Open Research Online The Open University’s repository of research publications and other research outputs The relationship of the son to the father in Justin Martyr Thesis How to cite: Herbert, John (1979). The relationship of the son to the father in Justin Martyr. PhD thesis The Open University. For guidance on citations see FAQs. c 1977 The Author Version: Version of Record Copyright and Moral Rights for the articles on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. For more information on Open Research Online’s data policy on reuse of materials please consult the policies page. oro.open.ac.uk .... L. ' - The Relationship of the Son to the Father in Justin Martyr John Herbert B*A*(Wales), B A*(London), M. A*(Wales) ZE) cý r:, lb Z4 I CU.JQJ4 This thesis is offered for the Ph. D. degree of the Open University and it pertains to the discipline'of Theology, September, 1977. ST COPY AVAILA L Poor text in the original thesis. Some text bound close to the spine. Some images distorted Abstract The Introduction contains a discussion on the manuscripts of the works of Justin Martyr and draws attention to inaccuracies in previous authors* The texts of recent editors have been considered and the works of even more recent scholars on Justin have been assessed. To set the entire book in perspective has needed a general comment and this has involved a consideration of the sitz im leben of the works of Justine We tried to describe the being of God as we thought Justin imagined Him, Middle Platonist as our author was* We failed to find here the person of a beloved Father who cared deeply in a profoundly personal way for his children. Retribution seemed to be the way in which the Supreme Principle commanded obedience* The Incarnation of the Christ-Locos also drew upon the concepts of Middle Platonism. We were inclined to associate a Subordinate Son with ideas of the Gnostics and could not find escape from a conclusion that an intimate relationship between the /Son and the Father played an insig-nificant part in Redemption* The sacrifice of Christwas interpreted as a penal substitution where there was some exorcistic; stress on the nature of the sacrifice* Althouch Christ was a Mediators there were elements present of magicl exorcism and certainly Gnostic ideas. The will of God was the greatest element in the relationship between the Father and the $one We concluded that the tolerance for Gnostic ideas was.. so great in Justin that there were serious implications for what was considered lorthodoxyl in the second century A. D, -3- Table of Contents Page Title 1 ...... Abstract 2 ... Table of Contents 0 0 0 . 0 3 4 Acknowledgments * 0 0 0 0 * 0 Introduction The Father 22 .... The Son ..... 0 0 0 77 Mediation 114 Gnosticism .... 161 Conclusion 100 ... 0 0 q 0 0 0 0 0 Bibliography ... 194 w- am nie The cubject matter of this work has teen compiled durinC, as infrequent minutes of a leiruro ti mzs ruatchod from the pressures of ru=inc a vory larCe comprehenniva scLcol* Xn attempting-, to , I instil Ideals into the pupile. ond, teachers of zy achool, I have drawn r-trcn&th from my Christian conviction3 and to thece convictionat Justin F-artyr 1= r4ded his own contribution* In c, paCan aCet he was an apolorist for the Christian faith end a man vith a vocation* In twentieth century Britain an4 especinl. 3,y in its final quarterp It hars not boon cany to dogy a philistine spirit and a, nihiliatic, attitudo to 'the nobler values of the Great -thinkers and philosophers* debt FZ to ft-ofescor R*P*Co Ilanzons Profescor of Ilistorical, and contemPor=7 Theolomr at the Univwsity of -Ranchestert luw leen i=eazurably Ila has profounilo --sharpened ru mental, equipment for the arduous demands of research. Be has demolished-naive conclusiona with a deft monoryllables 14'43has compelled va to arj: uo more fully judConentr. which have Icon -too facilo* He him tolerated with infinite patience juvonile 'blomiahos rnd patent carelezonesuo But above all he har. -. cncourared me to continue when r7 couraGo ran abort* It ban not been ezzy to ctudy the often recondite matter for thic workj ProfcZzor Rawoz, bas been a superb oupervizoro If thin pumr uork of acliolarship does not succeed in ito immodiato purpose# I have only oyself to find culpable* I cannot thank*him. too CUCh* For thOWork itcalf,, it will be impossible 'to pa7 LV debt without unconscious Mission of one n=e or anotbery especially after half a century of conn-tant rezdinC. I have attempted to acknowledj: * the help in of others C7 footnoten and in the biblioCrarhyo I havo used constantly Le Ratch and B. A. A Concordnnea to the 111odpaths, _rIertunrirttl Ho R. Charlea, 'The Al:, ocryr ha nn(l rreucle,, mir ba of. the O. T. Enrlight -rar -in J, U, r-oulton and Go klillieanp The VccubulaM of the T#I*To; G*W, Ug Lamp3j A Patrintio Creek Lexico frequent. E-Lax-11CM oI have had access to Jore Mignel ýutt ratrolo! ýIac Ctq, Com-,51etuno For Clcment of Rome, le=t1ung Fo3jcarpg the Didache, Barnabas, Hermas, the Martyrdom of Polycarp and the Epistle to Diognetus, the Loeb texts have been used. I have had constant recourse to the text of DeR. Bueno for all the works of Justin, and for Aristides, Tatian, Athenagoras and Theophilus of Antioch* The Loeb Philo and the Oxford texts for classical authors have been regularly employed. Where other editors have been used, the fact has been stated in the footnoteso Without the initial teaching of the Rev. F. N. Miles of Pontypriddl without the instruction in the Christian faith in grimmer times from the Rev. E. Ridley Lawis,. a parish priest of the Rhonddal and without the university inspiration of Professor R. G. Austin, formerly of the University of Wales, not one word of this work could have been attempted* I am in the debt of Mrs. Wendy Davies of Lliswerry High Schoolg Newport, for typing the manuscript. YY wife and family have seen me desert them daily from the hearth to the lonely study. My gratitude to them is beyond assessment@ RiBca, Gwent, 1977* -6- Introduation The scope of the present study does not set out to include a history of the manuscripts of Justin Martyr's works. But it is a matter of regret that modern authors who have had occasion to refer in detail to the later history of the manuscripts, have either repeated, inaccuracies from the works of predecessors or have made casual mistakes in their references. In the interests of accuracy and because there are omissions in the recordo a brief account will not be out of place. Our knowledge of the works of Justin principally 1 depends on two manuscripts in the Bibliotheque Nationalev Parisy the Codex Regius_Parisinus Graec. CDL and the Codex Regius Paridinus Supple Graeo. CXC. The former contains all the known works of Justin with the interesting feature that Apolo II precedes Apolopff I. The latter contains only the manuscripts which came into the Royal Library after 1740 AeDe It contains (in company with extracts from Clement of Alexandrial Origen and others) a few excerpts from Justin with some brief notes in Latin* These excerpts are of little value for textual, emendation* The Codex CDL is full of deliberate interpolations and gratuitous additions* N of. D. R. Bueno, PacIres Apologistas Griegoss P*180: lei unicO manuscýktO'w - 'I - The, Codex Claromontanus 57* Phillips M3- 3081, 'Justini Martyris Opera* (nods) is a very imperfect copy of Codex CDLo Modern authors have not checked its imperfections since they are content either to repeat wronF reference numbers or give it a wrong location* A. W.F. Blunt describes it as a 1541 A. D. Codex and gives I a wrong reference number, When the Jesuits were expelled from France in 1764 A-D-t the Codex Claromontanus 5T passed from the Jesuits' Library into the hands of a Johannes Meerman. On his death in 1824 A-D- the Codex came to England and into the library of a Sir Thomas Phillips of Middlehillp near Broadway, Worcs. The number of the Phillips Codex viz. LVII is the reference number given to the Codex both by the Meerman Library and in the notes of transfer in the Catalogue of the Jesuits' Library. The Codex was inherited by the Rev, J. A. Fenwick of Cheltenham in 1872o It is sometimes known as the Codex Fenwiokianuse This Codex Claromontanus LVII is in*the group of manuscripts deposited by the Fenwick trustees in the British Museum (Loan No. 36)e Modern authors failed to pursue this loan to its present home and seem content 2 to repeat untrue reportse A. W. F. Blunt, The Apologies of Justin Martyr, po Iii numbers, the Codex as LXXXrI. But Codex Claromontanus LXXXII is a manuscript of Chryaostomls Sermonesl once Phillips MS 1441, now in the Bodleian Librarye The Catholic Enoyolopaedia repeats the error of Blunt e. v. Justin Martyr, p. 581- 2e. g. D. R. Bueno, loc* cite p. 160: ten la biblioteoaIe Cheltenham'; of. Catholic Encyclopaedia, loo. cite P- 581, 'actually at Cheltenhamt in the possession of M. T*P* Penwick's I Van Winden was given wrong information by J, Smit Sibinga of Bloemendaal, Holland and thought that the manuscript was now in the I U. SSA. The Codex Ottobonianus Graeous CCLXXIV of the 15th Century contains Apology 1 65 - 67, This is in the Bibliotecs, Apostolica Vaticanal Rome and is catalogued thust Codices manusoripti graeci Ottoboniani Bibliothecae Vaticanae descripti *.