Table 2 Data base for forest and woodland vegetation BIOME PROXY REGION LAT. LONG. STRATIGRAPHIC UNIT AGE REFERENCE Africa 3 Dicot wood, no rings S. Africa, Pondoland -31 29 Maastrichtian Maastrichtian 6,7 3 Conifer wood, no rings S. Africa, Pondoland -31 29 Maastrichtian Maastrichtian 8 3 Coal Madagascar -20 45 Maastrichtian 9 1 Coal Tanzania -5 35 Senonian 9 1 Coal Dahomey 2 7 Maastrichtian equivalent Maastrichtian 10 1 Coal Nigeria 6 6 Maastrichtian 9 1 Coal Nigeria 6.5 7.5 Upper Coal Measures Maastrichtian 11 1 Coal Benin 7 2 Maastrichtian 9 1 Coal Dahomey 7 2 Maastrichtian 9 1 Coal Nigeria 7 7.3 Mamu Formation Maastrichtian 9 1 Coal Nigeria 8 8 Maastrichtian 9 1 Coal N. Somalia 11 46 Hed-Hed Maastrichtian 12 1 Coal Nigeria 13 6 Taloka Formation Maastrichtian 9 1 Coal Nigeria 13 10 Maastrichtian 9 1 Tree pollen, mixed (2) Somalia 11 47 Yesomma Sandstones Maastrichtian 12 Antarctica 5? Leaves King George Island -62.1 -58.4 Zamek Formation Maastrichtian 13 5 Tree pollen, conifer (3) Ross Ice Shelf -74 170 Upper Cretaceous Late Cretaceous 14 5 Tree pollen, conifer (3) Weddell Sea -73.5 -23.7 Upper Cretaceous? Late Cretaceous? 14 5 Tree pollen, conifer (3) West Ice Shelf -66.5 -78 Upper Cretaceous Late Cretaceous 14 5 Tree pollen, mixed (4) Shackleton Ice Shelf -66.2 94.8 Upper Cretaceous Late Cretaceous 14 5 Tree pollen, conifer (3) Cape Carr -65 132 Upper Cretaceous Late Cretaceous 14 5 Evergreen dicot cuticle Seymour Island -64.3 -56.8 Lopez de Bertodano Fm. Late Maastrichtian 15 5 Tree pollen, mixed (9) Seymour Island -64.3 -56.8 Lopez de Bertadono Fm. Late Maastrichtian 16 5 Tree pollen, conifer (7) Vega Island -63.8 -57.3 Upper Marambio Maastrichtian 17 Asia 1 Tree pollen, conifer (2) Malaysia, Sarawak 0.9 110.4 Pedewan Maastrichtian 18 1 Tree pollen, conifer (2) Malaysia, Sarawak 1.9 109.6 Pedewan Maastrichtian 18 1 or 3 Tree pollen, conifer (2) India, N. Adaman Island 12.5 92.9 Baratang Maastrichtian 19 1 or 3 Tree pollen, conifer (2) India, Bengal Basin 24.1 88.7 Jalangi Maastrichtian 20 1 or 3 Tree pollen, conifer (2) Ninetyeast Ridge -11.3 88.7 Maastrichtian 21 3? Tree pollen, conifer (3) Japan, Hakobuchi 42.2 142.9 Hakobuchi Maastrichtian 22 3 Dicot wood, no rings Japan, Hokkaido 44 143 Senonian Senonian 23 7? Tree pollen, conifer (2) W. Siberia, Vakh River 60.8 76.5 Gan’ka Suite Maastrichtian 24 7 Leaves E. Siberia, Koryak Range 62.8 177.6 Maastrichtian equivalent Maastrichtian 25 7 Leaves E. Siberia, Beloye Mt. 63.8 154.2 Maastrichtian 26 7? Tree pollen, conifer (3) W. Siberia, Berezovo 63.9 65 Maastrichtian 24 7 Leaves C. Siberia, Vilyuv 63.9 121.9 Maastrichtian 27 7 Leaves E. Siberia, Anadyr 64.7 177.5 Maastrichtian 27 7 Leaves C. Siberia, Lintsya River 64.8 123.8 Maastrichtian 27 7 Leaves E. Siberia, Umkuveyen 65.5 170.2 Maastrichtian 27 7 Leaves E. Siberia, Vestrechnoy 66.1 149.7 Maastrichtian 27 Australia 5 Tree pollen, conifer (2) Victoria, Gippsland Basin -38.4 148 Latrobe Group Maastrichtian 28 5 Tree pollen, conifer (2) Victoria, Gippsland Basin -38.3 147.7 Latrobe Maastrichtian 29 New Zealand 5 Tree pollen, conifer (5) Kaitangata, Site L46 -46.3 169.8 Sub Wangaloan Maastrichtian 30 5 Tree pollen, conifer (2) Lovell’s Flat, Site L214 -46.2 169.4 Sub Wangaloan Maastrichtian 30 5 Tree pollen, conifer (4) Morley Area -46 168 M. Ohai Group Maastrichtian 30 5 Tree pollen, conifer (3) Dunedin, Site L178 -45.9 170.5 Sub Piripauan Maastrichtian 30 5 Tree pollen, conifer (3) Shag Point, Site L170 -45.5 170.8 Sub Piripauan Maastrichtian 30 5 Tree pollen, conifer (3) Otago, Sites L289-291 -45.1 170.8 Sub Wangaloan Maastrichtian 30 5 Tree pollen, conifer (4) Chatham Islands, Pitt Island -44.2 -176.1 Kahuitara Tuff Maastrichtian 30 North America 3 Dicot wood, no rings Mexico, Coahuila 27.5 -101.1 Olmos Formation Early Maastrichtian 31 3? Tree pollen, conifer (2) Mexico, Coahuila 27.7 -101.4 Olmos Formation Early Maastrichtian 31 3 Dicot wood, no rings Texas, Big Bend 29.4 -103 Javelina Formation Maastrichtian 33 3 Dicot wood, no rings New Mexico 33.2 -107.2 McRae Formation, Late Maastrichtian 34 3 Leaves New Mexico 33.2 -107.2 McRae Formation Late Maastrichtian 35 3 Tree pollen, conifer (2) Mississippi 34.8 -88.9 Owl Creek Late Maastrichtian 36 3 Tree pollen, conifer (2) Tennessee 35.2 -88.5 McNairy Sand Early Maastrichtian 36 3 Leaves Illinois/Tennessee 36 -88 Ripley Formation Early Maastrichtian 4 3 Conifer wood, no rings Colorado, New Mexico 37 -104.5 Vermejo Formation Late Maastrichtian 37 3 Dicot wood, most no ringsCalifornia 37 121 Marine unit Early Maastrichtian 38-40 3 Leaves Colorado, New Mexico 37 -104.5 Raton & Vermejo Fms. Late Maastrichtian 4 3 Tree pollen, conifer (2) Missouri 37 -90 McNairy Early Maastrichtian 36 3 Leaves Colorado 39.6 -105 Denver Fm., Littleton Late Maastrichtian 4 3 Evergreen laurels Colorado 39.8 -105.2 Denver Fm., S. Table Mt. Late Maastrichtian 41 3 Leaves Colorado 40 -105.1 Laramie Fm.. Late Maastrichtian 4 3 Tree pollen, mixed (6) New Jersey, Monmouth 40.3 -74 Monmouth Group Maastrichtian 42 3 Leaves Wyoming 41.9 -107 Medicine Bow Formation Late Maastrichtian 4 3 Leaves Wyoming 43.1 -104.6 Lance Formation Late Maastrichtian 4 3 Dicot wood, weak rings E. Montana 46 -106 Colgate Sandstone mid-Maastrichtian 4 3 Leaves North Dakota, Montana 46.3 -103.9 Hell Creek Formation Late Maastrichtian 4, 43 3 Tree pollen, mixed (3) Montana 47.5 -107 Hell Creek Late Maastrichtian 44 7 Leaves Canada, Alberta, Coalspur 53.2 -117 Saunders Group Late Maastrichtian 4 7 Tree pollen, mixed (2) Canada, Mackenzie Delta 69.7 -131.8 Moose Channel Maastrichtian 45 3 Leaves W. Greenland 70 -53 Lower Atanekerdluk flora Maastrichtian 4 7 Leaves Alaska, North Slope 70 -151 Prince Creek Fm. Maastrichtian 46 7 Tree pollen, conifer (2) Alaska, North Slope 70.1 -151.4 Ocean Point & Kogo. Late Maastrichtian 47 7 Tree pollen, conifer (2) Canada, Bathurst Island 74.2 -98.1 Eureka Sound Maastrichtian 48 South America 1 Tree fern spores(complex) Columbia, Magdalena 3 -77.5 Cimarrona Maastrichtian 49 1 Coal Columbia 5 -73 Guadas Formation Maastrichtian 9 *Biome number designates the inferred fossil biome. The numbers in parentheses in the proxy column designate the minimum number of genera of tree pollen present in an assemblage. The latitudes and longitudes are for the present day because paleolatitude and paleolongitude vary somewhat with the paleogeographic reconstruction. The Late Cretaceous(?) pollen records are reworked palynomorphs from DSDP cores off the coast of mainland Antarctica. These records were used because no latest Cretaceous records are available for the Antactic mainland. For tree ferns only morphologically complex forms were used. Records of Cyathidites were ignored because Cyathidites spores are produced by families other than Cyathidaceae, which have a non-arborescent growth habit..