Romanization Table The romanization of Chinese characters— long dominated by the Wade- Giles system— used in the first four editions of this book and still used in Taiwan has been displaced largely by pinyin, a system devised in the People’s Republic of China. To minimize confusion, I provide below a list of names mentioned in order of appearance in the text in both systems. Names followed by an asterisk are neither Wade- Giles nor pinyin but are common usage. wade- giles pinyin Ch’i- ying Qiying Ch’ing Qing Tao- guang Daoguang Hsuan- tsūng Xuanzong Hsien- feng Xianfeng Wen- tsung Wenzong Hung Hsiu- ch’ūan Hong Xiuquan Yeh Ming- ch’en Ye Mingchen Li Hung- chang Li Hongzhang Prince Kung Prince Gong Tseng Kuo- fan Zeng Guofan xiv romanization table Tz’u- his Cixi Chang Chih- tung Zhang Zhidong K’ang Yu- wei Kang Youwei Wu T’ing- fang Wu Tingfang Yūan Shih- k’ai Yuan Shikai T’ang Shao- i Tang Shaoyi Hsi- liang Xiliang Prince Ch’un Prince Chun Sun Yat- sen* Sun Zhongshan Sung Chiao- jen Song Jiaoren Ma Soo Ma Su Chang Tso- lin Zhang Zuolin Wu P’ei-fu Wu Peifu Sun Ch’uan- fang Sun Chuanfang Hu Han- min Hu Hanmin Wang Ching- wei Wang Jing wei Chiang Kai- shek* Jiang Jieshi T. V. Soong* T. V. Song Mao Tse- tung Mao Zedong Chu The Zhu De H. H. K’ung H. H. Kong Chang Hsueh- liang Zhang Xueliang Tai Li Dai Li Chou En- lai Zhou Enlai Huang Hua Huang Hua Ch’en I Chen Yi Lin Piao Lin Biao Chiang Ch’ing Jiang Qing Teng Hsiao- p’ing Deng Xiaoping Chiang Ching- kuo Jiang Jingguo Hua Kuo- feng Hua Guofeng Chao Tse- yang Zhao Ziyang Hu Yao- bang Hu Yuaobang Li P’eng Li Peng Fang Li- chih Fang Lizhi Chiang Tse- min Jiang Zemin Ch’ien Ch’i- ch’en Qian Qichen Wei Ching- sheng Wei Jingsheng Lee Teng- hui Li Denghui Wang Tan Wang Dan Chu Jung- chi Zhu Rongji Hu Chin- t’ao Hu Jintao Wen Chia- pao Wen Jiabao america’s response to china .