LMU/LLS Theses and Dissertations 2016 Bhakti Yoga: Understanding Bhakti Through Rasa Sentiment Johanna Bennett Loyola Marymount University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/etd Part of the Education Commons, and the Religion Commons Recommended Citation Bennett, Johanna, "Bhakti Yoga: Understanding Bhakti Through Rasa Sentiment" (2016). LMU/LLS Theses and Dissertations. 780. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/etd/780 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School. It has been accepted for inclusion in LMU/LLS Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons@Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School. For more information, please contact [email protected]. "! Bhakti Yoga: Understanding Bhakti Through Rasa Sentiment by Johanna Bennett A thesis presented to the Faculty of the Department of Yoga Studies Loyola Marymount University In partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Masters of Arts in Yoga Studies 2016 #! TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 3! CHAPTER ONE - BHĀVA AND RASA 15! EMOTION 15! BHĀVA 17! RASA 19! RASA BHĀVA - RASA THEORY 21! CHAPTER TWO - BHAKTI 28! BHAKTI AS DEFINITION AND MOVEMENT IN CONTEXT 28! THE BHĀGAVATA PURĀṆA 33! THE GĪTAGOVINDA BY JAYADEVA – KṚṢṆA FROM RADHA’S PERSPECTIVE 37! BASIC EXPRESSIONS, QUALITIES, AND CHARACTERISTICS OF A BHAKTA 39! 2 MODES, 4 TYPES, AND 9 FORMS OF BHAKTI 46! THE GAUḌĪYA SAMPRADĀYA, CAITANYA, THE GOSVĀMINS, RŪPA GOSVĀMIN 49! CHAPTER THREE - BHAKTI RASA IN CONTEXT 50! BHAKTI RASA: RŪPA GOSVĀMIN – BHAKTIRASĀMṚTASINDHU 52! SĀDHANA BHAKTI IN THE BHAKTIRASĀMṚTASINDHU 56! MADHUSŪDANA SARASVATĪ – BHAKTIRASĀYANA: BHAKTI RASA FOR THE ADVAITIN 61! CONCLUSION 65! BIBLIOGRAPHY 71! ! $! !"#$%&'(#!%") ! %&'()!*'+!,'-.!! &'('!'(!/0'-1'23!! 40567!8-9!6)0:!+(!0'('!! ""#$%&&%'%($!)*$+%,$-.!/+$+-$!0$11%.!234! ! ;9<)8+)2!=7!2'8509!+(!>0)52:9:!+2!()19!<'0+987!)?!91)8+<9!9@A90+92B9C!D8!B'2! A0)<)E9!'!(92(9!)?!80'2(?)019:!+:928+87!+2!F-+B-!)29G(!)0:+2'07!(8'89!:0)A(!'F'7!'2:! 9+8-90!'!?9'0!='(9:!H?)6E!=-'E8+I3!-9'08!B928909:!H91)8+)2'6!=-'E8+I3!2'8+)2'6+(8+B!HA)6+8+B'6! =-'E8+I3!)0!52+<90('6+(8!H*9:'28'!=-'E8+I!:9<)8+)2'6!91)8+)2'6!?6'<)0!9190>9(C"!4-9! 91)8+)2'6!9@A90+92B9!'B8(!'(!'!A(7B-)6)>+B'6!=09'E8-0)5>-!'2:!(+85'89(!+8(96?!+2!8-9! =0)':90!B)289@8!)?!-51'2!'(A+0'8+)2(C!D2!'!096+>+)5(!(92(93!:9<)8+)2!+2!<'07+2>!:9>099(!B'2! =9!B568+<'89:!8-0)5>-!(805B8509:!0+85'63!F)0(-+A!)?!6)B'6!80':+8+)2'6!:9+8+9(!'2:!0+89(!8-'8! '0+(9!8-0)5>-!(A)28'29)5(!'2:!(5::92!+1A56(9!)0!8-0)5>-!8-9!'08(C!J)298-969((3!8-9! :9<)899!+(!8-9!<9((96!)?!()19!()08!)?!(5=:59:3!9B(8'8+B!)0!+289669B85'6!91)8+)2'6!09(A)2(9! :+09B89:!8)F'0:(!8-9!>):C!! D2!'2!D2:+'2!B)289@83!91)8+)2!B'2!=9!0'F!)0!09?+29:!'2:!+(!+:928+?+9:!'8!+8(!1)(8! ?52:'1928'6!='(9!1)):!+2!,'2(E0+8!'(!'!5678$3!F-909'(!8-9!1'850'8+)2!)0!'61)(8!52+<90('6! ?)01!)?!8-+(!5678$!)0!91)8+<9!1)):!+(!B'669:!'$9$3!:$9$!'2:!5678$!:9<96)A9:!'(!8-9)0+9(!+2! D2:+'2!'9(8-98+B!80':+8+)2!+2!=)8-!A90?)01'2B9K='(9:!809'8+(9(!'(!F966!'(!F+8-+2!'08G(! B)229B8+)2(!F+8-!8-9!98-+B'6!'2:!(A+0+85'6!:+192(+)2(!)?!6+?9#!8-0)5>-!8-9!F)0E(!H'1)2>! )8-90(I!)?!8-9!;7&($<79&'$!)?!/-'0'8'!'2:!L=-+2'<'>5A8'G(!'58-)0+8'8+<9!+2890A098'8+)2!)?! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! "!M529!NB;'2+963!=>>?'%+@!A1BC?'9.!A??-%+@!DEF119G!HB*F1$'!IB--?99!JB'96%*!%+!J?9&! K?+@$1!HJ9F!O)0EP!Q@?)0:!R2+<90(+87!S09((3!#TTUI3!"UVC!!! #!W'8-6992!N'0+9!X+>>+2(3!%L2!L6B-917!)?!Y1)8+)2P!&'('!'2:!L9(8-98+B! #!W'8-6992!N'0+9!X+>>+2(3!%L2!L6B-917!)?!Y1)8+)2P!&'('!'2:!L9(8-98+B! /09'E8-0)5>-(3.!#6?!LBF'+$1!B>!/?9&6?&%M9!$+-!/'&!N'%&%M%9O3!ZVP"!H#TT[IP!U$C!! ! U! '$9$!8-9)07!='(9:!)2!8-9!;7&($<79&'$C!O98!:$9$!'2:!5678$!'6()!096'89!8)!8-9!9@A09((+)2!)?! :9<)8+)2!+2!:9<)8+)2'6!096+>+)5(!B)289@8(C!:$9%E$9!'2:!K6$E&$9!?)01!87A9(!)?!(A9B8'8)0(!+2! 8-9!6'0>90!1P17!HA6'7I!)?!:9<)8+)2C!4-9!'$9%E$3!'(!8-9!9:5B'89:!B)22)+((950!)?!'08!8-'8!B'2!?996! 8-9!096+(-!)?!'!?+29!8529:!'$9$!)?!'!A90?)01'2B9!'2:!8-9!56$E&$!8-'8!B'2!(50092:90!+2!8)8'6! 91)8+)2'6!6)<9!'2:!F)0(-+A!8)!8-9!-?8$&$C!! D2!8-+(!9(('73!D!'1!6))E+2>!8)!52:90(8'2:!8-9!'??9B8+<9!80'2(?)01'8+)2!)?!8-9!:9<)899! 8-0)5>-!&'('!(928+1928C!\9!F+66!6))E!'8!8-9!8-9)07!)?!8-9!9+>-8!'2:!2+29!'$9$3!'2:!='(9:!)2! 8-+(!?)52:'8+)2!6))E!+28)!8-9!A)((+=+6+87!)?!F-98-90!/-'E8+!'(!(928+1928!+8(96?!B'2!=9! B)2(+:909:!'!'$9$!+2!6+>-8!)?!0+85'6!:9<)8+)2C!4-9!D2:+'2!B6'((+B'6!'08(!-'<9!5(9:!096+>+)2!'(! +2(A+0'8+)2!'2:!+8!+(!A)((+=69!8)!(85:7!8-9!096+>+)2(!)?!D2:+'!8-0)5>-!-90!A90?)01+2>!'08(C$! /583!B'2!F9!09:+09B8!8-+(!A0)B9((!'2:!9@A90+92B9!0+85'6!:9<)8+)2!'(!'08!'2:!0'('!(928+1928]! &+85'6!'(!'!1'2+?9(8'8+)2!'2:!9@A09((+)2!)?!:9<)8+)2!+(!2)!:)5=8!'!-+>-67!B)1152'6! 'B8+<+87C!Y<92!+2!8-9!B'(9(!)?!A0'B8+B+2>!'6)293!)29!+(!B)229B89:!8)!'!6'0>90!>0)5A!+2!F-+B-! )=(90<+2>!:9<)8+)2!'(!'!:9<)899!8)!'!A'08+B56'0!>):!9(8'=6+(-9(!'!6+2E!8)!+:928+87!'2:! 80':+8+)2C!4-5(!:9<)8+)2'6!0+85'6!B'2!=9!'!=0+:>9!=98F992!8-9!A-+6)()A-+B'6!'2:!6+890'07! 89'B-+2>(!)?!'!80':+8+)2!'2:!8-9!6+<+2>!80':+8+)2!+8(96?3!A)+28+2>!)29!8)F'0:(!52:90(8'2:+2>! 8-9!0+B-29((!'2:!B)1A69@+8+9(!)?!1'27!X+2:5!80':+8+)2(!'(!8-97!'09!A0'B8+B9:!)2!8-9!>0)52:! +2!A)A56'0!'2:!?)6E!9@A09((+)2(3!0'8-90!8-'2!8-0)5>-!)267!'!A-+6)()A-+^9:!A90(A9B8+<9C!! \-'8!+(!8-+(!91)8+)2'6!(8'89!8-'8!+(!+2-90928!+2!91)8+)2'6!=-'E8+!9@A09((9:!+2!:'+67!/-'E8+! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! $!,5('2!_C!,B-F'08^3!:$9$!H?'>B'O%+@!&6?!Q%8%+?!%+!R+-%$!HJ9F!O)0EP!`)651=+'! R2+<90(+87!S09((3!#TTUI3!#C! ! V! 80':+8+)2(!)?!D2:+'!(5B-!'(!A)((9((+)23!(A9B+?+B!6)B'6!B)1152+87!0+85'6(3!15(+B3!A)98+B(3! :'2B9!A6'(8+B!'08(!'2:!:+98'07!'2:!>92:90!09>56'8+)2(]U!! a)0!8-9!A50A)(9(!)?!8-+(!9(('7!'2:!+2!8-9!9??)08!8)!'08+B56'89!'!A'08+B56'0!9@A09((+)2! )?!=-'E8+3!8-9!?)B5(!F+66!=9!)2!91)8+)2'6!56$E&%!8-0)5>-!8-9!692(!)?!'!?)01!)?!ST,U$!K6$E&%! 8-'8!:0'F(!5A)2!B)2<928+)2(!?)52:!+2!'9(8-98+B!8-9)07!+2!)0:90!8)!B)1152+B'89!8-9!6)<+2>! :9<)8+)2!8)F'0:(!b):C!\-+69!8-909!'09!1'27!9@A09((+)2(!)?!56$E&%!80':+8+)2(!:9A92:+2>!)2! 8-9!:9+87!)?!F)0(-+A3!8-9!)28)6)>7!(5=(B0+=9:!)0!8-9!F'7!'2:!>)'6!8'E92!'(52:903!D!F+66! 9@A6)09!8-9!0)69!)?!'$9$!+2!8-9!:+(B)50(9(!)?!Wcde'!56$E&%!9@A09((9:!+2!+2?65928+'6!?)01!+2! 8-9!K67@$8$&$!HF'7U$3!'2:!8-9!IP&$@B8%+-$!)?!M'7':9<'!'2:!8-9)098+B'667!96'=)0'89:!+2!8-9! :5'6+(8!b'5fg7'!,'1A0':h7'!80':+8+)2!+2!'!(969B8+)2!?0)1!&iA'!b)(<h1+2G(! K6$E&%'$97OT&$9%+-6F!'(!F966!'(!+2!8-9!/-'E8+!&'('!?)0!8-9!L:<'+8+2!&9252B+'89!+2! N':-5(i:'2'!,'0'(<'8g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j9B8+)2!)?!8-9!=):+67!(92()07!+2A58!+2!(9'0B-!)?! OBE,$!91A-'(+^9:!+2!8-9!K6$@$8$-!IP&7!HBC!(9B)2:!B928507!/`YI3!8-9!0%,UF!HF'7U$!HBC! ?)508-!8)!?+?8-!B928507!`YI!'2:!8-9!,0+!*'+de'<'!)?!&h1h25j'!H"T"[K""$[!`YI!?)0!9@'1A69C! \+8-!8-'8!('+:!56$E&%!B'2!1'2+?9(8!:+??9092867!F+8-+2!'!6)B'6!?)6E!80':+8+)2!F+8-!-)5(9-)6:90! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! U!*'(5:-'!J'0'7'2'23!%;+>6)((+B!X+2:5+(1P!_+=90'8+)2!'2:!_928+6(C.!LBF'+$1!B>!&6?! /O?'%M$+!/M$-?O(!B>!:?1%@%B+3!ZkPU!H#TTTIP![ZkC! ! Z! F)192!'(!8-9!E99A90(!)?!:'+67!)0!F99E67!F)0(-+A!8)!E99A!8-9!>)::9((!-'AA7!'2:!?'1+67! 191=90(!?099!?0)1!+6629((C!D8!B'2!'6()!?+2:!9@A09((+)2!+2!9B(8'8+B3!9=566+928!91)8+)2'6!?)01(! F-909!8-9!6)<9!)?!>):!+(!8)!=9!9@A90+92B9:!8-0)5>-!8-9!91)8+)2(3!'2:!(92(9(!+2!)0:90!8)! 91=):7!8-9!<907!6)<9!8-'8!+(!:+09B89:3!'2:!8)!'B-+9<9!-9+>-8(!)?!=6+((!8-'8!8'E9(!)29(!1+2:! 'F'7!?0)1!(99E+2>!6+=90'8+)2!8)!'!:72'1+B!096'8+)2(-+A!)?!(9A'0'8+)2!'2:!52+)2!F+8-!8-9! =96)<9:C!! 4-+(!9(('7!+(!+2(A+09:!'2:!+2!9??9B8!'!B)28+25'8+)2!)?!09(9'0B-!D!B)2:5B89:!+2!)50! /-'>'<':!b+8'!'2:!O)>'!S-+6)()A-7!B)50(9(!6'(8!79'0!+2!4-9!N'(890(!+2!O)>'!,85:+9(!'8! _NRC!,+>2+?+B'2867!1)<9:!=7!8-9!9<928(!)?!B-'A890!969<92!?0)1!'2!91)8+)2'6!(8'2:A)+283!+2! 17!9(('7!8+869:!%&9?69B8+)2(!)2!Wcde'G(!4-9)A-'27!+2!8-9!/-'>'<':!b+8'.3!D!B)229B89:! L0j52'G(!8900+?7+2>!'2:!91=):+9:!91)8+)2'6!9@A90+92B9!)?!Wcde'G(!*+l<'0iA':'0l'2'7)>'! 8)!/-'0'8'G(!'$9$!8-9)07!+2!B6'((+B'6!D2:+'2!'9(8-98+B(!+2!8-9!568+1'89!>):m:9<)899! 096'8+)2(-+A!'(!'!F'7!8)!(5>>9(8!8-'8!)29!B)56:!09':!8-9!bg8h!?0)1!8-9!<+9FA)+28!)?!'08+(8+B! (928+1928!'2:!096+>+)5(!:9<)8+)2!(+1568'29)5(67C!! D!F0)89P!! %D2!D2:+'2!'08!?)01!(5B-!'(!:'2B93!8-9'8093!15(+B!'2:!6+890'8509!8-909!+(!'2!+2(+(892B9! )2!8-9!29'029((!)?!'08!9@A90+92B9!8)!(A+0+85'6!9@A90+92B9CV!`-'A890!""!)?!8-9!/-'>'<':!bg8h! '0>5'=67!?56?+66(!8-+(!n5'6+87!'(!6+890'07!'08!'2:!(A+0+85'6!19(('>9C!4-9!91)8+)23!)0!5678$3!8-9! A(7B-)6)>+B'6!9@A90+92B93!+(!8-9!?)52:'8+)2!)?!8-9!'08+(8+B!(928+19283!8-9!'$9$3!'(!8-9! '9(8-98+B!9@A90+92B9C!4-9!-51'2!91)8+)2!)?!=9+2>!'1'^9:3!'(8)2+(-9:3!)0!(50A0+(9:!B'2!=9! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! V!,5(-+6!W51'0!,'@92'3!%,A+0+85'6+87!'2:!8-9!N5(+B!)?!D2:+'C.!R+!X%+-F!D*%'%&F$1%&(! HB9&!N1$99%M$1!$+-!YB-?'+3!9:+89:!=7!WC&!,52:'0'0'j'2!'2:!/+8-+E'!N5E90j+!HJ9F!O)0EP! `0)((0)':(!S5=6+(-+2>!`)C3!"oo[I3!U$[C! ! [! :0'1'8+B'667!92-'2B9:!+28)!8-9!'9(8-98+B!(928+1928!)?!F)2:903!8-9!/-56Z&$"'$9$3[!4-+(!+(!