University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Alberta Gambling Research Institute Alberta Gambling Research Institute 2006-06-21 The 2006 Study of Gambling and Problem Gambling in New Mexico: Report to the Responsible Gaming Association of New Mexico Volberg, Rachel A.; Bernhard, Bo Responsible Gaming Association of New Mexico Volberg, R. A., & Bernhard, B. (2006). The 2006 study of gambling and problem gambling in New Mexico. Report to the Responsible Gaming Association of New Mexico. Northampton, MA: Gemini Research. http://hdl.handle.net/1880/44211 technical report http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives 2.5 Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca THE 2006 STUDY OF GAMBLING AND PROBLEM GAMBLING IN NEW MEXICO Report to the Responsible Gaming Association of New Mexico Rachel A. Volberg, Ph.D. & Bo Bernhard, Ph.D. Gemini Research, Ltd. PO Box 1390 Northampton, MA 01061 June 21, 2006 Gambling and Problem Gambling in New Mexico TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................. i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................. ii INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................1 Defining Our Terms .......................................................................................................1 Measuring Gambling Problems .....................................................................................4 Considerations in Designing Prevalence Studies..........................................................5 Gambling and Problem Gambling in New Mexico: Background....................................5 RISK FACTORS FOR PROBLEM GAMBLING ................................................................9 Biological Factors ..........................................................................................................9 Psychological Factors..................................................................................................11 Social Factors..............................................................................................................13 METHODS ......................................................................................................................17 GAMBLING IN NEW MEXICO ........................................................................................23 Gambling in the General Population............................................................................23 Patterns of Gambling Participation..............................................................................24 Gambling Preferences.................................................................................................26 Reasons for Gambling.................................................................................................28 PROBLEM GAMBLING IN NEW MEXICO .....................................................................30 The NORC DSM-IV Screen for Gambling Problems (NODS) .....................................30 Prevalence Rates ........................................................................................................31 Comparing New Mexico with Other Jurisdictions ........................................................34 COMPARING NON-PROBLEM AND PROBLEM GAMBLERS ......................................36 Demographics .............................................................................................................36 Gambling Participation ................................................................................................37 Other Significant Differences.......................................................................................40 Highlight on At-Risk Gamblers ....................................................................................45 COMPARING NATIVE AMERICANS AND NON-NATIVE AMERICANS .......................46 Demographics .............................................................................................................46 Gambling Participation ................................................................................................47 Problem Gambling.......................................................................................................50 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION ....................................................................................52 Summary .....................................................................................................................52 Directions for the Future..............................................................................................53 REFERENCES................................................................................................................57 APPENDIX A: Comparing Two Problem Gambling Screens in New Mexico APPENDIX B: Questionnaire for the New Mexico Problem Gambling Survey Gambling and Problem Gambling in New Mexico LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Diagnostic Criteria for Pathological Gambling.....................................................3 Table 2: Disposition of New Mexico Sample...................................................................19 Table 3: Demographics of Achieved and Weighted Samples .........................................20 Table 4: Gambling Participation in New Mexico..............................................................24 Table 5: Demographics of Gamblers in New Mexico......................................................25 Table 6: Favorite Gambling Activities Among New Mexico Gamblers ............................28 Table 7: Reasons for Gambling Among New Mexico Gamblers.....................................28 Table 8: Scores on Lifetime and Past Year NODS .........................................................32 Table 9: Differences in Prevalence by Demographic Group ..........................................33 Table 10: Prevalence by Type of Gambling....................................................................34 Table 11: Demographics of Non-Problem, At-Risk and Problem Gamblers .....................36 Table 12: Comparing Favorite Gambling Activities .........................................................38 Table 13: Past Year Gambling Among Non-Problem and Problem Gamblers ...............38 Table 14: Monthly Gambling Among Non-Problem and Problem Gamblers...................39 Table 15: Differences in Gambling Careers and Style ....................................................40 Table 16: Comparing Reasons for Gambling..................................................................42 Table 17: Differences in Physical and Mental Health......................................................42 Table 18: Awareness of Problem Gambling Services.....................................................44 Table 19: Differences in Family, Financial and Criminal Justice Impacts .......................44 Table 20: Demographics of Native American and Non-Native American Respondents .46 Table 21: Past Year Gambling Participation ...................................................................48 Table 22: Favorite Gambling Activities............................................................................49 Table 23: Reasons for Gambling ....................................................................................50 Table 24: Problem Gambling Prevalence Rates.............................................................50 Table 25: Scores on the PGSI ..........................................................................................3 Table 26: Comparing CPGI Rates Across Jurisdictions....................................................3 Table 27: PGSI Principal Component Analysis.................................................................4 Table 28: Comparing PGSI Items Among NODS Groups.................................................5 Table 29: Comparing Scores on the NODS and PGSI .....................................................6 Table 30: Comparing Endorsement of Similar NODS and PGSI Items ............................6 Figure 1: OPGRC Problem Gambling Framework ............................................................2 Figure 2: New Mexico Gaming Industry............................................................................8 Figure 3: Comparing NODS Rates Across States (Lifetime) ..........................................35 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to thank all of the residents of New Mexico who were interviewed for this survey. We would also like to thank the Responsible Gaming Association of New Mexico for initiating and funding this study. Finally, we would like to thank Dr. Michael O’Neil and the staff of O’Neil Associates who conducted the interviews as well as Dr. Anthony Lucas, Associate Professor in the Department of Hotel Management at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas and Dr. A. K. Singh in the Department of Mathematics at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas who assisted with the analysis of the data. Dr. Bo Bernhard is the Director of Gambling Research at the UNLV International Gaming Institute and holds a dual professorial appointment in the UNLV Department of Sociology and Department of Hotel Management. Dr. Bernhard worked on the present project as a consultant to Gemini Research. i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report summarizes the findings of a comprehensive survey of gambling participation and gambling-related