43 Chalton Street 37 Otago Street London NW1 1JD Glasgow G12 8JJ Tel: 020 7383 5784 Tel: 0141 334 9595 Fax: 020 7383 4798 Fax: 0141 334 7789 [email protected] [email protected] 14 Great George Street 28 Stafford Street Bristol BS1 5RH Edinburgh EH3 7BD Tel: 0117 929 1997 Tel: 0131 202 1616 Fax: 0117 929 1998 [email protected] [email protected] CONTENTS GLOSSARY OF TERMS........................................................................................... 4 1 INTRODUCTION TO THIS STUDY 6 Background ............................................................................................................ 8 2 BIOMASS 10 Description of technology ..................................................................................... 10 Carbon savings ..................................................................................................... 12 Cost and ease of application .................................................................................. 14 Further useful references ...................................................................................... 15 Key landscape and planning considerations ............................................................. 16 Appropriateness of technology within Blackdown Hills AONB................................. 17 3 ANAEROBIC DIGESTION 19 Description of technology ..................................................................................... 19 Carbon savings ..................................................................................................... 20 Cost and ease of application .................................................................................. 21 Further useful references ...................................................................................... 22 Key landscape and planning considerations ............................................................. 22 Appropriateness of technology within Blackdown Hills AONB................................. 23 4 WASTE TO ENERGY 24 Description of technology ..................................................................................... 24 Carbon savings ..................................................................................................... 25 Further useful references ...................................................................................... 26 Cost and ease of application .................................................................................. 26 Key landscape and planning considerations ............................................................. 27 Appropriateness of technology within Blackdown Hills AONB................................. 27 5 MICRO-HYDRO 28 Description of technology ..................................................................................... 28 Carbon savings ..................................................................................................... 29 Cost and ease of application .................................................................................. 30 Further useful references ...................................................................................... 30 Key landscape and planning considerations ............................................................. 31 Appropriateness of technology within Blackdown Hills AONB................................. 31 6 PHOTOVOLTAICS 32 Description of technology ..................................................................................... 32 Carbon savings ..................................................................................................... 33 Cost and ease of application .................................................................................. 34 Further useful references ...................................................................................... 35 Key landscape and planning considerations ............................................................. 35 Appropriateness of technology within Blackdown Hills AONB................................. 37 7 SOLAR HOT WATER 38 Description of technology ..................................................................................... 38 Carbon savings ..................................................................................................... 39 Cost and ease of application .................................................................................. 39 Land Use Consultants 1 Further useful references ...................................................................................... 40 Key landscape and planning considerations ............................................................. 40 Appropriateness of technology within Blackdown Hills AONB................................. 40 8 GROUND, AIR, AND WATER SOURCE HEAT PUMPS 42 Description of technology ..................................................................................... 42 Carbon savings ..................................................................................................... 43 Cost and ease of application .................................................................................. 44 Further useful references ...................................................................................... 45 Key landscape and planning considerations ............................................................. 45 Appropriateness of technology within Blackdown Hills AONB................................. 46 9 COMMUNITY HEATING SCHEMES 47 Description of technology ..................................................................................... 47 Carbon savings ..................................................................................................... 47 Cost and ease of application .................................................................................. 49 Further useful references ...................................................................................... 49 Key landscape and Planning considerations ............................................................. 49 Appropriateness of technology within Blackdown Hills AONB................................. 50 10 WIND ENERGY 51 Description of technology – general principles ........................................................ 51 Carbon savings ..................................................................................................... 52 Further Useful references - general ........................................................................ 53 LARGE WIND TURBINES (90M – 135M HEIGHT TO BLADE TIP) 53 Description of technology – size specific................................................................. 53 Carbon savings ..................................................................................................... 54 Cost and ease of application .................................................................................. 54 Further useful references ...................................................................................... 55 Key landscape and planning considerations ............................................................. 56 Appropriateness of technology within Blackdown Hills AONB................................. 56 MEDIUM WIND TURBINES (25M – 90M HEIGHT TO BLADE TIP) 57 Description of technology – size specific................................................................. 57 Carbon savings ..................................................................................................... 58 Cost and ease of application .................................................................................. 58 Further useful references ...................................................................................... 59 Key landscape and planning considerations ............................................................. 59 Appropriateness of technology within Blackdown Hills AONB................................. 60 SMALL WIND TURBINES (UP TO 25M HEIGHT TO BLADE TIP) 61 Description of technology – size specific................................................................. 61 Carbon savings ..................................................................................................... 62 Cost and ease of application .................................................................................. 62 Further useful references ...................................................................................... 63 Key landscape and planning considerations ............................................................. 63 Appropriateness of technology within Blackdown Hills AONB................................. 64 MICRO WIND TURBINES 65 Land Use Consultants 2 Description of technology – size specific................................................................. 65 Carbon savings ..................................................................................................... 66 Cost and ease of application .................................................................................. 66 Further useful references ...................................................................................... 67 Key landscape and planning considerations ............................................................. 67 Appropriateness of technology within Blackdown Hills AONB................................. 67 APPENDIX 1: LANDSCAPE SENSITIVITY TO WIND TURBINE DEVELOPMENT IN THE BLACKDOWN HILLS AONB 71 Approach............................................................................................................