Joint Publication 2-01.3 T OF EN TH W E I S E' L L M H D T E F T E N A R D R A M P Y E D • • U A N C I I T R E E D M S A T F AT E S O Joint Intelligence Preparation of the Operational Environment 21 May 2014 PREFACE 1. Scope This publication provides doctrine for conducting joint intelligence preparation of the operational environment (OE) across the range of military operations. It describes the process to analyze the adversary and other relevant aspects of the OE in order to identify possible courses of action and to support joint operation planning, execution, and assessment. 2. Purpose This publication has been prepared under the direction of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS). It sets forth joint doctrine to govern the activities and performance of the Armed Forces of the United States in joint operations and provides the doctrinal basis for interagency coordination and for US military involvement in multinational operations. It provides military guidance for the exercise of authority by combatant commanders and other joint force commanders (JFCs) and prescribes joint doctrine for operations, education, and training. It provides military guidance for use by the Armed Forces in preparing their appropriate plans. It is not the intent of this publication to restrict the authority of the JFC from organizing the force and executing the mission in a manner the JFC deems most appropriate to ensure unity of effort in the accomplishment of the overall objective. 3. Application a. Joint doctrine established in this publication applies to the joint staff, commanders of combatant commands, subunified commands, joint task forces, subordinate components of these commands, the Services, and combat support agencies. b. The guidance in this publication is authoritative; as such, this doctrine will be followed except when, in the judgment of the commander, exceptional circumstances dictate otherwise. If conflicts arise between the contents of this publication and the contents of Service publications, this publication will take precedence unless the CJCS, normally in coordination with the other members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, has provided more current and specific guidance. Commanders of forces operating as part of a multinational (alliance or coalition) military command should follow multinational i Preface doctrine and procedures ratified by the United States. For doctrine and procedures not ratified by the United States, commanders should evaluate and follow the multinational command’s doctrine and procedures, where applicable and consistent with US law, regulations, and doctrine. For the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff: DAVID L. GOLDFEIN, Lt Gen, USAF Director, Joint Staff ii JP 2-01.3 SUMMARY OF CHANGES REVISION OF JOINT PUBLICATION 2-01.3 DATED 16 JUNE 2009 • Explains the reallocation of responsibility for the coordination and tasking of intelligence production support for current and planned joint operations to the Joint Staff Directorate for Intelligence and the Defense Intelligence Agency due to the disestablishment of the Defense Intelligence Operations Coordination Center. • Describes the roles and contributions of the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, National Security Agency/Central Security Service, Defense Threat Reduction Agency, and the Joint Improvised Explosive Device Defeat Organization, to the joint intelligence preparation of the operational environment (JIPOE) process. • Provides a more holistic description of the main focus of the JIPOE. • Establishes separate chapters for discussing each of the four steps in the JIPOE process. • Explains the intelligence implications for the growing recognition of the importance of “other relevant actors” to joint operations, to include a new appendix with an Operation IRAQI FREEDOM case study. • More clearly explains the JIPOE functions of a combatant command joint intelligence operations center. • Identifies additional members for a notional joint force “JIPOE coordination cell.” • Clarifies the roles and responsibilities between a “red cell” and the “combatant command red team” within the JIPOE process. • Expands the discussion of cyberspace considerations. • Provides a new discussion of identity intelligence products and sociocultural analysis contributions to JIPOE. • Describes the capabilities and contributions of weapons technical intelligence to the intelligence directorate of a joint staff planning and JIPOE. • Modifies the joint definitions of “exploitation,” “military geography,” and “named area of interest.” iii Summary of Changes Intentionally Blank iv JP 2-01.3 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................... xi CHAPTER I AN OVERVIEW OF JOINT INTELLIGENCE PREPARATION OF THE OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT · Introduction ................................................................................................................. I-1 · The Operational Environment—A Holistic View ...................................................... I-2 · Differences Between Joint Intelligence Preparation of the Operational Environment and Intelligence Preparation of the Battlespace .................................... I-5 · Joint Intelligence Preparation of the Operational Environment and the Joint Intelligence Process ............................................................................................ I-5 · Organizations, Roles, and Responsibilities ................................................................. I-9 · Interagency and Multinational Considerations ......................................................... I-18 · Relationship to the Levels of Warfare ...................................................................... I-19 · Considerations Across the Range of Military Operations ........................................ I-22 · Overview of the Process for Joint Intelligence Preparation of the Operational Environment .............................................................................................................. I-24 CHAPTER II DEFINE THE OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT—STEP 1 · Overview ....................................................................................................................II-1 · Identify the Joint Force’s Operational Area ...............................................................II-2 · Analyze the Mission and Joint Force Commander’s Intent .......................................II-3 · Determine the Significant Characteristics of the Operational Environment .............II-3 · Identify the Limits of the Joint Force’s Area of Interest ...........................................II-5 · Determine the Level of Detail Required and Feasible Within the Time Available ...II-6 · Determine Intelligence and Information Priorities, Gaps, and Shortfalls ..................II-7 · Collect Material and Submit Requests for Information to Support Further Analysis......................................................................................................................II-7 CHAPTER III DESCRIBE THE IMPACT OF THE OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT— STEP 2 · Overview .................................................................................................................. III-1 · Develop a Geospatial Perspective of the Operational Environment ........................ III-2 · Develop a Systems Perspective of the Operational Environment ......................... III-33 · Describe the Impact of the Operational Environment on Adversary and Friendly Capabilities .............................................................................................. III-48 v Table of Contents CHAPTER IV EVALUATE THE ADVERSARY AND OTHER RELEVANT ACTORS— STEP 3 · Overview .................................................................................................................. IV-1 · Update or Create Adversary and Other Relevant Actors Models ............................ IV-2 · Determine the Current Adversary and Other Relevant Actor Situations ................. IV-8 · Identify Adversary and Other Relevant Actor Centers of Gravity and Decisive Points ................................................................................................ IV-10 · Identify Adversary and Relevant Actors’ Capabilities and Vulnerabilities ........... IV-14 CHAPTER V DETERMINE ADVERSARY AND OTHER RELEVANT ACTOR COURSES OF ACTION—STEP 4 · Overview ................................................................................................................... V-1 · Identify the Adversary’s and Other Relevant Actors’ Strategy, Likely Objectives, and Desired End State ................................................................ V-2 · Identify the Full Set of Adversary and Other Relevant Actor Courses of Action .... V-2 · Evaluate and Prioritize Each Course of Action ........................................................ V-4 · Develop Each Course of Action in the Amount of Detail that Time Allows ........... V-5 · Identify Initial Collection Requirements .................................................................. V-8 CHAPTER VI SUPPORT TO JOINT OPERATION PLANNING, EXECUTION, AND ASSESSMENT · Introduction .............................................................................................................. VI-1 Section A. Planning · Overview .................................................................................................................. VI-1 · Planning Initiation ...................................................................................................