Washington University in St. Louis Washington University Open Scholarship Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations Arts & Sciences Spring 5-15-2020 Consuming Local, Thinking Global: Building a Halal Industry in a World of Made in Italy Lauren Virginia Crossland-Marr Washington University in St. Louis Follow this and additional works at: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds Part of the Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Crossland-Marr, Lauren Virginia, "Consuming Local, Thinking Global: Building a Halal Industry in a World of Made in Italy" (2020). Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 2175. https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds/2175 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Arts & Sciences at Washington University Open Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Washington University Open Scholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST. LOUIS Division of Arts & Sciences Anthropology Dissertation Examination Committee: John Bowen, Chair Elizabeth Krause Rebecca Lester Michael Sherberg Glenn Stone Consuming Local, Thinking Global: Building a Halal Industry in a World of Made in Italy by Lauren Crossland-Marr A dissertation presented to The Graduate School of Washington University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 2020 St. Louis, Missouri © 2020, Lauren Crossland-Marr Table of Contents List of Figures ................................................................................................................................. v Acknowledgments.......................................................................................................................... vi Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... ix Chapter 1: The Italian World of Certifying .................................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 How Food Italy and Halal Italia work .................................................................................. 4 1.3 Global Legibility and the Particularity of Knowledge ....................................................... 11 1.4 Dissertation Structure ......................................................................................................... 19 Chapter 2: Building a Framework................................................................................................. 23 2.1 Representations of Procedure ............................................................................................. 23 2.2 Ordering Frames Through Work ........................................................................................ 26 2.3 Tools and Material ............................................................................................................. 29 2.4 Abstracting Narratives Through Checking ........................................................................ 35 2.5 No Need to Justify Food Italy ............................................................................................ 37 2.6 Justifying Halal Certifications ............................................................................................ 39 2.6.1 The Validity of an Italian Islamic Lifestyle ............................................................................... 41 2.6.2 Halal is part of a healthy lifestyle .............................................................................................. 43 2.7 Conclusion .......................................................................................................................... 45 Chapter 3: Italian Food: Historical Legacies and Continuity ....................................................... 47 3.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 47 3.2 The Absence of Authenticity.............................................................................................. 50 3.3 History and the Global Constitution of Made in Italy ........................................................ 52 3.4 Standardizing Practices ...................................................................................................... 61 3.4.1 Standardizing Passion ................................................................................................................ 62 3.5 Names Take Space in Italy ................................................................................................. 67 3.6 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................... 71 Chapter 4: Building Halal Institutions in Italy .............................................................................. 73 ii 4.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 73 4.2 Halal in the Local Context ................................................................................................. 76 4.3 Halal Consumers in the Diaspora ....................................................................................... 80 4.3.1 Halal is like any other certification ............................................................................................ 81 4.4 Halal Italia and the Work of Being an Italian Muslim ........................................................ 84 4.4.1 Sufism in the West ...................................................................................................................... 85 4.5 Novel Tariqa and Local Acceptance ................................................................................... 89 4.6 History of the Coreis Philosophy ....................................................................................... 91 4.7 Traditionalism: from Philosophy to Movement(s) ............................................................. 94 4.7.1 Pallavinici’s Coreis ..................................................................................................................... 95 4.8 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................ 101 Chapter 5: Institutional Workspaces ........................................................................................... 103 5.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 103 5.2 Historical Trajectories: Family and Small Businesses ..................................................... 108 5.2.1 Family and Business in Italy..................................................................................................... 109 5.3 Identifying patterns through kinship and locality ............................................................. 113 5.4 Gender Roles and Children at Work ................................................................................. 116 5.5 Communal Space as Value-Add ...................................................................................... 119 5.6 Family Explicit and Obscured .......................................................................................... 120 5.7 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................ 123 Chapter 6: Alta Qualità ............................................................................................................... 126 6.1 Making Something Good: Daily Valuation Practices ...................................................... 126 6.2 Alta Qualità in Language ................................................................................................. 127 6.3 Valuation, Qualification, and Dual Processes .................................................................. 128 6.4 Institutionalizing Alta Qualità .......................................................................................... 132 6.5 Consuming Alta Qualità ................................................................................................... 136 6.6 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................ 140 Chapter 7: Conclusion................................................................................................................. 143 7.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 143 7.2 The Many Audiences of Certifications ............................................................................ 144 iii 7.3 The Value of a Comparative Methodology ...................................................................... 149 7.4 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................ 151 Bibliography ............................................................................................................................... 152 iv List of Figures Figure 1.1 KHC Group Organizational Chart.