THE COHEN INTERVIEWS MARY WILKINSON – Interview No 23 Edited by Tim Cook and Harry Marsh Annotation research by Diana Wray Transcription by Olwen Gotts for WISEArchive ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This is one of 26 interviews with social work pioneers conducted by the late Alan Cohen in 1980 - 81. The period of social work history Alan wished to explore with the interviewees was 1929 - 59. With one exception (No 24, Clare Winnicott), the interviews were unpublished until this edition in 2013. The copyright is held by the not for profit organisation WISEArchive. Each interview is presented as a free-standing publication with its own set of notes. However, readers interested in the Cohen Interviews as a whole and the period discussed are referred to: (a) the other 25 interviews (b) the Editors’ Introduction (c) the Select Bibliography. All of these can be found at http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/services/library/mrc/explorefurther/subject_guides/social_work ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Mary Wilkinson The interview with Mary Wilkinson is the shortest of the 26 and in many ways the most difficult to categorise as the interviewee represents an older style of working, within the probation service, rather than the more pioneering and reflective approaches of the other 25 interviewees. Mary Wilkinson’s voice is however clear and forthright and offers valuable points to consider when reflecting on the history of social work development. She stayed in one area, Bedfordshire, all her working life (1939-1972) and placed great emphasis on the importance of having roots in the community and being widely known in the area. She saw this as enabling her to do a better job and was critical of those who perhaps only stayed for two years. She had a direct and down to earth approach which she strongly believed was of benefit to the clients, being as far from jargon as it was possible to be. Mary Wilkinson acknowledged that she was a “lone wolf” and was probably an 1 uncomfortable colleague, representing a way of working that the courses, discussed by many of the other interviewees, were intended to put an end to. Alan had found a fascinating counterpoint to the background and social work philosophy of the other people he interviewed. When Mary Wilkinson says that the clients remember her and that they stop to talk to her as she walks round the town after her retirement one senses a deep satisfaction in a job well done for all that she went against so much of the newer approaches so enthusiastically taken up elsewhere. She is certainly a lively reminder of the other side of the pioneering coin. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A.C. So, how did you come into social work Miss Wilkinson? M.W. Well, in 1931, I joined the County Borough of Walsall Police Force. And after working there for a long time I felt that I wanted to see what happened to people after they'd been caught and what was being done to help them. I felt very strongly about this matter. I knew that I'd been led into police work for this ultimate end. I saw an advertisement in the paper and on the 8th August there were eight candidates at Bedford and I got the job as the first full-time woman probation officer. I commenced on the 1st September 1939. The salary was £220 per year plus travelling expenses. I had 10 courts to supervise. I had only the supervision of small boys up to 10 or 12, and girls and women. A.C. What about training? M.W. I had no training; straight into the job. The Home Office did send me to Southend-on-Sea for a month, for help. But I still consider the training and the discipline of the police service stood me, and has stood me, in excellent stead. It meant that I always kept up to date with records. It also gave me the discipline of treating people in a courteous and proper manner. My first Chief Constable said," ‘Sir’ and ‘Madam' them all whether they come from the best road or the worst. You are serving them." I furthermore had to serve two quarter sessions and the Bedford Assize, and it's here that I met some very fine lawyers. At the time of my appoint- ment there were two full time probation officers in Luton and there were two part time officers which served the Bedford Borough and the surrounding districts of Bedford. And there was myself. I believe I had 26 cases when I took over, I followed, actually, an excellent officer who'd been a part-time officer in Bedford. She was also the superintendent of a Mother and Baby Home. She's now been dead some years, but she was a very good help to me. Only a few days after I took up my appointment war was declared and thousands of evacuees poured into Bedford. It was not an easy task because a great number of these children were on probation and nobody had been informed. So with cap in hand one went and knocked on the door of people in Bedford to tell them that John or Jill was on probation. I remember going into Gladstone Street and telling a lady there that the boy she'd got was on probation, and the probation officer in London had told me he was most difficult. She said to me, “Come in this front room, my dear," and I went in and she said, “Look at these photos.” They were four boys. She said, “I’m a widow. These four boys, as you see, 2 have been to the Trust School, Bedford Modern [1] and they're all rowers. I've had to bring them up on my own, and I'll bring this boy up too!” No more trouble! War brought also other burdens for me. I took on the managing of a Toc H [2] charity hostel for troops in this town and this continued for many years. I was appointed clerk to the Clerk of the County Council who was Air Raid Precautions (ARP) Controller. So every other night I had to sleep out in the magistrates’ room with another colleague ready for alerts. This all took a great deal of time and finally in the war, driving to work one morning, five bombs were dropped on Bedford and some of the fragments fell on my car, but I came out unscathed. With a large country area, the petrol ration was a feature. One had about four gallons a week ration and I was allowed from Cambridge four gallons, that made eight gallons a week for a whole county area. So I began to work in probation circles, and until the day I retired I did that. A.C. How did you play yourself into the job? M.W. The discipline of the police, and my work there, was very helpful. For instance all indecency cases in Walsall were dealt with by the police women, so l had a great deal of very difficult interviewing to do. I learned by that, that you don't dissect people, you’re patient with them and patience is the greatest thing in the world for any social worker to have. I certainly had to learn the system of probation. I had to grope my way into probation work in some senses, but I found, and I still say patience is the thing. I think the approach to any new client is to be friendly, firm, but you must command respect. I have never allowed anybody to dominate the interview. I think interviews that go on for three or four hours are very faulty on the part of the social worker. I've maintained my standards and I would never allow them to be dropped. They have had to treat me with respect as I have treated them. In dealing with the country people there are many courtesies which must be shown to them. You must shut their front gate I always approach these homes at the back door and I went through the kitchen. It's in the kitchen you can weigh up a woman. And I have become very friendly with these people. I remember taking over a case in Elstow [3] from a colleague who'd left, and I walked in and we talked general things, and all of a sudden a voice said "You are a bloody liar!'' And they looked very flustered, and the father said “It's the mynah bird behind you!” And the bird then said to me, “Did you come on a bicycle?" and I said, “No." And up to this date I'm friendly with that girl. About three months ago she said to me, "Miss Wilkinson I shall always treat people like you treated us." I treat my girls like that, and it works. I'm quite sure with children, they enjoy firmness and I enjoyed very much the little boys I used to have. I well remember two boys coming before the court, both had been put under my supervision and one was really the villain. And the first time I saw him I stripped him down. And the next time he came and as far as I was concerned that was finished. Off he went. Then in came the little second boy who'd obviously been the dupe. And I said, “Have you been playing with that big boy?" He said, “No.” He’d got a speech defect. I said, “Do you ever talk to him?” “He said "Yes, just now on the stairs.' I said, "What did he say?" He said, "Go on up, she ain't 3 so grumpy today!" These are the type of things that you've got to be young like they are, but firm like an adult.