Literature Cited Agee, J.K. 1993. Fire ecology of Pacific Northwest forests. Island Press, Washington, D.C. Agee, J.K. and P.W. Dunwiddie. 1984. Recent forest development on Yellow Island, San Juan County, Washington. Canadian Journal of Botany. 62:2074-2080. Air Force Safety Center. 2012. Air Force Safety Center Statistics. <http://www.afsc.af.mil/organizations/bash/statistics.asp >. Accessed 6 January 2012. Altman, B. 1999. Status and conservation of state sensitive grassland bird species in the Willamette Valley. Report to Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. Corvallis, Oregon. 68 pp. Altman, B. 2011. Historical and Current Distribution and Populations of Bird Species in Prairie-Oak Habitats in the Pacific Northwest. Northwest Science, 85(2):194-222. Altman, B., M. Hayes, S. Janes, and R. Forbes. 2001. Wildlife of westside grassland and chaparral habitats. pp. 261-291 in Wildlife-habitat relationships in Oregon and Washington (D. H. Johnson and T. A. O’Neil, editors). Oregon State University Press, Corvallis, Oregon. 736 pp. Anderson, H. 2006. Streaked Horned Lark (Eremophila alpestris strigata) Nest Predation on Lowland Puget Prairie Remnants, Washington State – The Effects of Internal Edges and Scot’s Broom (Cytisus scoparius). M.S. Thesis, The Evergreen State College, Olympia, Washington. 37 pp. Anderson, H. 2008. Taylor’s checkerspot Workshop proceedings. Update of Population Status (for Taylor’s checkerspot butterfly) by Region. Population Update, British Columbia, Canada. Compiled by The Nature Conservancy of Washington, South Sound Program Office, Olympia. 121 pp. Anderson, H. 2009. Streaked horned lark regional working group; minutes from the September 29, 2009 meeting. Prepared by Hannah Anderson, The Nature Conservancy. 11 pp. Anderson, H. 2011. Streaked horned lark surveys: McChord Field, 2011. Prepared by Hannah Anderson, The Nature Conservancy for Joint Base Lewis-McChord Field. 38 pp. Anderson, J.K. 2010. Comparing endangered Streaked Horned Lark (Eremophila alpestris strigata) fecundity to other grassland birds. M.S. Thesis, The Evergreen State College, Olympia, Washington. 47 pp. 1 Anthony, A.W. 1886. Field Notes on the Birds of Washington County. The Auk 3(2):161-172. Bale, J.S., G.J. Masters, I.D. Hodkinson, C. Awmack, T.M. Bezemer, V.K. Brown, J. Butterfield, A. Buse, J.C. Coulson, J. Farrar, J.E.G. Good, R. Harrington, S. Hartley, T.H. Jones, R.L. Lindroth, M.C. Press, I. Symrnioudis, A.D. Watt, J.B. Whittaker. 2002. Herbivory in global climate change research: direct effects of rising temperature on insect herbivores. Global Change Biology 8(1):1-16 Bean, M. and D. Wilcove. 1997. The Private-Land Problem. Conservation Biology 11:1-2. Beason, R.C. 1995. Horned lark (Eremophila alpestris). No. 195 in The Birds of North America. (A. Poole and F. Gill, editors). The American Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA and the American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington, D.C. Benton County. 2010. Prairie Species Habitat Conservation Plan. 160 pp. plus appendices A-Q. www.co.benton.or.us/parks/hcp Accessed on 22JUN2012. Bidwell, B. 2012. Retired, butterfly expert from the Washington Butterfly Association. Personal Communication. Telephone interview with T. Thomas, Ecologist, USFWS, Lacey, Washington. RE: Survey effort for butterflies on south Puget Sound prairies. Boggs, C.L. and M. Nieminen. 2004. Checkerspot reproductive biology. pp 92-111 in P.R. Ehrlich, and I. Hanski, eds. On the wings of checkerspots: a model system for population biology. Oxford University Press, New York. 371 pp. Bowers, M.D. 1981. Unpalatability as a defense strategy of western checkerspot butterflies (Euphydryas scudder, Nymphalidae). Evolution 35(2):367-375 Bowers M.D., I.L. Browne, and D. Wheye. 1985. Bird Predation as a Selective Agent in a Butterfly Population. Evolution. 39(1):93-103. Bowles, J.H. 1898. Notes on the streaked horned lark. Osprey 3:53-54 British Columbia Ministry of Environment. 2012. Endangered Species and Ecosystems. http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/atrisk/red-blue.htm. Accessed 19 January 2012. Camfield, A. F., S. F. Pearson, and K. Martin. 2010. Life history variation between high and low elevation subspecies of horned larks Eremophila spp. Journal of Avian Biology 41:273- 281. 2 Camfield, A. F., S. F. Pearson, and K. Martin. 2011. A demographic model to evaluate population declines in the endangered streaked horned lark. Avian Conservation and Ecology 6(2): 4. Campbell, W.R., N.K. Dawe, I. McTaggart-Cowan, J.M. Copper, G.W. Kaiser, M.C.E. McNall, and G.E.J. Smith. 1997. The Birds of British Columbia. Vol. 3. Passerines, flycatchers through vireos. University of British Columbia Press, Vancouver. 693 pp. Cascade Pacific RC&D. 2012. M-DAC Farms Wetland Restoration. http://cascadepacific.org/mdac.htm. Accessed 17 January 2012. Cayan, D., M. Dettinger, I. Stewart, and N. Knowles. 2005. Recent changes towards earlier springs: early signs of climate warming in western North America? U.S. Geological Survey, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California. Center for Biological Diversity, Friends of the San Juans, Oregon Natural Resources Council, and Northwest Ecosystem Alliance. 2002. Petition to list streaked horned lark (Eremophila alpestris strigata) as a federally endangered species. December 10, 2002. 16 pp. Chappell, C. B. and J. Kagan. 2001. Westside grasslands. pp.41-43 in Wildlife-habitat relationships in Oregon and Washington (D. H. Johnson and T. A. O’Neil, editors). Oregon State University Press, Corvallis, Oregon. 736 pp. Char, P. and P.D. Boersma. 1995. The effects of prairie fragmentation on butterfly species in western Washington. Final Report Submitted to the Nature Conservancy, Washington Field Office and U.S. Army, Joint Base Lewis McChord, WA. Christy, J.A. and E.R. Alverson. 2011. Historical Vegetation of the Willamette Valley, Oregon, circa 1850. Northwest Science, 85(2):93-107. Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, B.L. Sullivan, C. L. Wood, and D. Roberson. 2011. The Clements checklist of birds of the world: Version 6.6. Available from: http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/downloadable-clements-checklist. Accessed by USFWS on 11 Apr 2012. Climatewizard.org. 2012. described in Girvetz, E.H., C. Zganjar, G.T. Raber, E.P. Maurer, P. Kareiva, and J.J. Lawler. 2009. Applied Climate-Change Analysis: The Climate Wizard Tool. PloS ONE 4(12): e8320. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008320. Accessed by USFWS in May 2012. 3 Climatewizardcustom.org. 2012. described in Girvetz, E.H., C. Zganjar, G.T. Raber, E.P. Maurer, P. Kareiva, and J.J. Lawler. 2009. Applied Climate-Change Analysis: The Climate Wizard Tool. PloS ONE 4(12): e8320. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008320. Accessed by USFWS in May 2012. Combs, B. 2005. RTLA 2005 Field Report: Butterfly Surveys. Conservation Trend Analysis, Rangeland and Training Land Assessment. Joint Base Lewis McChord. Engineering and Environment Incorporated, contractors to the Department of Defense. 15 pp. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC). 2003. COSEWIC assessment and update status report on the horned lark strigata subspecies Eremophila alpestris strigata in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. vi + 23 pp. (www.sararegistry.gc.ca/status/status_ec.cfm) Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC). 2011. COSEWIC assessment and status report on the Taylor's Checkerspot Euphydryas editha taylori in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada, Endangered 2011, Ottawa, Canada, May 2011. 60 pp. Congressional Budget Office. 2005. Uncertainty in Analyzing Climate Change: Policy Implications. 52 pp. Converse, S., B. Gardner, S. Morey, J. Bush, M. Jensen, C. Langston, D. Stokes, T. Thomas, J. Bakker, T. Kaye, J. Kenagy, S. Pearson, M. Singer, and D. Stinson. 2010. Parameterizing Patch Dynamics Models in Support of Optimal Reserve Design for Federal Candidates in South Puget Sound. Summary Report from Two Expert Workshops (December 9-11, 2008 and October 21-22, 2009). Report received February 25, 2010. 28 pp. Cook, E.R., C.A. Woodhouse, C.M. Eakin, D.M. Meko, and D.W. Stahle. 2004. Long-Term Aridity Changes in the Western United States. Science. 306(5698): 1015-1018. Crawford, R. and H. Hall. 1997. Changes in the south Puget prairie landscape. pp. 11–16 in Ecology and conservation of the South Puget Sound prairie landscape (P. Dunn and K. Ewing, editors). The Nature Conservancy, Seattle, Washington. 289 pp. Curtis, J.T. 1959. The Vegetation of Wisconsin: An Ordination of Plant Communities. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, Wisconsin. Print. 640 pp. Cushman, J.H., C.L. Boggs, S.B. Weiss, D.D. Murphy, A.W. Harvey, and P.R. Ehrlich. 1994. Estimating female reproductive success of a threatened butterfly-influence of emergence time and host plant phenology. Oecologia. 99(1-2): 194-200. 4 Department of Defense. 2011. Legacy guidebook: A reference Guide for the Legacy Resource Management Program. 62 pp. Dillon, J. 2012. Biologist, USFWS. In Litt. Email to C. Brown, USFWS, Portland, Oregon. Re: Change in habitat over time at Rivergate. Dolbeer, R.A and S.E. Wright. 2008. Wildlife strikes to civil aircraft in the United States 1990- 2007. Federal Aviation Administration National Wildlife Strike Database Serial Report Number 14. Washington, D.C. June 2008. 57 pp. Dornfeld, E.J. 1980. The butterflies of Oregon. Timber Press, Forest Grove, Oregon. 276 pp. Drovetski, S.V., S.F. Pearson, and S. Rohwer. 2005. Streaked horned lark Eremophila alpestris strigata has distinct mitochondrial DNA. Conservation Genetics. 6:875-883 Dunn, P. and K. Ewing. 1997. South Puget Sound prairie landscapes. The Nature Conservancy of Washington, Seattle. 289 pp. Easterly, R.T., D.L. Salstrom, and C.B. Chappell. 2005. Wet prairie swales of the south Puget Sound, Washington. South Sound Office, The Nature Conservancy, Olympia, Washington, September 2005. 30 pp. Edwards, W.H. 1888. Descriptions of two new species of Melitaeas belonging to North America.