ENCLAVES OF ENCLAVES OF ENCLAVES OF ENCLAVES OF FORCED EXCLUSION FORCED INCLUSION (PRE)FIGURATION INDEPENDENCE GATED ENCLAVE QUARANTINE COLONIAL OUTPOST PIRATE STRONGHOLD Strand Headlands West Point Fort Snelling 16th & 17th Century Corsair Strongholds South Orange County, California, USA Monrovia, Liberia Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA Rabat, Morocco fortification, armed guards, CCTV fortifications, armed guards natural topographic features, fortifications, soldiers opaque terrain, spatial separation, physical isolation CONDOCLAVE SOLITARY CONFINEMENT SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONE LOOPHOLE ENCLAVE sovereign territory territorial waters international waters (mare liberum) traditional cities; zone of difference; ‘seasteading’ cities gradiated transitions creation of disjunction 432 Park Avenue Supermax Prisons Shenzhen Special Economic Zone Freedom Ship New York City, USA USA Shenzhen, Guangdong, China unbuilt; international waters worldwide building-scale separation, reception + guards social and physical isolation; fortification regulatory difference regulatory ambiguity, spatial separation, physical isolation PRIVATE ISLAND PARIAH STATE IDEOLOGICAL ENCLAVE INTENTIONAL COMMUNITY $£¥ $¥£ The World DPRK North American Phalanx Christiania Dubai, UAE North Korea Colts Neck Township, New Jersey, USA Copenhagen, Denmark physical isolation, natural barriers economic sanctions, military enforcement spatial isolation, communication connections political autonomy, phyisical separation, behaviour restrictions MIXED-USE MEGASTRUCTURE PROTEST ZONE STARTUP CITY TEMPORARY AUTONOMOUS ZONE 1 4 Raffles Place Free Speech Zones Zonas de Empleo y Desarollo Económico (ZEDEs) Burning Man Singapore USA Honduras Black Rock City, USA behaviour restrictions, duplication of the public sphere, physical separation spatialization of rights, regulatory difference administrative difference, physical separation, interurban competition impermanence, mobility, isolation, distance from centres Urbanism Enclave: A Typological Atlas 62 Figured Block KRISTY BALLIET The Ohio State University The project challenges the idea that an relationships. The inner block concurrently newly figured blocks would amplify social and expanding metropolis must either extend its spills out into the street, frames urban vistas spatial connections by transforming the cor- borders or completely infill. Instead, we have and invites passersby to explore its layered ners and thresholds of the city into new rooms chosen to rewrite the rules of the Berlin block interior. Edge transitions are not crisp, but that connect Berlin. to intensify the shared spaces of the city. To do rather develop into rooms of multiple sizes, this we have examined and carefully restruc- from open, vast rooms at the scale of the tured a typical block to celebrate inner urban city to intimate, fully-enclosed rooms at the courtyards, the outdoor rooms of Berlin. This domestic scale. The project expands Berlin’s design, a prototype for the city, illustrates our block typology by multiplying grounds, spatial idea of an innovative in-between. We call this relationships and redefining interior and exte- the figured block. This configuration consid- rior volume. ers the spatial ambiguity of the in-between— The Great Berlin of the future should not be between inside and outside, between one a city of autonomous neighborhoods. Rather, space and another, between one room and the city’s blocks should continuously redefine the next—a core urban strength. We carefully the possibility of the urban through individual design those interstitial zones that are fre- and collective superimpositions of objects quently neglected: the interior courts, porti- and events. We have designed a block that cos and plazas that enhance civic life. introduces voluminous shell-like geometry Block typology is regularly used as a speci- to intermingle with the existing masonry- men to evaluate the whole urban organ- like housing blocks. The combination creates ism. Important examples include Unger’s new figural poche, sharp creases and spatial urban villa, Koolhaas’s islands, Krier’s village, transitions capable of transforming the urban Choasy’s single field and Assmann’s linked narrative. We imagine that this strategy could fields. These schemes all use the block to be used with any proportion of new and old seed urban multiplicities with strategies and can be applied to enhance the city at a of compressive overlap, discrete compart- variety of scales. At the small scale it creates mentalization or dynamic links. Our scheme covered gardens and the larger scale offers a adds the figured block to this list of strate- new skyline. The results would create a rich gies. An intensified figure-ground dynamic urban tapestry as an arsenal of new void fig- is the principle innovation of our approach. ures wrestled, merged and intersected with Rejecting a proliferation of urban walls, our the existing blocks of the city. block design produces a lively figure-ground Berlin, a city notable for its expansion and oscillation by emphasizing the new figures and contraction, could finally give internal civic social-spatial opportunities that can be pro- thresholds and transition spaces the same duced in-between. Our design breeds urban attention as its peripheral urban edges. The 63 The Expanding Periphery and the Migrating Center EXISTING VOID PROPOSED VOID EXISTING MA SS ING PROPOSED MAS SING BUILDING BL OCKS PROPOSED FIGURES STREET ELEVATION Physical Model. Photo by Phil Arnold Urbanism Figured Block 64.