best-set Typesetter Ltd., Hong Kong Printed in Singapore by Fabulous Printers Pte Ltd Disclaimer The contents of this work are intended to further general scientifi c research, understanding, and discussion only and are not intended and should not be relied upon as recommending or promoting a specifi c method, diagnosis, or treatment by practitioners for any particular patient. The publisher and the author make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifi cally disclaim all warranties, including without limitation any implied warranties of fi tness for a particular purpose. In view of ongoing research, equipment modifi cations, changes in governmental regulations, and the constant fl ow of information relating to the use of medicines, equipment, and devices, the reader is urged to review and evaluate the information provided in the package insert or instructions for each medicine, equipment, or device for, among other things, any changes in the instructions or indication of usage and for added warnings and precautions. Readers should consult with a specialist where appropriate. The fact that an organization or Website is referred to in this work as a citation and/or a potential source of further information does not mean that the author or the publisher endorses the information the organization or Website may provide or recommendations it may make. Further, readers should be aware that Internet Websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read. No warranty may be created or extended by any promotional statements for this work. Neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for any damages arising herefrom. 1 2008 Contents Foreword ix 2 Comprehensive Treatment Preface xi Planning for Complete Arch Contributing Authors xiii Restorations 27 Treatment of the Edentulous Introduction xix Maxilla and Mandible with Asbjorn Jokstad Implant-Retained Overdentures 27 David A. Felton Key Implant Positions and Implant 1 Implant Dentistry: Number: A Biomechanical A Technology Assessment 3 Rationale 32 Carl E. Misch How Many Implant Systems Treatment Alternatives for the Do We Have and Are They Terminal Dentition Patient 35 Documented? 3 Luca Cordaro Asbjorn Jokstad What Have We Learned from Randomized Controlled Clinical 3 Comprehensive Treatment Trials on Oral Implants? 9 Planning for the Patient Marco Esposito, Maria Gabriella with Complex Treatment Grusovin, Paul Coulthard, and Needs 43 Helen Worthington The Challenging Patient with Systematic Reviews of Survival and Facial Deformities, Rare Complication Rates of Implant- Disorders, or Old Age 43 Supported Fixed Dental Prostheses Birgitta Bergendal, and Single Crowns 14 James D. Anderson, and Bjarni Elvar Pætursson Frauke Müller v vi Contents 4 Comprehensive Treatment Pre-implant Surgical Planning for the Patient Interventions Tissue-Engineering with Oral or Systemic Solutions 125 Infl ammation 63 E. Todd Scheyer The Effi cacy of Osseointegrated Guided Bone Regeneration with Dental Implants for or without Bone Grafts: From Periodontally Compromised Experimental Studies to Clinical Patients 63 Application 129 Myron Nevins and Nikolaos Donos David M. Kim Profi les and Treatment Options 7 Pre-implant Surgical for Refractory Patients in a Augmentation Periodontal Practice 70 Interventions 141 Øystein Fardal and Gerard J. Linden Hard-Tissue Augmentation to Osseointegrate Implants 141 Systemic Implications of Peri- Friedrich W. Neukam, implant Infl ammation: Mimicry Emeka Nkenke, and Rainer Lutz of the Periodontitis-Systemic Disease Model? 74 Onlay and Inlay Grafting in Howard C. Tenenbaum, Michael Implant Rehabilitation: Clinical Glogauer, Michael Landzberg, and Aspects 148 Michael Goldberg Karl-Erik Kahnberg Is Autogenous Bone Still the 5 Surgery Phase Planning 85 “Gold Standard” for Grafting? Advances in Diagnosis and Current Opinion on the Use of Treatment Planning Utilizing CT Autograft in Implant Dentistry 152 Scan Technology for Improving Craig M. Misch Surgical and Restorative Implant Reconstruction: Tools of 8 Pre-implant Surgical Empowerment 85 Interventions with Focus Scott D. Ganz on the Maxilla 167 Immediate Implants in Infected Evolution of the Sinus Sites: Contraindications Augmentation Procedure: 1982, Reconsidered 95 2008, and Beyond 167 Jay R. Beagle Stephen S. Wallace and Stuart J. Froum Image-Based Implant Therapy: Current Status and Future Bone Augmentation in the Perspectives 101 Severely Resorbed Maxilla 175 Homah Zadeh Lars Rasmusson 6 Pre-implant Surgical 9 Biomaterials and Substances Interventions 117 for Site Optimizing 183 Horizontal and Vertical Bone Alveolar Augmentation: Past, Regeneration in the Maxilla and Present, and Future 183 Mandible 117 Ulf M.E. Wikesjö, Massimo Simion, Burton Langer and Michael S. Reddy Contents vii 10 Implant Surgery Changing Rationales: Connecting Interventions 197 Teeth with Implants by a Suprastructure 260 Three-Dimensional Reverse Tissue Paul Weigl Engineering for Optimal Dental Implant Reconstruction 197 16 Restorative Phase Treatment Michael A. Pikos and Planning Using Shortened Albert H. Mattia Clinical Protocols 269 11 The Implant and Biological Stability of Implant-Abutment Response 205 Connections 269 Thomas D. Taylor The Healing Bone-Implant Interface: Role of Micromotion and Shortened Clinical Protocols: The Related Strain Levels in Tissue 205 (R)evolution Is Still Ongoing 273 John B. Brunski, Jennifer A. Currey, Roland Glauser Jill A. Helms, Philipp Leucht, Antonio Nanci, and Rima Wazen 17 The Transmucosal Component and the Supra- 12 The Implant Surface and construction Revolution 279 Biological Response 213 Abutment Design and Materials The Changing Interface 213 Using CAD/CAM Technology 279 John E. Davies, Peter Schüpbach, Steven E. Eckert and Lyndon Cooper CAD/CAM in Implant Dentistry 285 13 The Implant Design and Jörg-R. Strub and Biological Response 225 Siegbert Witkowski Infl uences of Implant Design 18 The Implant Design and and Surface Properties on Clinical Outcomes 295 Osseointegration and Implant Stability 225 Contemporary Dental Implants Jan Gottlow and Clinical Performance 295 John K. Schulte and Shadi Daher Implant Surface Design and Local Stress Fields—Effects on The Internal Connection: A Peri-implant Bone Formation Contributing Factor to Achieving and Retention with “Short” an Aesthetic Result 302 Porous-Surfaced Implants 230 Antonio Sanz Ruiz