Benchmarking for Existing European Dwellings April 2003 Energy P erformance A ssessment T itle of contact: M ethod for Existing Dwellings C .A. B a la ra s , Ph .D. NOA Report Number: EPA-ED NOA 03-01 Ath en s , H ella s EC C on tra c t: 4.1030/Z /01-142/2001 T eleph on e: + 30-210-8109152 www.epa-ed .org Ema il: c os ta s @ meteo.n oa .g r Benchmarking for Existing European Dwellings A uthor/s Date: www.epa-ed .org C .A. B a la ra s , Ph .D. April 16, 2003 NOA P roject co-ord inator Ath en s , H ella s R eport N umb er: EB M -c on s ult, Arn h em, T eleph on e: + 30-210-8109152 EPA-ED NOA 03-01 T h e Neth erla n d s Ema il: c os ta s @ meteo.n oa .g r EC C ontract M r. B a rt Poel E. Da s c a la k i, Ph .D. 4.1030/Z /01-142/2001 b poel@ eb m-consult.nl NOA Ath en s , H ella s T eleph on e: + 30-210-8109143 Ema il: ed a s k @ meteo.n oa .g r S . G eis s ler Ö Ö I V ien n a , Aus tria T eleph on e: + 43-15-236105 Ema il: g eis s ler@ ec olog y .a t K .B . W ittc h en DB U R H oers h olm, Den ma rk T eleph on e: + 45-45742395 Ema il: k bw @ by -og -by g .d k G . v a n C ruc h ten EB M -c on s ult B V Arn h em, T h e Neth erla n d s T eleph on e: + 31-26-3537272 Ema il: g v a n c ruc h ten @ ebm-c on s ult.n l Ed itor C .A. B a la ra s , Ph .D. NOA Ath en s , H ella s T eleph on e: + 30-210-8109152 Ema il: c os ta s @ meteo.n oa .g r EPA-ED; B en c h ma rk in g for Ex is tin g Europea n Dw ellin g s , April 2003, T a s k 1 2 of 155 C ontents 1. Introduction 4 2. Overview of Available Information 6 3. Benchmarking 10 4. Conclusions 27 5. References 34 APPENDICES APPENDIX I: AUSTRIA 36 APPENDIX II: DENMARK 87 APPENDIX III: HELLAS 112 APPENDIX IV: NETHERLANDS 136 DISCLAIMER The content of this report reflects the authors' view. The European Commission is not liable for any use of the information contained therein. EPA-ED; B en c h ma rk in g for Ex is tin g Europea n Dw ellin g s , April 2003, T a s k 1 3 of 155 1 Introd uction OVERVIEW OF EPA-ED PRODUCTS The EPA-ED project produced a number of products directed to policy makers, consultants and researchers. The EPA-ED method is a consultancy approach in line with the Energy Performance Directive for Buildings established by the European Commission. Reports, brochures and a CD-ROM accompany this method in order to facilitate policy makers in implementing the method on national or regional level. Guide (method) Benchmark report Application strategy Report on new policies Checklist (intake) Brochures (national) Protocol for building inspection Brochures (thematic) • Method Software and manual • Labeling • Process Formula structure report Pilotprojects (reports and CD-Rom) Policymakers Consultants/researchers Positioning of products of the EPA-ED project For policy makers there is a benchmark report describing the status and context of the existing dwelling stock in Denmark, the Netherlands, Austria and Greece. The report on new policies shows the framework of policies, actors and stakeholders that EPBD is to be implemented in. National brochures describe how EPA-ED can affect Energy Performance Assessment in the countries involved in EPA-ED. Thematic brochures cover some specific issues like a short description of the method, issues regarding energy labelling and the process of energy performance assessment. For consultants and researchers there is a guide describing the EPA-ED method. More detailed information on how to apply the method in the market is described in the report on application strategies . To facilitate the consultant during the process a checklist for the intake of the client is available, together with information about adequate data acquisition by means of an inspection protocol . The EPA-ED software is available for calculating the energy performance of the building(s) and quantifying the effect of energy saving measures. Background information about the software is provided in a working document describing the formula structure. The report you are about to read is highlighted in above scheme. The main objectives for Task 1: Benchmark of European conditions related to existing dwellings, are to: • Benchmark European conditions • Summarise the state-of-the-art, analyse information and provide recommendations to subtask 2. Benchmarking includes: 1) existing policies; 2) building regulations; 3) existing housing market and actors; 4) energy market; 5) building and installations technology; 6) energy balance of existing dwellings on a national level; 7) weather data. EPA-ED; B en c h ma rk in g for Ex is tin g Europea n Dw ellin g s , April 2003, T a s k 1 4 of 155 The main deliverables for Task 1 are to: • Prepare a report • Provide input to other tasks. The participating organisations include: NOA, OTB, ÖÖI, EBM-consult (CEA) and DBUR. The work was initiated at the beginning of the project, October 2002 and was completed in March, 2003. The initial questionnaire to perform the national context surveys was prepared by EBM-consult and was circulated for comments from the partners. The initial versions of the completed national surveys (Table 1) were discussed during the kick-off meeting. Subtask leaders were asked to provide NOA with additional questions necessary to facilitate their work. Requests were received only from EBM (Table 1) and were included (see sections 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 7.1, 7.2 and 7.3) in the revised questionnaire [1]. OTB also provided some additional information for Denmark and The Netherlands that were incorporated in the corresponding national surveys. Table 1. Completed initial questionnaires and requests for additional inputs. Organisation Initial questionnaires Requests for additional inputs DBUR (Denmark) YES None EBM-consult (Netherlands) YES YES NOA (Hellas) YES None ÖÖI (Austria) --- --- OTB (Netherlands) --- The draft version of the Task 1 report [2] was elaborated during the 2nd plenary project meeting in Vienna. Partners provided some additional data in line with the proposed layout and clarifications, that were incorporated in this final report. All the national surveys are presented in the Appendix. The following sections present an overview of the compiled information and the main benchmark parameters from the participating European countries. EPA-ED; B en c h ma rk in g for Ex is tin g Europea n Dw ellin g s , April 2003, T a s k 1 5 of 155 2 O v erv iew of A v ailab le Information Table 2 presents an overview of the available survey information from the corresponding sections of the national questionnaires, for: A AUSTRIA DK DENMARK GR HELLAS NL THE NETHERLANDS A more detailed overview of the available data and the resulting benchmarking are presented in the following sections. EPA-ED; B en c h ma rk in g for Ex is tin g Europea n Dw ellin g s , April 2003, T a s k 1 6 of 155 No Section of questionnaire A DK GR NL 1 Reporting organisation Austrian Institute for Applied Danish Building and Urban National Observatory of EBM-consult Ecology Research Athens 2 Building and energy No specific legal requirements Three building regulations are Annual maintenance of Energy performance requirements regarding for existing dwellings. described that apply to new heating installation. New requirements & minimum existing dwellings buildings and for buildings that extensive regulation under insulation levels for major undergo major renovations. development. Energy labelling building renovations. For of appliances, according to partial renovations only European Directive. minimum insulation levels apply. 3 Existing policies regarding Several policies are described. Several acts to promote Tax breaks for purchasing Subsidies for energy reduction of energy use in Subsidies are provided for energy savings by consumers solar collectors, natural gas conservation measures in existing dwellings renovations that meet energy and for installations. equipment, energy efficient buildings. Tax exemption for performance criteria. lamps. green electricity. Collective point system for energy efficient measures, towards mortgage & green finance. Tax reductions. 4 Energy calculation methods - OIB tool based on EN 832 − Calculation method for − No official tool available − EPA a method for energy used for existing dwellings for heating load calculations, energy requirement of new yet, but will be included in use of existing dwellings or various versions are being and existing dwellings or the new national regulation buildings and HVAC. used in provinces. buildings. for energy and Accounts for user’s − ECOTECH software (a − BSim software is an environmental labelling of behaviour. Cost estimates comprehensive tool). advanced thermal building buildings. are provided. simulation program package − EPIQR is a tool for − Calculations for natural for energy, moisture, light assessing different gas use in domestic hot and indoor climate analyses. scenarios during apartment water, based on statistical − Energy rating method for building renovations, data. small buildings. including energy conservation measures. Cost estimates of renovation scenarios. 4.1 Penetration level of energy Information for water, PV, Information for the penetration Overview of various energy Overview of various energy saving measures with respect thermal solar power, biomass of different types of boilers and saving measures, expressed saving measures, expressed to installations district heating district heating.