Tomta Be/fus *4 cr le &ckohocka i/ttons .Oenock 'yt/zrgitfi Count %wonttith Cramit /brt3 ck!^^^re^on County' ? x OidftrtJd AnssjLr '"—^ mr jp} jPa/u'd 3 w&gf fieck nutjfujfqL .Sound 7'°' jirJuiven .Hemy *SrnU/u j <e Hatteras f/Tar Heel sS ( Junior \ Tar Heel Junior Historian \ Historian) v tesociatfor' North Carolina History for Students Fall 2007 Volume 47, Number 1 On the cover: Part of a map that John Speed published and sold in London in 1676. The map, largely based on John Ogilby's 1672 map, describes the New World's Carolina and Florida. Image courtesy of the State Archives, North Carolina Explorers Are You: Simon Fernandez: Navigator, Office of Archives and History. At right: This iron 1 Tar Heel Junior Privateer-and Villain? breastplate was made ca. 1580s in England, or 19 Historians, Pigs, and by Dr. E. Thomson Shields Jr. perhaps Scotland. Early European explorers to the New World would have worn protective Sir Walter Raleigh armor that included such a piece. Image courtesy by Dr. Joseph C. Porter The Lost Colony: Interpreting of the North Carolina Museum of History. 20 History through Drama Time Line by Christine Dumoulin State of North Carolina of Exploration Michael F. Easley, Governor 3 Beverly E. Perdue, Lieutenant Governor Earliest American N Department of Cultural Resources Explorers: Adventure Lisbeth C. Evans, Secretary 6 Staci T. Meyer, Chief Deputy Secretary and Survival by John W. Kincbeloe III Office of Archives and Plistory THJH Essay Contest Winner: Jeffrey J. Crow, Deputy Secretary Marks on the Land 23 A Boy’s Journal Division of State Flistory Museums by Levi Lamprecht North Carolina Museum of History 9 We Can See: Routes of Kenneth B. Howard, Director Carolina’s Earliest Heyward H. McKinney Jr., Chief Operations Officer Explorers The Art of John White William J. McCrea, Associate Director by Suzanne Mewborn by Tom Magnus on 24 Education Section B. J. Davis, Section Chief Escape through the Great Finding a Lost Spanish Michelle L. Carr, Curator of Internal Programs Dismal Swamp Charlotte Sullivan, Curator of Fort (North Carolina’s 12 27 by Dr. Noeleen Mcllvenna Outreach Programs Real First Colony) by Dr. David G. Moore Tar Heel Junior Historian Association What Do Explorers Do When Suzanne Mewbom, Program Coordinator They Are Not Exploring? John Courtney Armstrong, Subscription Coordinator A Long and Difficult 30 Lawson’s Everyday Life Journey across the Atlantic Tar Heel Junior Historian by Bea Latham 15 by the Education Department Doris McLean Bates, Editor in Chief Lisa Coston Hall, Editor/Designer Staff, Roanoke Island Festival Suzanne Mewbom and Charlotte Sullivan, John Lawson’s North Carolina Park Conceptual Editors 32 by Dr. Vincent Beilis Tar Heel Junior Historian Fact and Fiction: Looking Association Advisory Board for the Lost Colonists A Different Kind of Annette Ayers, Mary Bonnett, Fay Gore, Vince 17 Exploration: William Bartram Greene, Lisa Coston Hall, Jim Hartsell, Jackson by Dr. Charles R. Ewen and 36 and Science in the 1700s Marshall, Suzanne Mewborn, Leslie Rivers, Dr. E. Thomson Shields Jr. Charlotte Sullivan by Dr. James T. Costa and Dr. L. Scott Philyaw ~Do you need to contact* THJH editor? Send an e-mail to [email protected]. THE PURPOSE of Tar Heel Junior Historian magazine (ISSN 0496-8913) is to present the history of North Carolina to the students of this state through a well- balanced selection of scholarly articles, photographs, and illustrations. It is published two times per year for the Tar Heel Junior Historian Association by the North Carolina Museum of History, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-4650. Copies are provided free to association advisers. Members receive other benefits, as well. Individual and library subscriptions may be purchased at the rate of $8.00 per year. © 2007, North Carolina Museum of History. PHOTOGRAPHS: North Carolina Museum of History photography is by Eric N. Blevins and D. Kent Thompson. EDITORIAL POLICY: Tar Heel Junior Historian solicits manuscripts horn expert scholars for each issue. Articles are selected for publication by the editor in consultation with the conceptual editor and other experts. The editor reserves the right to make changes in articles accepted for publication but will consult the author should substantive questions arise. Published articles do not necessarily rep¬ resent the views of the North Carolina Museum of History, the Department of Cultural Resources, or any other state agency. The text of this journal is available on magnetic recording tape from the State Library, Services to the Blind and Physically Handicapped Branch. For information, call 1-888-388-2460. NINE THOUSAND copies of this public document were printed at an approximate cost of $5,765.00, or $0.64 a copy. NORTH CAROLINA OCRARTMCNT Or PRINTEDD Vwith! CULTURAL RESOURCES o SOY iINK|nk! introduction Explorers Are You: T Pigs, and Sir Walter Raleigh NOV 3 0 RTATE LIBRARY Or by Dr. Joseph C. Porter* k.Adth HARQLINA ar Heel Junior Historians are explorers. You explore when¬ ever you visit people and places. You explore the past at the North Carolina Museum of History. You explore when you take a trip. A journey to your grandparents' home can turn into an expedition to the mys¬ terious realm of adults. To explore means that you travel or study in search of new knowledge. A long time ago, in the 1400s, the Portuguese and the Spanish explored the dangerous Atlantic Ocean and the land that lay beyond it. Such exploration would be like going on a NASA mission to outer space today. (Above) This painting, created in 1893, depicts explorer Christopher Columbus bid¬ ding farewell to the queen of Spain as he prepares to leave in search of a passage to Like all explorers, those early men were India in 1492. Image from the Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division. adventuresome and courageous, and they (Below, right) In the early 1900s a man digging in his garden in the Wanchese area, on Roanoke Island, found this 1583 English sixpence. The coin bears the likeness of journeyed into the unknown. Many died of Queen Elizabeth I. Several residents in that area have found Algonquian Indian arti¬ facts over the years. Perhaps a member of the Roanoke voyages traded this coin to an disease, starvation, wounds, and accidents. American Indian. Image courtesy of the North Carolina Museum of History. They had no computer or Global Positioning System (GPS) to help find the way. Explorers Columbus was trying to sail to India, but had to excel at geometry in order to use the the New World was in the way. So he reached sun and the stars as guides. The men may islands in the Caribbean Ocean. At first, have laughed at people today who think math Columbus thought that he was near India, so is useless, because their very lives depended he called the people Los Indios, or the Indians. upon being good students. These travelers In the New World, Europeans took food and explored because Europeans wanted to find a other things from the Indians, and sometimes way to sail to India and other lands to the they made them into slaves. The Indians east. India had many precious things like began to fight back, and some of them battled spices, silks, and perfumes that the Europeans back for four hundred years. wanted to sell at home. Over the next decades, the Spaniards In 1492 King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella sent expeditions (called entradas) into of Spain sent Italian Christopher Columbus the present-day United States to look west to explore the Atlantic Ocean. Columbus for gold, silver, and other precious set sail in three small ships named Nina, Pinta, items. In 1540 a conquistador named and Santa Maria. He had a crew of 87 men. Hernando de Soto and his men spent After a risky trip, Columbus discovered the nearly four weeks in what we know as Western Hemisphere and claimed the New North Carolina. De Soto had brought World for Spain. Europeans called it the New horses and pigs with him. Some ran away, World because it was new to them. North creating wild herds of pigs and horses in the Carolina is in the New World. South. When de Soto cooked pigs for lunch. *Dr. Joseph C. Porter is the chief curator at the North Carolina Museum of History. THJH, Fall 2007 1 was he the first to enjoy barbecue in of the explorers who came North Carolina? The Spanish horses to Roanoke. In 1585 he were some of the finest in the world. painted detailed pictures of Today when you see a horse, it may be the first Tar Heels—the a descendant of those wonderful Indians—as well as their animals. homes, villages, and crops. Another Spaniard, Captain Juan He painted pictures of Pardo, built a fort in North Carolina in plants and animals. Today the 1560s. Pardo's men (like de Soto's you can look at White's had earlier) began fighting the paintings and get an idea of American Indians. The Spaniards took how North Carolina looked women and food, infuriating the so long ago. tribes. After Indians got rid of Captain White returned to Pardo's men, Spaniards did not come Roanoke in 1587 with set¬ to North Carolina anymore to explore tlers, as their governor. or try to settle. In 1565 they had, how¬ An oil painting of Sir Walter Raleigh (1554-1618) by These colonists soon were Albert Holden (1870-1920). The Lost Colony lost ever, created a colony in Florida—Saint Raleigh a lot of money Image courtesy of the North starving, and Governor Augustine. You can still visit the old Carolina Museum of History.