GOVERNMENT OF TUVALU “Fakafoou – To Make New” TUVALU INFRASTRUCTURE STRATEGY AND INVESTMENT PLAN February 2012 This is a publication of the Government of Tuvalu. This report was prepared by Andrew McIntyre, Brian Bell, and Solofa Uota as individual consultants under the guidance and with support of the Pacific Infrastructure Advisory Centre (PIAC) in Sydney, Australia. PIAC operates under the coordination of the Pacific Region Infrastructure Facility (PRIF), a partnership for improved infrastructure in the Pacific Region between the Asian Development Bank, the Australian Agency for International Development, the European Commission, the European Investment Bank, the New Zealand Ministry for Foreign Affairs and Trade, and the World Bank Group. The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of any of the PRIF Partners, the governments they represent, or their governing bodies. The PRIF Partners do not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accept no responsibility for any consequence of their use. GOVERNMENT OF TUVALU TUVALU INFRASTRUCTURE STRATEGY AND INVESTMENT PLAN “Fakafoou – To Make New” _________________________________________________________ February 2012 Map of Tuvalu Tuvalu Infrastructure Strategy and Investment Plan TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................... iv I. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 1 A. Background to the TISIP ......................................................................................... 1 B. Tuvalu Infrastructure Strategy & Investment Plan (TISIP) ........................................ 2 C. TISIP & Tuvalu‟s Planning Framework .................................................................... 3 D. Layout of the TISIP .................................................................................................. 7 II. INFRASTRUCTURE NEEDS ......................................................................................... 8 A. Infrastructure Drivers ............................................................................................... 8 B. Key economic infrastructure drivers......................................................................... 8 C. Key social infrastructure drivers ............................................................................. 10 D. Review of the Country Development Strategy ....................................................... 12 E. Climate Change Considerations ............................................................................ 13 III. INFRASTRUCTURE SECTOR ANALYSIS .................................................................. 15 A. Population ............................................................................................................. 15 B. Water and Sanitation ............................................................................................. 17 C. Solid Waste Management ..................................................................................... 21 D. Power & Energy .................................................................................................... 23 E. Information and Communication Technology ......................................................... 26 F. Civil Aviation .......................................................................................................... 27 G. Roads and Public Works ....................................................................................... 29 H. Maritime ................................................................................................................ 30 I. Overview of Planned Investments ......................................................................... 33 IV. PRIORITIZING INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT .................................................... 34 A. The Project Ranking Process ................................................................................ 34 B. Options Development ............................................................................................ 37 V. PROJECT FINANCING ................................................................................................ 39 A. Whole of Life Costs ............................................................................................... 39 B. Current Operating and Maintenance Expenditure .................................................. 40 C. Future Operating and Maintenance Expenditure ................................................... 44 i Tuvalu Infrastructure Strategy and Investment Plan VI. FUNDING STRATEGY ................................................................................................ 46 A. Demand for Infrastructure Finance ........................................................................ 46 B. Capital Expenditure ............................................................................................... 48 C. Current Capacity of Capital Markets ...................................................................... 51 D. Overall Funding Strategy ....................................................................................... 55 VII. SECTOR PRIORITY PROGRAMS ............................................................................... 57 A. Water & Sanitation ................................................................................................ 57 B. Waste Management .............................................................................................. 58 C. Power .................................................................................................................... 59 D. Telecom ................................................................................................................ 59 E. Roads .................................................................................................................... 60 F. Air ......................................................................................................................... 60 G. Maritime ................................................................................................................ 61 VIII. THE WAY FORWARD ................................................................................................. 63 A. Improved Coordination .......................................................................................... 63 B. Improved Sector Planning ..................................................................................... 63 C. Maintenance .......................................................................................................... 64 D. Streamline Processes ........................................................................................... 65 E. TISIP Review ........................................................................................................ 66 APPENDICES A List of Persons Met 68 B High Priority Project Information Sheets 70 C Lifetime Costs of Projects 94 D Summary of the 2011 TK II Review 98 E TISIP Ranking Results 105 ii Tuvalu Infrastructure Strategy and Investment Plan ABBREVIATIONS ADB Asian Development Bank AusAID Australian Agency for International Development DCA Department of Civil Aviation DME Distance measuring equipment DPB Development Planning and Budget GSM Global System for Mobile Communications ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization ICT Information & Communication Technology IT Information technology GoT Government of Tuvalu JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency MCA Multi Criteria Analysis MFED Ministry of Finance and Economic Development MPUCT Ministry of Public Utilities, Communications and Transport NDB Non-directional beacon NDC National Development Committee NSSD National Sustainable Strategies for Development NZAID New Zealand Aid Program O&M Operation and Maintenance PIAC Pacific Infrastructure Advisory Centre PIPI Pacific Infrastructure Performance Indicators PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network PWD Public Works Department REEEU Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Unit R/O Reverse Osmosis Units SOE State Owned Enterprise SOPAC South Pacific Commission Applied Geoscience & Technology Division SWM Solid Waste Management TA Technical Assistance TEC Tuvalu Electricity corporation TISIP Tuvalu Infrastructure Strategy and Investment Plan TK II Te Kakeega II or the National Strategies for Sustainable Development TMD Tuvalu Media Department TOR Terms of Reference TTC Tuvalu Telecom Corporation CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of February 7, 2011) Currency Unit – A$ (Australian dollar)) A$1.00 = US$1.07 $1.00 = A$0.93 iii Tuvalu Infrastructure Strategy and Investment Plan EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Introduction Tuvalu is among the world‟s smallest nations on a population basis. Despite a small public service and limited private sector, there are high expectations to respond to both domestic and international policy and appropriate infrastructure regulatory and delivery requirements. The National Strategies for Sustainable Development 2005-2015, Te Kakeega II (TKII), reaffirmed Tuvalu‟s commitment to sustainable development and achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). It aims to achieve full employment, economic growth, improved healthcare, education and infrastructure, and continued social stability. Objectives The Tuvalu Infrastructure Strategy and Investment Plan (TISIP) represents