9. KINGSCOTE GAZETTEER The gazetteer information has been summarized Professor Rainey and Miss E K Ralph, Univ of Pennsylvania, below in condensed format. An 'A' following the of southern track in Middle Chessalls. I Sources: Eagles NGR indicates approximate; a 'C' means centred. For and Swan 1972, 61, fig 1. further explanation of gazetteer see pp 4f and Site No: 4 I Date of Recog: 1993 I NGR: ST 806960 C I Appendix 1. The Site numbers are those referred Description: A pilot geophysical survey was undertaken by to in the text and on Figures 119-20. Site Name is the A M Lab over a grid of 30m squares using magneto­ Kingscote unless otherwise stated or provided in meter and resistivity. I Sources: Cottrell and Payne 1993. more detail such as Field number. Numbers 1-62 See also pp 16-23. relate to sites within the immediate area of settlement; nos 1001-52 to the Kingscote area. Site No: 5 I Date of Recog: 1993 I NGR: ST 8120 9605 C I Description: A pilot geophysical survey was undertaken by the A M Lab in field adjacent to A 4135. See also Site 1002. I THE SITE (Figs 119-20) Sources: Cottrell and Payne 1993. See also pp 16--23. ANTIQUARIAN EXCAVATION (SITE TYPE: AE) INTERPRETATION AND MAPPING UNIT Site No: 1 I Date of Recog: c 1925-6 I NGR: ST 807957 A I (SITE TYPE: IMU) Periods Rep: RB/Description: Correspondence in 1952 between Marjorie Crook (nee Willmore) to E S Lindley, with Site No: 6 I Date of Recog: 1971 I NGR: ST 807960 C I reference to possible excavations at the Chessall site, about Description: Air Photography Experiment I Sources: 1926, in a site comprising two adjoining fields at the cross­ Hampton 1974, 37-64; RCHME MS Notes. road from and immediately W of the schools in Newington Site No: 7 I Date of Recog: ?1970-5 I NGR: ST 802964 C I Bagpath parish. Crook reported the finding in April 1925 Site Name: Wotton-under-Edge (to W of First Chessalls) I and subsequently of samian, black pot, tile, flue tile, Periods Rep: undated I Description: Cropmarks indicating ?fragment of mortar, in a ploughed field, lying between the a double-ditched enclosure and linear boundary. I Sources: 600-700ft contour. The site was interpreted as a 'villa', and RCHME 1976; CUAP. marked as 'Roman remains Newing Bagpath Glos' on Sheet LVII 6" map. I Sources: Correspondence Files, Stroud Site No: 8 I Date of Recog: 1993 I NGR: ST 807960 C I Museum. Periods Rep: ?Preh-RB-Med-Post-med I Description: Updated survey by RCHME, combining information from previous surveys, and photographic sources. See pp 13-16, CARTOGRAPHIC DEPICTION (SITE TYPE: CD) fig 00. I Sources: RCHME 1993. Site No: 9 I Date of Recog: 1975-80 I NGR: ST 807960 C I Site No: 2 I NGR: ST 8085 9565 C I Periods Rep: RB I Finds Location: Copy deposited with NAP (RCHME) Description: Roman coins found in area. I Sources: OS 6" Swindon I Description: Aerial photographic record made ST89NW. by C Pennycuick. I Sources: Pennycuick, personal archive. GEOPHYSICAL SURVEY UNIT (SITE TYPE: GSU) INDIRECT RECORDS (SITE TYPE: IR) Site No: 3 /Date of Recog: 1971 I NGR: ST 8064 9595 A I Site No: 10 I Date of Recog: c 1691 I Periods Rep: RB I Periods Rep: RB I Description: Geophysical survey by Description: ' ... at Kingscot, Roman coins have been 278 Excavations at Kingscote and Wycomb , Gloucestershire 80> 81 0 ; -N- I 960 'I# AE IQ] CD GSU ·- ·IMU 111111 ME e RO EB RSF ... __ _ "· """ scu --- ........... , :: ) ... •• sscu ----............. :u UGS ==.== =~ == = ~a.;; ;=rjE.j; =.t= uscu 0 500m c . ==----~==~----~==~ Fig 119 Kingscote showing archaeological 'sites'. Scale 1:750. frequently found in the fields, after showers of rain, which . .. [plate XIV, fig 7]' I Sources: Camden, Britannia (1772), I, they call Chesle-money, perhaps for Castle or Chester 286; Eagles and Swan 1972, 60; Witts 1883. money; and also, in the year 1691, was found a Roman fibula, of the same shape and height with that which is Site No: 11 I Periods Rep: RB I Description: 'The inhabit­ represented in the table annexed to the description of Wales ants have a tradition, that there was once a city here, of the Kingscote Gazetteer 279 80 5 - 810 -N-t I 0 0 IZl .1" IZl I 960 = cropmarks -n walls ... Iron Age : 0 coin Roman: • pottery 0 coin I IZl other finds 0 500m ~==-------=~====-------=====~ Fig 120 Plot of known archaeology for Kingscote. Scale 1:750. name of Kingchester, which, however may be a mistake, it ings. And accordingly it appears that there was a Roman understood agreeably to their notion of a city; but as station at a place called the Chestles, not only from the tradition has generally something of truth for its foun­ name of it, which seems to have something of a military dation, it serves, at least, to show that this village has been significance, as if it were the same with castle, from antiently distinguished by camps or some eminent build- castellum a fort or town; but also from the remains of a 280 Excavations at Kingscote and Wycomb, Gloucestershire tessallated pavement, and great numbers of Roman coins PLACENAME EVIDENCE (SITE TYPE: PN) which have been found there, in plowing the fields at different times. A large statue of stone, and other remains of Site No: 18 I Site Name: Chesle, Chessals, Chessalls, antiquity, have also been turned up by the plow in the same Chisalls I Description: The name is recorded by Camden field. I saw many of the coins, and some of the dice-like in 1772 as 'Chesle-money', and by Rudder in 1779 as pieces that composed the pavement, which were of brick of 'Chestles'. The tithe map and accompanying apportion­ different colours, in the possession of Mr Brooks of this ment of 1838 records Chisalls'. The placename is derived place. There was also an antient Fibula Vestiaria, of brass, from OE ceastel 'heap of stones', and often, as here, is curiously chequered on the back part with red and blue associated with remains of Roman buildings. I Sources: enamel, found in the same field in the year 1691, as Carriden 1772, I, 286; Rudder 1779,512;AH Smith 1965, 237; mentioned in the late editions of the Britannia, with some GRO Tithe Map 1838; Eagles and Swan 1972. description of the manner of using it. Had a person of Site No: 19 I Site Name: Cold Harbour I Description: judgement been present when these things were discovered, Bacon's quarter-inch county map labels the area as 'Cold many curious particulars might have been preserved, Harbour' meaning 'inhospitable place'. I Sources: Bacon which were either unnoticed or destroy'd by the plow­ 1st edn. OS Sheet 68 (1830); A H Smith 1965. man.' I Sources: Rudder 1779, 512. Site No: 12 I Date of Recog: 1886 I Periods Rep: RB I Description: Morgan quotes Wright: 'extensive buildings RECORDED OBSERVATION (SITE TYPE: RO) have been found ... which belonged to a villa or station' I Sources: Morgan 1886; Wright 1875, 68. Site No: 20a-e I Date of Recog: 1994 I NGR: ST 80 95 C I Periods Rep: RB I Finds Location: CAT I Description: Site No: 13 I Description: Baddeley reports 'frequent Recorded observation of 5 test-pits dug for the Midlands finding of funerary urns and RB ritual remains'. [No Electricity Board to relocate wooden electricity poles. corroborative evidence] I Sources: Baddeley 1930a, 151. Topsoil was removed by machine, and hand-excavated to Site No: 14 I Date of Recog: 1951 I Description: Note in natural. A roughly metalled surface with pottery-rich black Stroud Museum from C Overy through Mrs Clifford soil above was encountered in test-pit 3, possibly indicating (11.4.51) reporting that the site has been traversed once or a surface within an outbuilding or external yard surface. twice when the fields have been under plough. No finds Geological anomalies encountered in test-pits 1, 2 and 4. I resulted, but the field labourers reported occasionally Sources: Bateman 1994. finding Roman coins. I Sources: Stroud Museum, Corres­ pondence Files. RECORDED STRAY FINDS (SITE TYPE: RSF) Site No: 21 I Date of Recog: 1925 I NGR: ST 8085 9565 C I MODERN EXCAVATION (SITE TYPE: ME) Periods Rep: RB I Description: Record of samian, Upchurch Ware, broken tile, flue tile and Roman mortar in fields. I Site No: 15 I Date of Recog: Oct 1971 I NGR: ST 8065 9594 Sources: Crook 1926. A I Periods Rep: RB I Description: Excavation by N Spry Site No: 22 I Date of Recog: 27 Aug 1872 I NGR: ST 805961 across line of track. Trench lm wide, 17.2m long; excavated A I Site Name: Middle Chessalls I Periods Rep: RB I Finds across and at right-angles, at a point 134m W of the Location: Kingscote churchyard (coffin) I Description: field boundary between Middle and Lower Chessalls. Solid stone coffin found in Middle Chessalls field, N-S Excavations revealed road c 11m across, partly paved, and orientation, buried less than 80mm below ground surface. with side ditches. I Sources: RCHME MS Notes, inclu Willmore Type C and D: length 1.9m, 0.6m maximum photographs; Eagles and Swan 1972, 61, 86-9, A pp 5, figs 1, width, O.Sm deep. Top two stones secured by iron clamp at 7-8, pls I, II; Spry 1973, 11-12, with section; Glos SMR each end of the coffin.